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business ethics across cultures
business ethics across culture
business ethics across culture
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Views on formality, timeliness, group involvement, communication style and conflict
resolution separate the U.S. American culture from Spanish influenced cultures in business
settings. Though these cultures may be a world apart, changing demographics are bringing these
cultures into a single world market. Many minority populations throughout the United States are
projected to grow through 2050, including the population of those of Hispanic origin, which is
expected to nearly triple (Martin, Nakayama 12). This growth will result in increased exposure
of U.S. Americans to intercultural business transactions. The continued growth of businesses
expanding into overseas markets also exposes many workers to multi-cultural environments
(Martin, Nakayama 7-10). Despite differences among cultures, being able to work successfully
together has become ever so important.
Doing business cross-culturally can reveal vast differences in work ethics. However,
developing these intercultural relations can foster many benefits, including “(i) learning about
the world; (ii) breaking stereotypes; and (iii) acquiring new skills” (Martin, Nakayama 251).
People working together inter-culturally will encounter a number of challenges, and though
conflicts will likely arise, it is important to remember we can learn and grow from these
situations.
A culture’s tendency to be individualistic or collectivistic can be found at the root of
many cultural differences within the workplace. Individualistic cultures tend to “emphasize
individual identities, beliefs, needs, goals, and views rather than those of the group” (Martin,
Nakayama G-4). Collectivistic cultures, such as most Spanish influenced cultures, tend to focus ...
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... for Intercultural Learning. Cultural Information – United States. 15 Oct. 2009. Foreign
Affairs and International Trade Canada. 09 Dec. 2010
Hackley, Carol Ann, Dong, Qingwen and Howard, Timothy L. “International Public Relations
Faces Challenges: The Impact of Palanca in Shaping Mexico’s Public Relations.”
Institute for Public Relations. © 2010 Institute for Public Relations. PO Box 118400,
2096 Weimer Hall, Gainesville, FL 32611-8400
International Trade and Quality Center Missouri Southern State University. Doing Business in
Mexico – Some Cultural Tidbits. 11 April 2007. Missouri Southern State University. 12
Dec. 2010.
Martin, Judith N. and Thomas K. Nakayama. Experiencing Intercultural Communication.
Fourth Edition. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2011.
Collectivism is any philosophic, political, religious, economic, or social outlook that emphasizes the interdependence of every human. Collectivism is a basic cultural element that exists as the reverse of individualism in human nature (in the same way high context culture exists as the reverse of low cont...
... an individual, he has his own ideas, plans, thoughts, and is his own being and is looked down upon because of it. This book shows us that Collectivist societies do not work and they lead to brainless, incompetent people who have no meaning in life. The book's theme of individuality and identity show the downfalls of Collectivism vividly and very well. Throughout the book Anthem, the theme of individuality and one's identity, shown through Equality's own ideas, own love, and own ego, are vital to show Collectivism's faults.
Since these traditions have become apparent through centuries they are customary and have a tendency to lack individualism, as the group among which a person lives is seen as more important over the individual. In many parts of the world today, you can examine such cultures and see the ways that individuals offer themselves to family and community life.
This article provides me a detailed research on a group of American and Chinese adults with plenty of data and analysis. They provided a lot of real and objective opinion on the comparison between individualism and collectivism. The fact of the whole respondents are students gives me an advantage on finding better ways to understand and use this research in my
“Individualistic cultures, in the western-hemisphere, [such as the United States,] emphasize… personal identity and self-determination. Conformity is far less pervasive in individualistic societies because democratic choices and laissez-faire viewpoints are somewhat considered.”
The art of collectivism has been instilled in our minds since the very beginnings of society. For instance, in the Bible, Jesus Christ himself gave up his life on the cross for the well-being of those around him. Other verses in the bible contribute to the same idea that you should treat everyone as your family and do for them as you would want done unto yourself. “You shall not hate your brother in your heart, but you shall reason frankly with your neighbor, lest you incur sin because o...
The next communication gap concerns with the individualism- collectivism dimension, which is the degree an individual is integrated into groups in a society (Hofstede, 2001). Individualistic cultures like the U.S put a strong emphasis on individual autonomy and independence, whereas collectivist cultures like Vietnam believe in belonging, obligation
One noticeable cultural difference between the society pictured in this chapter and our American society seems to be a collectivist ideology. In America we value the individual and place emphasis on distinction from the group. This causes a strong sense of competition, and leads people to take actions that would benefit themselves in spite of negative effects that may trickle to other members of the community. The culture pictured in our reading, however, seems to place greater value on family and community goals rather than the needs or wants of specific individuals.
Culture often means an appreciation of the finer things in life; however, culture brings members of a society together. We have a sense of belonging because we share similar beliefs, values, and attitudes about what’s right and wrong. As a result, culture changes as people adapt to their surroundings. According to Bishop Donald, “let it begin with me and my children and grandchildren” (211). Among other things, culture influences what you eat; how you were raised and will raise your own children? If, when, and whom you will marry; how you make and spend money. Truth is culture is adaptive and always changing over time because
In 2010, sixteen percent or 50.5 million people of the United States were Hispanic. But in 2000 there were only 35.3 million Hispanics in the United States so that’s a 15.2 million increase from 2000 to 2010. The Hispanic population grew by forty three percent in ten years. At this rate, I think the Hispanic population will be the main ethnic group of the United States.
Ruth Benedict’s anthropological book, Patterns of Culture explores the dualism of culture and personality. Benedict studies different cultures such as the Zuni tribe and the Dobu Indians. Each culture she finds is so different and distinctive in relation to the norm of our society. Each difference is what makes it unique. Benedict compares the likenesses of culture and individuality, “A culture, like an individual, is a more or less consistent pattern of thought or action” (46), but note, they are not the same by use of the word, “like.” Benedict is saying that figuratively, cultures are like personalities. Culture and individuality are intertwined and dependent upon each other for survival.
In the diverse world in which we live, each country has its own identity and culture. In fact, a culture has its own languages, traditions, customs and social particularities. We can therefore assume that the relationships between individuals change from culture to culture because of cultural distinctions such as impressionism and individualism. Indeed, in a collectivist culture, individuals see themselves as a part of a group, while in an individualist culture individuals are independents from the community. Therefore explaining the differences between a collectivist and an individualist culture with the examples of the United States and the Ivory Coast can help any sociology class student to understand how
Culture can also shape individuals’ development of self, which also influence their behaviors. According to Smith (2014) an individual from Western cultures tend to develop independent self-construal which he or she tends to “strive for self-expression, uniqueness and self-actualization, acting autonomously based on his/her own thoughts and feelings, and pursuing his/her own goals” (p. 160). In contrast, an individual from East Asia tends to acquire interdependent self-construal where he or she tends to view “the self as closely connected to the social context” which he or she strive “to fit in and maintain harmony with relevant others, basing their actions and expectations and social norms” (Smith, 2014, p. 160). The different types of self-construal give rise
In the end, what we learn from this article is very realistic and logical. Furthermore, it is supported with real-life examples. Culture is ordinary, each individual has it, and it is both individual and common. It’s a result of both traditional values and an individual effort. Therefore, trying to fit it into certain sharp-edged models would be wrong.
Some cultures encourage individualism while other cultures encourage collectivism. In most collectivist cultures, people are interdependent within their group, whether it involves family, tribe, or nation (Suh ...