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Around the years 200 B.C.E two great civilizations emerged as powerful and influential Empires. The Han civilization and the Roman Civilization. Both civilizations contributed to the ancient world, with revolutionary technologies, literature, mathematics, and extensive trade. Although these were powerful nations, the causes of their decline were quite similar. Inept rulers, social discordance, and hostile incursions, are some of the numerous factors that brought about their inevitable downfall. Both the Hans and the Romans diverged from prior civilizations. The Han came about after overthrowing the Qin Dynasty who were incompetent in the later years of the Dynasty. The Qin Dynasty was highly centralized actuating through legalist ideals, hence the government were oppressive towards their people. Thus, the dynasty collapsed due to internal mutiny. Liu Bang took over and established the Han Dynasty. To the west in what is now the Italian peninsula, a cultural group called Etruscans ruled over the Roman people and soon the monarch government was deposed by the aristocracy. This is how both civilizations were born. Both sprouted from other governments. However China was much more different since the stretch of land had been greatly developed by the preceding Dynasties( Shang, Zhou, and Qin), where as the Romans commenced in just the city of Rome. Military might was possessed by both the Han and the Romans. For this reason the blooming nations were able to conquer ample territory, thus procuring significant wealth. Chinese territory expanded into Central Asia, Korea, and Indochina. One main contributor to the expansion of China was Emperor Wudi (141-195 B.C.E) who conducted military campaigns. The same occurred in Rome. The Roman ... ... middle of paper ... ...aused the Roman Empire to disintegrate and fragmentize into small Germanic kingdoms, around 425 -476 B.CE. However, this occurred only in the west. The Byzantine Empire remained intact, preserving Roman culture and traditions. After the Han Dynasty subsided, the Chinese endured political decentralization, but the Confucian ideologies, that were an integral part of their culture, were never abandoned. The Han dynasty and the Roman Civilization were the superpowers of the world at that time. They influenced the world and left an indelible mark in the ancient world. Traces of their contributions are ubiquitous, ranging from the invention of paper to the Latin language. Both shared similarities and grew due to a strong government and profitable trade. Yet due to numerous factors, both Empires pulverized under intense pressure and never returned to their former glory.
Han China and Rome, despite having some political and cultural differences, fell in ways that were almost directly parallel to one another. Both civilizations experienced declines in everything from culture and population to economy and government, as well as both suffering from attacks by nomadic invaders. However, each civilization's fall had their own unique factors, and the lasting impact of their falls differed greatly.
The Han Dynasty and Roman Empire existed around the same time period and both lasted around 400 years. They each had large populations (around 50 million), conquered enemies they felt as a threat, wanted to spread their boundaries and had strong militaries. The Han Dynasty, located in China, was built on other dynasties such as the Qin and Zhou. The Great Wall of China was built during
The Classical Era was a time of greatness. Great empires rose to power, the likes of which the world had never seen before. In the west, Rome emerged as the dominant power. Originating in the Italian peninsula, the Roman Empire would eventually stretch from Britain to Mesopotamia and Egypt, a huge empire maintained through a vast network of roads. This empire was made of hundreds of different cultures. In the east, the Han dynasty ruled China, Vietnam, and northern Korea. Han China was united not only by government, but also by culture. Confucianism, a belief system focused on maintaining order, was extremely influential, as was another belief system called Daoism, to a lesser extent. During the Classical Age, the creation of powerful empires allowed for safer trade. Safer trade allowed huge amounts of cross-cultural interaction, trade and the sharing of ideas. But as other empires had done before, and as many did after, the empires of Rome and Han China fell. Rome and Han China had both similarities and differences. The most important similarity was plagues and diseases, and the most important difference was the destruction of culture.
During 660-1200 CE the time of Tang dynasty and Song dynasty, these Chinese civilization began to spread out to other areas around the civilization. Some was influence by them and some adopted their ideas and culture. Korea, Vietnam, Japan were the three civilization that were influence by China. Chinese had a really big impact on all of these three cultures.
The world’s history has numerous civilizations ranges from weak to strong and by level of influential. These civilizations contributed things that have significantly influenced the world as it is known today. Examples of such civilizations include the Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire, which made big changes to the social-economic landscape of the globe. Despite both civilizations having great influences, there are various differences and similarities in the social and economic scenarios of the two civilizations. Therefore it is necessary to differentiate these scenarios in order to appreciate the extent of influence facilitated by these civilizations.
More than two thousand years ago, two great empires arose. The Chinese and the Roman Empires. Having different locations, there were obvious differences from the start, assembly and the collapse of the empires, but there were also astonishing similarities. Located in modern time Asia and Europe, the Chinese and Roman empires were revolutionary with their ideas and accomplishments in their time from the start to the end of their empires.
The Han Dynasty was established in 221 BCE by the rebel leader of the peasants, Liu Bang. Religion not only played a role in the Han dynasty’s rise, but also in their fall through conversion. On the other side of the spectrum, the Roman Empire between 33 and 300, were also undergoing change through religious beliefs. Similarly, both the Han dynasty and the Roman Empire were built by a spread of religious beliefs. In my opinion, religion is the most significant difference between the Roman Empire and the Han Dynasty China based on its effects on the political rule and nature of political authority during both eras. Religion is the most significant difference because societal practices and power structure of the two eras stem from the different beliefs. The Han Dynasty is built up from the spread of Confucianism. The Roman Empire is built up from the spread of Christianity. The two religion’s
...e, Europeans were finding themselves short of land and room for expansion due to numerous empires in a relatively small area. This led to the search for land. The political powers sought wealth and hoped to achieve this by conquering Asians markets as had been done in the west. Much like the political powers, the Christian church greedily sought mass expansion and conversion, pushing for missions in the foreign lands. In contrast to the Europeans motives, the reasons for Chinese commercial expansion were desires and curiosity of a single emperor in the Ming dynasty that was not pushed for by the aristocrats, church, or scholar-gentry. Whereas the general consensus of Europe pushed for expansion for economic, political, and religious reasons, the expansion was the doing of one emperor who looked for wealth for defense against the threat of the Mongols from the north.
The Han Dynasty and the Roman Empire were two grand empires that rose out of preexisting territories and provided relative peace over wide areas. The collapse of the Qin Dynasty (221-206 BCE), which was the first great land-based empire in East Asia, came after a period of war, confusion, and tyrannical rule. Due to the political disorder that stemmed from the early dynastic activity, the emergence of the Han Dynasty (206 BCE- 228 CE) sprung to focus on restoring order. On the other hand, the rise of the Roman Empire (44 BCE- 476 CE) originated from consolidating authority over aristocratic landlords and overriding the democratic elements of the earlier Republic. Instead, the Roman Empire redefined the concept of “citizen” as subjects to the Roman emperor. Both empires shared similar agendas to exploit their vast territories and resources, which helped them expand their political dominance; however, despite having similar political goals and foundations, their government system, cultural ideologies and imperial expansionist natures diverged.
When comparing different societies in ancient history you may not think that Han China and Ancient Rome had a lot in common. These two great societies had many similarities and differences, especially in their social structures. These similarities and differences are all due to Han China’s and Ancient Rome’s governments, family structures and religions. Both of these wonderful empires lasted for approximately 400 years and had lasting effects on the lands they conquered.
Most of the civilizations throughout history have been taken over or replaced by other civilizations due to disunity and chaos. Although an empire might seem prosperous, the decline and fall of empires are sometimes inevitable. Even though an empire might seem invincible, there are many factors that could lead to the sudden decline or fall of an empire. Over many centuries, historians have composed many reasons, such as weak militaries, economic burdens, dynastic successions, and external enemies, which have been known to contribute to the rise and fall of many once successful empires.
Throughout history, there have been a variety of great and powerful empires. However, regardless of how powerful they were able to become, each empire had it's unfortunate downfall and ultimate ending. Perhaps two of the most powerful empires ever to exist and crumble were the Roman and Egyptian empires, both of which enjoyed long periods of wealth and success in their pasts. While the two empires operated on extremely different terms and conditions, there is undoubtedly good reason for comparison of their downfalls considering that the causes generally surrounded the fact that the empire suffered invasions. Of course, this was not the only reason in either case, but in both circumstances invasion played a significant role in the fall.
Today we can look around ourselves and see thousands of technical innovations that make life easier; But if we take a step back and ask ourselves “How?” we will soon realize that most often, these technological advancements did not just “poof” into existence, but are usually the outcome of building upon yesterday’s technology. If we follow this cycle back into time, we can attribute almost any modern day invention to an ancient civilization during its golden age. China was no exception. China’s Song and Tang dynasties fostered scientific advances comparable to Rome’s during its Pax Romana. The most significant and impacting of these were the development of primitive gunpowder and porcelain of the Tang and paper money, and the magnetic compass of the Song Dynasties. Although these may seem very far off, if you look hard enough, you can see traces of their impacts in society today because most of the advancements today we owe to them.
The factors that lead to the “collapse” of civilizations are almost directly related to those that created it. Archaeologists characterize collapse by a number of elements, some of which we have evidence for, others we do not. Most archaeologists are unsure of exactly what caused the decline of most civilizations in the ancient world, yet there are many clues to some of the events that could have contributed. The collapse of the ancient Roman Empire, the Mesoamerican Mayan, and the Egyptian cultures will be discussed in the following paragraphs, with a focus on the uniqueness of each.
The purpose of this paper is to tell the history of the Ming Dynasty’s impact on the Chinese Empire, and to explain why the Chinese Empire was in fact an empire.