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The Symbolic and beyond the Symbolic in 'The Yellow Wallpaper
Feminism and Symbolism in Charlotte Perkins Gilman's, Yellow Wallpaper
Choose the bed or any other symbol in Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s “The Yellow Wallpaper,” and explain how it is developed throughout the short story
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The fight for equality for minorities dates back to the beginning of mankind. Women, in particular, fight for fairness even in today’s society. This ever-lasting battle can be seen in both “The Yellow Wallpaper” by Charlotte Perkins Gilman and “A Jury of Her Peers” by Susan Glaspell. Gilman’s story revolves around a woman who has postpartum depression. Her husband, who is also her physician, uses isolation to try and heal his wife’s “nervous disease.” Glaspell’s story, on the other hand, describes the murder of a man, with his wife being the prime suspect. This story is clearly about a battle of the sexes, where women ultimately win. Although these stories have many differences, both authors examine deep themes by using various literary …show more content…
The story takes place in a rural Midwestern town in United States in the 1800’s, the idea of relationships being prevalent throughout the story. There are three main couples that around which the story revolves: County Sheriff Henry Peters and Mrs. Peters, local farmer Lewis Hale and Martha Hale, and another farmer Mr. Wright and Minnie Wright. Mr. Hale is making potato deliveries one day, and he decides to stop by the Wright’s house to use the telephone. Mrs. Wright greets Mr. Hale, and throughout conversation, John asks if he can see John. Mrs. Wright says no, “Cause he’s dead” in the room above (Glaspell n. pag.). Her statement launches an investigation about Mr. Wright’s cause of death. Glaspell, like Gilman, uses irony throughout this story to develop the plot and the main characters. For example, Mr. Peters and Mr. Hale think that they will ascertain the cause of death while their wives will talk about “trifles” in the kitchen. “‘Oh, well’,” [says] Mrs. Hale's husband, with good-natured superiority, “‘women are used to worrying over trifles’” (Glaspell n. pag.). Looking around the house, Mr. Peter’s mentions “‘Nothing here but kitchen things,” he [says], with a little laugh for the insignificance of kitchen things” (Glaspell n. pag.). In the end, however, it is the women, not the men, who solve the case because they …show more content…
The narrator suffers from hallucinations, bizarre behavior, and inability to sleep or eat, all of which are symptoms of postpartum depression. John’s plan to deal with the narrator’s illness consists of complete bed rest and the narrator not seeing her child. He also says that the narrator is not allowed to write in her journal, which she blatantly ignores. “There comes John, and I must put this away, --he hates to have me write a word” (Gilman n.pag.). The narrator uses the journal as an escape from her husband’s abuse. When the narrator suggests changing the wallpaper, her husband calls her his “blessed little goose” and changes the subject (Gilman n.pag.). This, along with John repeatedly calling the narrator little girl, implies that he thinks of the narrator as his child more than his wife. Furthermore, many times throughout the story, the narrator says “personally,” which “suggests that the following idea can be ignored as a mere opinion” (Ford, n.pag.). The room where the narrator stays also represents the theme of female oppression. The narrator thinks that the room she sleeps in is normal, but the reader can infer that the room used to house a mentally insane person. The bed is nailed down, the windows are barred shut, and the wallpaper is chipped. This
Charlotte Perkins Gilman’s short story “The Yellow Wallpaper” has opened many people’s eyes since it was first published in 1892. In the beginning readers only acknowledged Gilman’s story as showing how women with mental illnesses were treated by physicians during the 1800’s. They overlooked the deeper meaning the text contained, and it was not until later that readers discovered it. Eventually, “The Yellow Wallpaper” became known as feminist literature. Gilman does a great job showing how women suffered from inadequate medical treatment, but above that she depicts how nineteenth century women were trapped in their roles in society and yearned to escape from being controlled by males.
At the start of the play, all of the characters enter the abandoned farmhouse of John Wright, who was recently hanged by an unknown killer. The Sheriff and County Attorney start scanning the house for clues as to who killed Mr. Wright, but make a major error when they search the kitchen poorly, claiming that there is nothing there ?but kitchen things.? This illustrates the men?s incorrect belief that a kitchen is a place of trivial matters, a place where nothing of any importance may be found. Mrs. Peters then notices that Mrs. Wright?s fruit froze in the cold weather, and the men mock her and reveal their stereotype of females by saying ?women are used to worrying over trifles.? The men then venture to the upstairs of the house to look for clues, while the women remain downstairs in the kitchen where they discuss the frozen fruit and the Wrights. Mrs. Hale explains that Mrs. Wright, whose maiden name was Minnie Foster, used to be a lively woman who sang in the choir. She suggests that the reason Mrs. Wright stopped being cheerful and active because of her irritable husband.
John is a physician, and he feels like he knows the best treatment for her depression. Even though he feels like there is nothing really wrong with her and constantly reminds her of this. The treatment ultimately is to be locked away in the old nursery with yellow wallpaper and bars on the windows. Loralee MacPike writes a piece titled “Environment as Psychopathological Symbolism in ‘The Yellow Wallpaper’,” to illustrate the impact of setting and environment. MacPike makes the point that “The woman is legally a child; socially, economically, and philosophically she must be led by an adult—her husband; and therefore the nursery is an appropriate place to house her.” This is a very valid point showing that women are considered lesser and unequal to their male counterparts. MacPike is trying to trying to explain the male role in keeping the women oppressed and isolated. Because the narrator is suffering from postpartum depression, the old nursery is the perfect prison for her. The yellow wallpaper is just one more thing to push her over the edge. She was already suffering from postpartum depression and the isolation merely makes it worse. Postpartum depression already makes many feel very inadequate, so the isolation in a nursery just makes the narrator spiral more and more into
Women have traditionally been known as the less dominant sex. Through history women have fought for equal rights and freedom. They have been stereotyped as being housewives, and bearers of children. Only with the push of the Equal Rights Amendment have women had a strong hold on the workplace alongside men. Many interesting characters in literature are conceived from the tension women have faced with men. This tension comes from men, society, in general, and within a woman herself. Two interesting short stories, “The Yellow Wall-paper" and “The Story of an Hour," focus on a woman’s fix near the turn of the 19th century. This era is especially interesting
The bars on windows, bedstead nailed down, and a gate at the top of the stairs suggest an unsafe place. The narrator’s preference for living in the downstairs room is undermined by John’s control over her. Furthermore, John puts his wife into an environment with no communication, making her socially isolated. The protagonist is home alone most of the time while John is at work. She is not allowed to raise her own baby, and Jennie, John's sister, is occupied with her job.
Throughout time and literature, the male supremacy and oppression of women have been the topic of many literary debates and creative writings. Feminist theorists are and have always been on a perpetual literary high; women writers such as Sandra Gilbert and Susan Gubar in 1979 and Charlotte Perkins Gilman in 1892 wrote about the oppression of women and the liberation that they were adamant about receiving. This spark for freedom in a patriarchal society drove Charlotte Perkins Gilman to write her infamous short story “The Yellow Wall-Paper.” In writing this story, Gilman depicts an oppressed woman taken from society and condemned to an oppressive treatment that paralyses her as a human; the distributer of this treatment is the capitalist patriarchy.
Susan B. Anthony, a woman’s rights pioneer, once said, “Oh, if I could but live another century and see the fruition of all the work for women! There is so much yet to be done” (“Women’s Voices Magazine”). Women’s rights is a hot button issue in the United States today, and it has been debated for years. In the late 1800’s an individual named Charlotte Perkins Gilman wrote literature to try and paint a picture in the audience’s mind that gender inferiority is both unjust and horrific. In her short story, “The Yellow Wallpaper” Gilman makes the ultimate argument that women should not be seen as subordinate to men, but as equal.
The narrator is trying to get better from her illness but her husband “He laughs at me so about this wallpaper” (515). He puts her down and her insecurities do not make it any better. She is treated like a child. John says to his wife “What is it little girl” (518)? Since he is taking care of her she must obey him “There comes John, and I must put this away, he hates to have me write a word”. The narrator thinks John is the reason why she cannot get better because he wants her to stay in a room instead of communicating with the world and working outside the house.
In Susan Glaspell’s “A Jury of Her Peers”, female characters face inequality in a society dominated by the opinions of their husbands. The women struggle to decide where their loyalty rests and the fate of a fellow woman. Aided by memories and their own lifestyles the women realize their ties to a woman held for murder, Minnie Foster Wright. Through a sympathetic connection these women, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters have greater loyalty to a fellow woman than to their husbands and even the law; this greater loyalty ultimately shows the inequality between genders.
Mr. Hale found his neighbor, John Wright, strangled upstairs in the Wrights’ house with Minnie Wright, John’s wife, sitting calmly downstairs. With John Wright dead and his wife in jail, Mr. Hale, the sheriff, their wives, and the county attorney all crowded into the Wright’s house to try to find clues about the murder. While the men go upstairs, they leave the women downstairs “.worrying over trifles.” (“A Jury of Her Peers” 264) Unbeknownst to the men, Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters find clue after clue that would convict Minnie Wright of the murder. Instead of telling the men about the clues, the women hide the clues and the men have no idea what the women have found.
This wave includes works from the late 1700’s to the early 1900’s. It focused on the inequalities between women and men as well as contributions made during the suffrage movement. When the author of The Yellow Wallpaper, Charlotte Perkins Gilman, wrote this story, she brought out the feminism, individuality, and the symbolism that allowed the readers to see and experience what it was like to go through a mental breakdown and how the rest of the world reacts to the person going through it. The story is told as a first-person narrative, the protagonist being an upper-middle-class female, whose husband was a well-respected doctor, as well as her own doctor.
Advocating social, political, legal, and economic rights for women equal to those of men, Charlotte Perkins Gilman speaks to the “female condition” in her 1892 short story “The Yellow Wallpaper”, by writing about the life of a woman and what caused her to lose her sanity. The narrator goes crazy due partially to her prescribed role as a woman in 1892 being severely limited. One example is her being forbidden by her husband to “work” which includes working and writing. This restricts her from begin able to express how she truly feels. While she is forbidden to work her husband on the other hand is still able to do his job as a physician. This makes the narrator inferior to her husband and males in general. The narrator is unable to be who she wants, do what she wants, and say what she wants without her husband’s permission. This causes the narrator to feel trapped and have no way out, except through the yellow wallpaper in the bedroom.
Traditionally, men have held the power in society. Women have been treated as a second class of citizens with neither the legal rights nor the respect of their male counterparts. Culture has contributed to these gender roles by conditioning women to accept their subordinate status while encouraging young men to lead and control. Feminist criticism contends that literature either supports society’s patriarchal structure or provides social criticism in order to change this hierarchy. “The Yellow Wallpaper”, by Charlotte Perkins Gilman, depicts one women’s struggle against the traditional female role into which society attempts to force her and the societal reaction to this act.
In conclusion, “The Yellow Wallpaper” is a powerful short story that explores the ideas of female oppression. The speaker of this story longed to be freed from the constraints of living in a male-dominated society, and she symbolically found her freedom in the tearing down of the wallpaper. Gilman uses the story to urge society to take a reflective look at how women are treated and to inspire her fellow women to break free of the stifling gender roles that have placed upon
Gilman shows through this theme that when one is forced to stay mentally inactive can only lead to mental self-destruction. The narrator is forced into a room and told to be passive, she is not allowed to have visitors, or write, or do much at all besides sleep. Her husband believes that a resting cure will rid her of her “slight hysterical tendency” (Gilman 478). Without the means to express herself or exercise her mind in anyway the narrator begins to delve deeper and deeper into her fantasies. The narrator begins to keep a secret journal, about which she states “And I know John would think it absurd. But I must say what I feel and think in some way - it is such a relief” (Gilman 483)! John tells his wife that she must control her imagination, lest it run away with her. In this way John has asserted full and complete dominance over his wife. The narrator, though an equal adult to her husband, is reduced to an infancy. In this state the narrator begins her slow descent into hysteria, for in her effort to understand herself she fully and completely loses herself.