Compare And Contrast The Commercial Revolution And The Industrial Revolution

explanatory Essay

291 words

The Industrial Revolution, a time where mankind as we knew “it made more progress in the last 250+ years than the previous 2500+ years of known human years.” (Denny). Even though in present day we use phones and computers there is so little we know about the their revolution as a machine. Without a fundamental change in the way products were made, from hand to machines, thanks to our ancestors we can now use the things we know and love not only to get ahead but to make life easy.

In a world where machines replaced human labor, the Industrial Revolution began. New energy sources were developed to power the new machinery, for example: water, steam, electricity and oil. The new energy sources not only improved transportation but also communication. Mass production of goods, the development of factory system of production and the commitment to research and development. With all of this going on there was a development and growth of new socio-economic classes and the development of Capitalism thanks to “Adam Smith based on private property, profit, free market and competition” (Getolia). …show more content…

the Commercial Revolution and the Scientific Revolution. The Commercial Revolution was through the 15th and 17th century, Europeans expanded their power world wide and had geographic knowledge for they were in the middle of the world. The Commercial Revolution was the transition from Mercantilism to Capitalism (Cruz). The Scientific Revolution was through the 16th and 18th century. The Scientific Revolution was the starting of changes in math ,biology medicine, engineering and

In this essay, the author

Describes the industrial revolution as a time when mankind made more progress in the last 250+ years than the previous 2500+ human years.
Explains how the industrial revolution began in a world where machines replaced human labor. new energy sources were developed to power new machinery, such as water, steam, electricity and oil.
Explains that in the industrial revolution there were sub-revolutions ie. the commercial revolution and the scientific revolution.

Describes the industrial revolution as a time when mankind made more progress in the last 250+ years than the previous 2500+ human years.
Explains how the industrial revolution began in a world where machines replaced human labor. new energy sources were developed to power new machinery, such as water, steam, electricity and oil.
Explains that in the industrial revolution there were sub-revolutions ie. the commercial revolution and the scientific revolution.
Explains some eccentric reasons why the industrialization might have happened in europe: their culture superiority, science and invention, free political institutions and small populations.

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Four Major Revolutions
analytical essay
In the origins of sociology there are four major revolutions, which are all related to western societies. As each revolution changes it has many new ideas that rise out of it, but it also has some old ones that will fall. For example as the first agricultural revolution was happening it was creating the rise of the idea of surplus in food. Then as time goes on the idea of surplus is still there, it is just old news now. This is because things like villages had started to form due to advances in agricultural
In this essay, the author
- Explains that in the origins of sociology there are four major revolutions, which are all related to western societies. as each revolution changes it has many new ideas that rise out of it, but it also has old ones that will fall.
- Explains that the agricultural revolution and the scientific revolution had their own social factors that related to it.
- Explains that in the democratic revolution people started studying man as a part of nature. this led to drastic changes in social factors because now people wanted individual human rights and freedoms.
- Explains that in the origins of sociology there are four major revolutions, which are all related to western societies. as each revolution changes it has many new ideas that rise out of it, but it also has old ones that will fall.
- Explains that the agricultural revolution and the scientific revolution had their own social factors that related to it.
- Explains that in the democratic revolution people started studying man as a part of nature. this led to drastic changes in social factors because now people wanted individual human rights and freedoms.
- Explains that the agricultural revolution consisted of many different parts. the first was the development of modern agricultural, followed by domesticating animals and planting monoculture crops.
- Analyzes how marx, durkheim, and weber were trying to figure out what was at the root of the social world.
- Explains that the scientific revolution was the first time anyone started applying early sociology ideas to their lives. the enlightenment brought about the thought of one’s consciousness.
- Opines that marx's theory offers a bright outlook about society getting along, as long as the working class is in charge and people are equal, but communism does not work this way.
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111
analytical essay
movie The Dream Factory Since the commercialization of Chinese film market in 1997, The Dream Factory(1997) directed by Xiaogang,Feng was committed as the first commercial film in China (Mainland of China) after years of previously censored propaganda film (this refers to those films allowed to be screened during the Great Culture Revolution period). This movie was meaningful not only in terms of it leads the serious thinking about the future of Chinese entertainment movie, but also it created a new
In this essay, the author
- Compares higson's study of national cinema with titanic. the story was about four friends founding a company to help people'realize their day dream'
- Explains that feng's comedy was the founding piece of chinese new year’s celebration movie. the production companies of the dream factory were state studios before economic reform in 1987.
- Explains that the cultural identity and sets of tradition were the method of defining the concept of national cinema. the chinese costume and local jokes gained a sense of belonging and interpretation.
- Compares higson's study of national cinema with titanic. the story was about four friends founding a company to help people'realize their day dream'
- Explains that feng's comedy was the founding piece of chinese new year’s celebration movie. the production companies of the dream factory were state studios before economic reform in 1987.
- Explains that the cultural identity and sets of tradition were the method of defining the concept of national cinema. the chinese costume and local jokes gained a sense of belonging and interpretation.
- Analyzes how characters tried to reproduce the scenario of major.general rymond.o. barton's daily life, but they were dealing with conflicts within a qing dynasty’s regulation.
- Introduces andrew higson's model on the concept of national cinema, which provides three methods of looking into a specific film and verifying if it’s one.
- Analyzes how the dream factory was defined as the term of national cinema based on higson's concept.
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Real Estate Investment Essay
explanatory essay
for examples of residential real estate include houses, condominiums and town homes. The second group is commercial, the businesses usually occupy it for lease the space, for examples of commercial real estate are office buildings, warehouses and retail store buildings. The last group is industrial, it is used for working sector like manufacturing and production, for examples of industrial real estate are factories, farms and mines. Bond is a kind of security and debt instrument created for raising
In this essay, the author
- Explains that real estate is property including land and buildings. it can be categorized into three main groups: residential, commercial, and industrial.
- Explains that bond is a security and debt instrument created for raising capital. borrower can use the bond to earn some initial amount of money, example for the issuer like government and companies.
- Explains that bonds and stocks are both securities, and that stock holders have a value stake in the organization.
- Explains that real estate is property including land and buildings. it can be categorized into three main groups: residential, commercial, and industrial.
- Explains that bond is a security and debt instrument created for raising capital. borrower can use the bond to earn some initial amount of money, example for the issuer like government and companies.
- Explains that bonds and stocks are both securities, and that stock holders have a value stake in the organization.
- Explains that securities pay an altered rate of enthusiasm over the life of speculation, consequently obtaining force with that intrigue drops with expansion after some time. investment property can produce higher rentals in times of expansion.
- Explains that real estate investment trusts own and deal with a mixture of property sorts, such as office structures, lofts, distribution centres, social insurance offices, inns and malls.
- Explains that the sale and lease of real estate is the largest economic activity in the united states. real estate investment trusts specialize in apartment communities.
- Explains that there are two techniques of investing in real estate: direct and indirect. both have measurement indexes associated with them.
- Explains that ncreif is a not-revenue driven industry association that was established in 1982. its individuals include speculation supervisors, one pensions store arrangement supports, experts and scholastics.
- Explains that the real estate market in the united states started after the revolutionary war, when the federal government granted and sold land to private owners for their own use.
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Biography of William Blake
analytical essay
Gilchrist published his biography(Blake, William, and Geoffrey Keynes).Blake and his poetry have been compared to Shakespeare (Kathleen Raine). As an artist Blake was equated to Michelangelo. Being born during the time of both the American and French Revolution, William Blake was against both the Church and the State. Blake was a Dualist, believing the earth is broken up into two; good and evil, Heaven and Hell. He was a visionary and was known to many as a modern-day prophet (in class). Blake’s visions
In this essay, the author
- Explains how blake's family life and personal beliefs influenced his work and success.
- Explains that william blake was born in soho district of london, england on november 28th 1715. he was the son of catherine wright, who was married to james blake, a hosier.
- Explains that blake witnessed the burning of newgate prison from the front line and was mixed in with a mob who attacked the prison.
- Explains how blake's family life and personal beliefs influenced his work and success.
- Explains that william blake was born in soho district of london, england on november 28th 1715. he was the son of catherine wright, who was married to james blake, a hosier.
- Explains that blake witnessed the burning of newgate prison from the front line and was mixed in with a mob who attacked the prison.
- Describes how blake's practice of illuminated writing began after the death of his brother robert.
- Analyzes how blake uses his poems to hide the message of how life really is. in song of innocence, it appears that life is simple and we are all naive to the wickedness of reality.
- Analyzes how blake felt innocence was corrupted and abused. in the song of experience, he had a counter poem showing how experience can change the innocent.
- Explains that william blake began writing jerusalem in 1804, but it wasn't finished until 1820. the poem is about hope, if it existed once, it can exist again.
- Analyzes how blake wrote tiriel, the french revolution, and the marriage of heaven and hell.
- Narrates how blake came up with the idea to portray chaucer’s characters in an etching of canterbury pilgrims. after being cheated by stothard, blake was left in poverty.
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Progressive Historians
analytical essay
keeping with the latter interpretation, if for no other reason than it provides a useful compare-and-contrast "control" literature. The caveat is this: the focus of this report is on the predominant question of the historiographical period: was the war a revolution or a war for independence? One could choose many other questions to argue, questions that historians have for years disputed about the revolution, but there are a number of reasons why this report was chosen for this particular assignment;
In this essay, the author
- Explains the meaning of "progressive historiography," which can mean either the history written by historians of the progressive era of american history and shortly after.
- Argues that the report's focus is on the predominant question of the historiographical period, which is a time-honored question that historians have disputed about the revolution.
- Analyzes frederick jackson turner's argument that the american frontier was the chief determinant in american history.
- Explains the meaning of "progressive historiography," which can mean either the history written by historians of the progressive era of american history and shortly after.
- Argues that the report's focus is on the predominant question of the historiographical period, which is a time-honored question that historians have disputed about the revolution.
- Analyzes frederick jackson turner's argument that the american frontier was the chief determinant in american history.
- Explains that turner wrote about the war in his seminal work, "the frontier in american history." the frontier in this period was only about one hundred miles from the atlantic coast.
- Opines that the transformations through which the united states is passing are so profound, so far-reaching, that it is hardly an exaggeration to say that we are witnessing the birth of a new nation in america.
- Concludes that turner's examination of the war as it relates to his frontier thesis needs further examination in the context of all the historians being compared in this paper.
- Analyzes how turner argues five points specific to the war in his overall treatment of the frontier.
- Opines that one is tempted to minimize, or even belittle this last observation by pointing out that the new englanders provided the bulk of the troops for the rebel army.
- Argues that turner's arguments foreshadow those of j. franklin jameson. both argue that the war was a revolution that resulted in greater democracy.
- Analyzes how turner echoes his own frontier thesis in this book, citing instances in the west that shaped the character of the revolution.
- Analyzes turner's view of early sectionalism, which meant lands like iowa and indiana, rather than the pre-revolutionary regions of the existing colonies.
- Explains that j. franklin jameson wrote a landmark work in 1926, which consisted of four lectures that were subsequently collected into one hundred-page book.
- Argues that jameson argued that the status of persons was changed by the war and that abolitionism became fashionable and real as a political force.
- Argues that jameson argued that the geography of new england promoted change in the people. the colonists were outcasts before they came across the atlantic.
- Analyzes how jameson cites the end of primogeniture as a social-revolutionary aspect of the war.
- Argues that turner's frontier thesis is a much more convincing picture of american history. jameson implies that the frontier made revolutionaries.
- Analyzes how jameson discusses business and industry and how the war caused the agricultural revolution to be visited upon the americas.
- Analyzes jameson's conclusion that the war caused a revolutionary growth and change in war and commercial industries.
- Analyzes jameson's claim that the war was a precursor to the european revolutionary fervor of the 1830s.
- Analyzes how jameson argued that the war had the effect of creating more colleges and of diffusing religious faith.
- Argues that jameson makes no political arguments outside of suffrage. he discusses political institutions not at all.
- Explains that slavery was already receding in the colonies; it was evolving away in vermont, pennsylvania, rhode island, and connecticut in 1784; if the revolution was the cause, why did abolition, albeit gradual, continue its march in new york
- Analyzes how carl becker's thesis, "the history of political parties in the province of new york," describes the desire for a significantly different form of government than that which england had before the insurrection.
- Analyzes the extent of suffrage that gives a measure of truth to the progressive argument as symbolized by becker's work.
- Analyzes how becker is in step with his progressive counterparts when he argues his "road to revolution" thesis from the point of view of merchants
- Analyzes how becker argued that merchants were "sunshine patriots" in his story of revolution.
- Analyzes how becker's line "the war was not about home rule, but about who would rule at home" springs up repeatedly in the writings of progressive historians.
- Analyzes how charles beard's seminal work, "an economic interpretation of the constitution," argued that the revolution was subverted by the established ruling class of pre-war period.
- Explains that beard stands alone among the progressive historians inasmuch as he wrote a consensus-style book in collaboration with his wife, entitled "beards basic history of the united states."
- Analyzes how beard's view of the constitution was mellower than that offered by him a bit more than thirty years earlier. he seemed more tolerant of "men of property."
- Argues that beard's economic interpretations of history that exclude all others are at best one-dimensional, narrow-minded, adversarial, sometimes even hate-filled, polemics.
- Compares schlesinger to beard in his interpretation of history through economic eyes. his most important work on the subject of the american revolution appeared in 1918, with a new edition in 1939.
- Analyzes schlesinger's view that the non-importation policies of the colonies were far from universally successful.
- Explains that every merchant's choice was not a mere mechanical one, premised upon strict considerations of an informed class interest. like other human beings, his mind was affected or controlled by powerful influences of temperament, environment and tradition.
- Analyzes schlesinger's point that there was a great deal of loyalist sympathy among the merchant class, despite the myth of united and universal opposition to british tyranny.
- Argues that american historiography in the progressive era was hardly unified in its interpretation. this diversity symbolizes one of the themes that progressive historians stress.
- Analyzes how john fiske wrote a two-volume treatment of the american revolution in 1891, at the earliest stages of progressive movement in the united states, but it falls well within the boundaries.
- Analyzes how fiske writes of armies and leaders, of imperial nations and colonies, and of congresses and parliaments.
- Explains that longman's offered other works by professors of history, including one progressive professor who would someday become famous the world over: woodrow wilson.
- Analyzes how hart asserted that the constitution was more than a compact, the term he assigned to the articles of confederation.
- Analyzes how hart writes not of mountains and alluvial plains, but of man-made boundaries and political competition related to enlarging the entities of the competitors.
- Analyzes how fiske and hart's "progressive historian" is diverse in its viewpoints and interpretations. if one defines a progressive historian, then the events of the times in which they wrote take on secondary value.
- Explains that progressive historians have in common the world-view that goes with the economic interpretation of history, but they do not always conclude the same things.
- Argues that the war was fought for, or at least caused, greater democracy in the colonies. all of our wars have caused significant social change and reform.
- Argues that colonists demonstrated a sort of consensus thinking in being "revolutionary." they wanted greater democracy, but it was an affirmation of the existing order.
- Argues that all the wars the united states has fought have yielded dramatic social and political change. but the term loses its meaning to rhetorical inflation.
- Opines that turner's statement in 1920 could have been said a few years after the end of the vietnam war, or it could just as easily be said today, with reference to the upheavals being caused by the information revolution.
- Explains that the colonists sought control that they had already been accustomed to having. they resisted change, not what they sought. the war was fought as a reactionary response.
- Explains that classwise, those who ruled in 1770 were replaced by the congress, which was a bicameral legislature.
- Opines that richard hofstadter's statement regarding progressive historians in 1968 has a lot of validity. perhaps we cold warriors are cauterized
- Analyzes how progressive historians viewed the revolution as a virtuous, nationalistic struggle, while george bancroft and charles beard saw the war and its resulting constitution differently.
- Concludes historical literature is a reflection of the contemporary events of its writers. voltaire was right on target when he said there are truths that are not for all men.
- Explains that beard, charles a., an economic interpretation of the united states constitution, new york, houghton mifflin, 1913.
- Explains beard, charles a., and mary. basic history of the united states.
- Explains becker, carl, the history of political parties in the province of new york, 1760-1776.
- Explains billias, george athan, ed. the american revolution: how revolutionary was it.
- States hart, albert bushnell, formation of the union, 1750-1829, new york: longmans, green, and company, 1894.
- Explains jameson, j. franklin, the american revolution considered as a social movement, princeton university press, 1973.
- Explains schlesinger, arthur m. sr., the colonial merchants and the american revolution.
- States turner, frederick jackson, the frontier in american history, new york: holt, rinehart, and winston, 1962.
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Essay On Public Relations And Advertising
analytical essay
tactics in their own reporting. Public relations and advertising work closely together in their attempt to portray a positive image. For my final paper I chose to write about the development of journalism, public relations, and advertising; to compare and contrast the similarities and differences and to see where each peaked. It is interesting to notice how much they all relate to each other, but to also notice how each are different in their own way. The evolution of journalism started during World
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how public relations and advertising work closely together to portray a positive image. they compare and contrast the similarities and differences to see where each peaked.
- Explains how the evolution of journalism started during world war i with newsreels in the 1950’s. newspapers felt that the radio was taking away from their business, so the biltmore agreement was enforced.
- Explains that television news became popular after the assassination of john f. kennedy. public relations professionals scheduled events in advance, giving news networks stories to work on and direct access to accurate information about government and businesses.
- Analyzes how public relations and advertising work closely together to portray a positive image. they compare and contrast the similarities and differences to see where each peaked.
- Explains how the evolution of journalism started during world war i with newsreels in the 1950’s. newspapers felt that the radio was taking away from their business, so the biltmore agreement was enforced.
- Explains that television news became popular after the assassination of john f. kennedy. public relations professionals scheduled events in advance, giving news networks stories to work on and direct access to accurate information about government and businesses.
- Explains that cable television came around in 1980; cnn was at its highest peak during the 9/11 terrorist attacks as they had nonstop coverage. fox news took a conservative route in their broadcasting.
- Explains the rise in online news began in 1993 when two major papers were available on aol. the world wide web made navigation on the internet much easier, and much faster.
- Explains that public relations usually try to give everything a positive reputation, which is ironic, since it has negative reputations. public relations and advertising work together, resulting in integrated marketing.
- Analyzes how public relations influence news, products, elected officials, and laws. henry ford hired barney oldfield to drive a ford car in 1903.
- Explains that the great depression brought a lot of business for public relations professionals, and the selling of president franklin d. roosevelt’s new deal program helped lift the united states economy out of the depression.
- Explains that the first printed advertisement was called a handbill in 1478. they influenced people to keep up with their personal hygiene during the industrial revolution.
- Explains the different forms of advertising that correspond to journalism, such as newspaper advertisements, television ads, magazines, websites, and radios.
- Opines that advertisers should be careful when viewing ads because they never know how much truth they're really getting. there are different ways to make advertisements desirable, such as coming up with a slogan or sharing an unforgettable video.
- Opines that advertising and public relations are seen negatively by most, and it seems as though the negativity is getting worse.
- Explains how the rise of journalism, public relations, and advertising all arose around the same time, but had different ways in how they peaked.
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Which country it is the biggest threat
explanatory essay
Anyone of these countries could inflict grave damage to the United States, resulting in catastrophic results. I’ll compare and contrast these countries 5 intelligence disciplines to determine which country poses the biggest threat to U.S. national security. China poses the greatest threat to the United States national security. The first intelligence discipline I will compare is HUMINT. Humint is defined as Intelligence gathered from human sources. All three of these countries have a proven
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states faces countless threats on both home front and aboard. china, iran, and russia pose the greatest threat to u.s. national security.
- Explains that the sixth directorate uses over 20 different types of aircrafts, a fleet of 60 sigint collection vessels, satellites and ground stations to collect signals intelligence.
- Explains that the russian prognoz satellite has infrared detection capabilities similar to those provided by the u.s. defense support program satellite system.
- Explains that the united states faces countless threats on both home front and aboard. china, iran, and russia pose the greatest threat to u.s. national security.
- Explains that the sixth directorate uses over 20 different types of aircrafts, a fleet of 60 sigint collection vessels, satellites and ground stations to collect signals intelligence.
- Explains that the russian prognoz satellite has infrared detection capabilities similar to those provided by the u.s. defense support program satellite system.
- Opines that china is willing to use intelligence to acquire u.s. technology through interactions and pass that information to the chinese government.
- Describes byzantine candor as a chinese hacking group that targets commercial and military networks around the world, gathering sensitive information on an estimated 1,000 organizations.
- Explains that intelligence capabilities play a significant role in determining the outcome of any war. the size of the military will allow them to use more resources and fighting power.
- Explains that iran's intelligence has a proven track record of using humint sources to their advantage, including the use of espionage.
- Explains that the ministry of state security (mss) is the principal chinese agency responsible for intelligence collection and counterintelligence.
- Explains that the russian foreign intelligence service (svr) and the main intelligence directorate of the general staff (gru) are responsible for collecting intelligence. aldrich ames was the most recent example of how russia conducted humint operation.
- Explains that china's ministry of state security (mss) is its overarching intelligence agency, and the military intelligence division is heavily involved with open source data.
- Explains that the iranian government has made strides to improve its collections of signals intelligence. the irgc is strategically focused on gathering intelligence along its borders but lacks a robust collection capability.
- Explains that sigint analysts have specialized training in banking and financial transactions, controlled by the chinese 3rd department of the general staff department and the central military commission.
- Explains that masint is scientific and technical intelligence information obtained by quantitative and qualitative analysis of data derived from specific technical sensors for the purpose of identifying distinctive features associated with the source emitter or sender.
- Explains that the irgc executes an imagery mission with a broad array of unmanned reconnaissance systems.
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Compare and Contrast the Unification of Germany, Italy, and the United States
analytical essay
Compare and Contrast the Unification of Germany, Italy, and the United States From the 1790s to 1814 French troops successively conquered and occupied the area that later constituted the German Empire. French domination helped to modernize and consolidate Germany and -- toward the end -- sparked the first upsurge of German nationalism. In different ways the French emperor Napoleon I helped German unification. It was important that he encouraged many of the middle-sized German states to absorb
In this essay, the author
- Compares the unification of germany, italy, and the united states. french domination helped to modernize and consolidate germany and sparked the first upsurge of german nationalism.
- Explains how mediation led to the dissolution of the holy roman empire and brought the same french legal codes, measurements, and weights to most german-speaking areas, thus helping to modernize them.
- Explains that the congress of vienna created the german confederation under austrian and prussian hegemony, but this unit disappointed the dreams of nationalists.
- Compares the unification of germany, italy, and the united states. french domination helped to modernize and consolidate germany and sparked the first upsurge of german nationalism.
- Explains how mediation led to the dissolution of the holy roman empire and brought the same french legal codes, measurements, and weights to most german-speaking areas, thus helping to modernize them.
- Explains that the congress of vienna created the german confederation under austrian and prussian hegemony, but this unit disappointed the dreams of nationalists.
- Explains that the industrial revolution in germany entered its decisive phase after 1850. new factories were built at a breath-taking rate, textiles and iron soared, railroads grew and coal production and export reached record levels every year.
- Explains that economic progress was most powerful in prussia and less impressive in austria.
- Explains that bismarck adopted universal and equal suffrage in his constitutional settlements of 1867 and 1871, but this step was dictated by political needs. this strategy was inspired by napoleon iii, who established an autocracy which often resorted to plebiscites.
- Explains that bismarck practiced realpolitik, which was an opportunistic and pragmatic approach to politics. he insisted on the importance of power.
- Analyzes how the outcome of the prussian war against austria and its south german allies came as a bad surprise mainly to france.
- Explains that napoleon iii declared war on prussia on 19 july 1870, the biggest mistake of his life. bismarck won the consent of the other princes to a unite germany (excluding austria).
- Explains the constitution of the new state, the reichstag, and the federal council. the war with france was concluded by the treaty of frankfurt in may 1871.
- Explains that garibaldi and cavour were associated with the new king of piedmont sardinia, victor emmanuel 2nd, but they played a role in the unification of italy.
- Analyzes how cavour increased piedmontese spending, improved commerce, communication, industry, and agriculture, along with developing transportation and the genoesian port. he convinced victor emmanuel 2nd to send troops to assist britain & france in the crimean war.
- Explains that cavour and napoleon 3rd signed a secret agreement, stating that if austria invaded piedmont sardinia, france would come to the rescue.
- Explains that piedmont sardinia had to provoke austria into invading, mobilizing troops and protecting conscription refugees.
- Explains that napoleon 3rd became reluctant about the deal, noticing prussia was mobilizing troops, and the war had already taken a great toll on life.
- States that the truce stated that piedmont sardinia would gain lombardy, while austria would retain veneta. tuscany & modena were restored to their former rulers.
- Explains that piedmont sardinia gained lombardy, which was the first step towards the unification of italy under one king. the agreement between france and austria couldn't be completed though.
- Explains that the plebiscite concluded that tuscany and modena would become part of piedmont sardinia, and nice & savoy would join france. cavour continued working toward unification.
- Describes how garibaldi spent 12 years in south america where he got to master the art of guerilla warfare. he wanted to advance liberalism and nationalism as much as possible in italy.
- Analyzes how garibaldi's army easily conquered sicily and headed on to the italian mainland. he fought his way to naples and had many more volunteers join his army.
- Describes how cavour persuaded victor emmanuel to lead an army of 35,000 men through the papal states and not allow garibaldi invade rome.
- Explains that thanks to garibaldi's war knowledge, and cavour’s diplomacy, italy was finally unified under victor emmanuel 2nd.
- Describes how victor emmanuel marched into venetia and confirmed its annexation to italy through a plebiscite.
- Describes how the piedmonts army easily entered the papal states conquering rome and declaring it the capital of italy on october 2nd 1870.
- Explains that during the seven years' war, england was alarmed by the colonists' insistence on trading with the enemy, and with boston merchants hiring james otis to protest the legality of the writs of assistance.
- Explains that the stamp act congress and parliamentary taxation committee's passed laws that attempted to strengthen the grip of the english crown.
- Explains that the declatory act was passed in march of 1766 and many colonies were attempting to claim that they were "seceding" from england.
- Analyzes how dickinson's statement shows that new taxes are just for the british government to make money, at the expense of the economy of colonies.
- Opines that the british parliament's acts are bona fide restrained to the regulation of their external commerce for the purpose of securing the commercial advantages of the empire to its mother country.
- Explains that the continental congress presented its colonial rights, which enable the colonies to be more autonomous with exception to those states that are under british control.
- Analyzes how thomas paine's statement shows the foreshadowing of what colonists would do. the british are trying to prevent independence, and from doing so, they are being tyrannical.
- Explains that the declaration of independence was a strong justification for revolution. the transition is depicted through the progression of time in the documents.
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William Blake
analytical essay
William Blake William Blake was born in 1757 during a time when Romanticism was on the rise. Romantic poets of this day and age, living in England, experienced changes from a wealth-centered aristocracy to a modern industrial nation where power shifted to large-scale employers thus leading to the enlargement of the working class. Although Blake is seen as a very skillful writer his greatest successes were his engravings taught to him by a skilled sculpture. Blake differed from other poets in
In this essay, the author
- Explains that william blake was born in 1757 during a time when romanticism was on the rise. his greatest successes were his engravings taught to him by skilled sculpture.
- Explains that blake was a social critic of his own time and often thought of himself as prophet. he disagreed with some of these changes through his poem "london".
- Analyzes the two poems in songs of innocence, "introduction" and "the chimney sweeper".
- Explains that william blake was born in 1757 during a time when romanticism was on the rise. his greatest successes were his engravings taught to him by skilled sculpture.
- Explains that blake was a social critic of his own time and often thought of himself as prophet. he disagreed with some of these changes through his poem "london".
- Analyzes the two poems in songs of innocence, "introduction" and "the chimney sweeper".
- Analyzes how the poem depicts tom as a sheep with white hair that curls like lambs back, and the use of shepherds and herds displays the pastoral image that was popular during the romantic period.
- Analyzes how the poem in songs of innocence displays the purity of youth and religious symbolism through the use of children and lambs.
- Analyzes how songs of experience is set in a totally different tone, and gives each character an extremely severe harsh appearance.
- Analyzes how the two poems in songs of innocence are based on the reality of life and display the limitations set on us by class, race, and even sex.
- Analyzes how experience is a major change for blake, and doesn't bring out the best outlook on the future.
- Analyzes how blake's "introduction" sets the stage for the rest of the poems. he sees himself as a bard or prophet that calls to adam and asks him to return to innocence.
- Analyzes how blake combined the two titles "songs of innocence" and "song of experience" to add a phrase that sums up the meaning of both. childhood represents innocence and adulthood represents experience.
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Portfolio Management: A Case Study Of Portfolio Management
explanatory essay
Chapter – 1 INTRODUCTION INTRODUCTION ABOUT THE INTERNSHIP It is an initiative to bridge the gap between cognizanceand its application through a series of intervention Opportunity to apply theoretical concepts at the work place. To familiarize with corporate code of behavior. To enable us to manage work under deadlines. A Portfolio is anamassment of investment which is held by an institution or private individuals. In building up an investment portfolio a financial institution will typically
In this essay, the author
- Explains that it is an initiative to bridge the gap between cognizance and its application through intervention.
- Explains proper money management in terms of investment in a basket so as to satisfy the assets preference of investors.
- Explains that economic liberalization has accelerated the pace of development in the securities market, which has undergone a sea change during the last 2 decades.
- Explains that it is an initiative to bridge the gap between cognizance and its application through intervention.
- Explains proper money management in terms of investment in a basket so as to satisfy the assets preference of investors.
- Explains that economic liberalization has accelerated the pace of development in the securities market, which has undergone a sea change during the last 2 decades.
- Explains how to calculate the return and risk of different portfolios designed by combining various companies from different industries.
- Explains the purpose of measuring portfolio performance and evaluating portfolios to ensure attainment of investor objectives.
- Explains the scope of the study, which is limited to pharmaceuticals, information technologies, and fmcg industries.
- Explains that secondary data will be from various journals and stocks market past 10years data.
- Explains that for calculating the returns of each industry, this study assumes that the indexes are taken into consideration.
- Explains that lahore exchange was closed during partition of the country and later migrated to delhi and merged with delhi stock exchange.
- Explains indian stock exchange trading is limited to listed securities of public limited companies. equity shares of dividend-paying, growth-oriented companies with a paid-up capital of atleast rs.50 million are put in the specified group and the balance in non-specified group.
- Explains that with the liberalization of the indian economy, it was inevitable to lift india's stock market trading system on par with international standards. the national stock exchange was incorporated in 1992.
- Explains that wholesale debt market operations are similar to money-market operations. institutions and corporate bodies enter into high-value transactions in financial instruments such as government securities, treasury bills, public sector unit bonds, commercial paper, and certificate of deposit.
- Explains that adventz represents many well-known companies and a fantastic synergy of human talent, proven technological expertise and established financial prowess across diverse sectors.
- Explains adventz is a dynamic, diversified conglomerate with global footprint. we reach millions through our products and services around the world.
- Explains thatadventz is powering the critical transformation in the indian agricultural sector by leveraging the vast experience and expertise of its group companies.
- Explains that adventz is playing a transformational role in the critical nation-building process with its extensive industrial and process engineering capabilities.
- Explains that adventz is creating environments where people lead productive and creative lives, celebrate big moments and small, and look forward to tomorrow with a sense of greater purpose.
- Explains that adventz is catering to india's economic expansion by transforming investment, management and financial services.
- Aims to be an indian conglomerate with global ambitions that contributes to india's economic and prosperity through transformational change.
- Aims to harness and harmonize the vast reservoir of human talent, technological know-how and other resources in a collaborative, inclusive and sustainable manner so as to drive india's development and progress.
- Explains that a plot loan is provided for residential or commercial plots. the plot should be freehold and within municipal limits or approved by municipal authorities.
- Explains that a loan against property is the perfect way to unlock the hidden value of your property. property values are assessed by the approved valuation agency or by internal guidelines of the banks/nbfcs.
- Explains that the health insurance program provides pre-defined insurance coverage to all insured for expenses related to hospitalization due to illness, disease or injury.
- Explains that the motor insurance policy covers against any loss or damage caused to vehicle or its accessories due to natural and manmade calamities.
- Explains that travel insurance is designed to cover the costs and reduce the risk associated with unexpected events during international travel. it can be taken individually or bundled for an organization.
- Explains that zuarimoney offers its customers access to online and offline trading in equity, currency & commodity through its subsidiary zctl.
- Explains that zuarimoney provides investment advisory services and enables customers to invest in reputed funds.
- Explains that zuarimoney has partnered with leading corporates to provide its customers access to alternate fd investment with higher yields.
- Explains that zuarimoney is a depository participant with nsdl and cdsl, and sebi registered category ii registrar and transfer agent.
- Opines that equity research team is one of the best in the market and provides timely investment advice free of cost.
- Explains that there are many factors that influence the decision of investing in assets, but some main driving forces cause investments in any society.
- Explains that the investment process involves a series of activities leading to the purchase of securities or other investment alternatives.
- Explains that in the small firm, the portfolio manager performs the job of security analyst. in the medium and large sized organizations, they perform the same job.
- Explains that a portfolio is anamassment of investment which is held by an institution or private individuals. portfolio management involves deciding in advance what assets to include in the portfolio.
- Explains the importance of the rate of return in investment and the possibility of defaults and bankruptcy risk.
- Explains that there was a constraint with regard to time allocated for the research study, which was 10 weeks from 8th december 2014 to 14th february 2015.
- Explains that the indian stock markets are one of the oldest in asia and its history dates back to nearly 200 years ago.
- Explains that ahmadabad gained importance next to bombay with respect to cotton textile industry.
- Explains how india became a supply base after the second world war, when cotton, bullion, seeds, and other commodities were restricted. stock exchanges were floated in all parts of the country.
- Analyzes the growth pattern of india's stock markets since independence.
- Opines that there is a great amount of effort to modernize the indian stock exchanges in the recent times.
- Explains that the traditional trading mechanism in the indian stock markets gave way to many functional inefficiencies, such as, absence of liquidity, lack of transparency and unduly long settlement periods.
- Explains that otcei has a widely dispersed trading mechanism across the country which provides greater liquidity and less risk of intermediary charges.
- Explains that the otc issue allotment procedure is completed in a month, while trading commences after the month of the issue closure.
- Explains that the primary market is used to raise long-term funds by issuing securities such as debt or equity.
- Explains that the national stock exchange provides trading in the equity as well as debt market.
- Explains that nse recognizes trading members who trade on behalf of themselves and their clients. trading takes place through a fully automated screen-based trading mechanism which adopts the principle of an order-driven market.
- Explains that investors can trade at the same price from anywhere in the country since intermarket operations are streamlined and countrywide access to the securities.
- Explains that economic growth refers to the sustained increase in per capita or total income, while the term economic development implies sustained structural change.
- Argues that planning in india is necessary to increase the rate of economic development, since the market mechanism works imperfectly in developing nations.
- Explains that the development of planning in india began prior to the first five year plan of independent india, long before independence even.
- Describes the long-term objectives of indian planning.
- Opines that economic growth has been the primary objective in all five year plans, with a rate of five per cent per annum.
- Explains that adventz is an indian conglomerate with global ambitions that contributes to india's economic growth and prosperity through transformational change.
- Explains that zuari investments limited is a member of both the national stock exchange (nse) and the bombay stock exchange (bse).
- Explains that a loan is an act of giving money, property or material goods to another party in exchange for future repayment of the principal amount along with interest or other finance charges.
- Explains that residential, commercial and/or industril properties can be accepted as collateral. lease rental discounting or lrd is a term loan which is offered to the lessor on the basis of discounted value of the rentals received from corporate clients.
- Explains that commercial loans offer on rental income derived as per the registered rent / lease agreement. properties marked as residential, commercial and/or industrial properties can be accepted as collateral.
- Explains that zuarimoney caters to the customer's real estate investment requirements with specialized services related to property purchase, documentation, assisting investors with loans, etc.
- Explains that life insurance provides financial security to the family to deal with the aftermath of any unseen unfortunate events.
- Explains that health insurance benefits can be availed either by reimbursement or cashless for expenses incurred from illness or injury to the insured.
- Explains that an investor has various alternative options of investment for his savings to flow to. savings kept as cash are barren and do not earn anything.
- Explains that the government or investor formulates the policy for the systematic functioning, based on investible funds, objectives, and knowledge about the investment alternatives and market.
- Analyzes macro-economic factors such as gdp, savings &investment, inflation, interest rates, budget, tax structure, balance of payment, industry analysis, and company analysis.
- Explains that a portfolio is constructed to meet the investor's goals and objectives. diversification is the reduction of risk in the loss of capital and income.
- Explains that a portfolio manager evaluates his portfolio performance and identifies the sources of strengts and weaknesses to evolve better management strategy.
- Explains that they can evaluate every transaction, whether a security is brought or sold, or whether it has been worthwhile to include it in their portfolio.
- Explains that the portfolio must be continuously reviewed and revised depending on the objectives of the investor. fluctuations in equity prices cause substantial gain or loss to the investors.
- Defines portfolio management as a decision-support system designed to meet the multi-faced needs of investors.
- Explains how to frame the investment strategy and select an investment mix to achieve the desired investment objectives. to provide a balanced portfolio which not only can hedge against inflation but also optimize returns with the associated degree of risk.
- Opines that capital markets have given an excellent return when compared to other forms of investment. the indian stock market is very complicated.
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Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines
explanatory essay
Photovoltaic Rural Electrification Possibilities in Indonesia and the Philippines With energy demands outpacing the growth in energy supply in rural areas of the developing world such as Indonesia and the Philippines, traditional electricity sources and structures will not be able to address many problems with current systems of rural electrification. Both Indonesia and the Philippines have large rural populations which are scattered over huge geographic distances that contribute in large part
In this essay, the author
- Opines that photovoltaic electricity systems as pre-electrification in rural areas where satisfactory grid supplies are not likely to be available within the next 10-15 years can help alleviate burdens on the electricity sectors.
- Explains the need for alternative electricity sources in indonesia and the philippines. the structure of the electricity sector, rural and urban consumption and supply disparities, below cost pricing, and environmental issues underscore the burdensome conventional rural electrification programs.
- Estimates that by 2010 the current level of demand for energy in developing countries will more than double and will account for almost 40% of world energy demand, due to both population growth and economic growth.
- Opines that photovoltaic electricity systems as pre-electrification in rural areas where satisfactory grid supplies are not likely to be available within the next 10-15 years can help alleviate burdens on the electricity sectors.
- Explains the need for alternative electricity sources in indonesia and the philippines. the structure of the electricity sector, rural and urban consumption and supply disparities, below cost pricing, and environmental issues underscore the burdensome conventional rural electrification programs.
- Estimates that by 2010 the current level of demand for energy in developing countries will more than double and will account for almost 40% of world energy demand, due to both population growth and economic growth.
- Analyzes how the household sector demand for commercial energy has grown faster over the past 20 years than total energy demand.
- Explains that electricity supply has not been able to keep up with the rapidly growing demand and has led to power shortages and low quality supplies, among other negative effects.
- Explains that the disparity between urban and rural consumption and supply contributes to the inefficiencies of the energy supply sectors in both indonesia and the philippines.
- Explains that as incomes rise, demand grows for improved lighting, small appliances, pumped drinking water, refrigeration of vaccines, crop processing and other things on the household, community, and commercial levels.
- Explains that electricity is more than a luxury item; it is important for essential social amenities, economic development, and environmental protection.
- Explains the role and importance of electricity in the evolution of energy demands in rural areas. radios and torches can make a significant improvement in living standards.
- Argues that despite the high economic and financial costs and poor quality of supplies, people are consuming current supplies of electricity. however, existing conventional rural electrification programs are too slow compared with population and economic growth.
- Explains that indonesia and the philippines have not been able to mimic the typical evolution of industrialized countries' power supply industries.
- Compares indonesia's state-owned power company and the philippines' national power corporation, which generates electricity, buys power from independent power producers, and operates the high voltage grid.
- Argues that a system of prices or charges that allows the utilities and providers involved to recover an appropriate part of the costs from users is important to ease the burden of rural electrification programs on the governments' budgets.
- Explains that economic efficiency, income distribution, and revenue generation may not be possible because there may be a trade-off between incresing revenue and improving income
- Explains that electricity demand is great and increasing rapidly, so households would be willing to participate, while economies of scale in large scale production makes cost recovery possible.
- Argues that cost recovery is essential for running a profitable and beneficial utility system and that the users should pay costs.
- Explains that rural electrification programs are not a new concept in either country and have been making progress, although slow progress.
- Explains that the philippine re program followed a similar pattern. the nea operated on 5 year plans, electrifying areas based on funds, the chances for financial and technical viability, and feasibility studies.
- Explains that it is difficult to assess the efficiency of re programs in both countries, but it can be said that high grid losses, especially in rural distribution, spilled over into the entire system, leading to poor utility profitability.
- Explains the environmental consequences of projected changes in the electricity sector. as demand for electricity grows and drives structural/institutional changes, more fuel will be required to generate greater production capacity.
- Explains that indonesia and the philippines are likely to increase coal use dramatically for electricity production. indonesia has large reserves of coal and gas as well as geothermal prospects.
- Opines that increased emissions due to increased coal use would generate problems on the local, regional, and global levels.
- Explains that indonesian and philippine governments put a lower priority on environmental issues than on general economic development, but worsening conditions of capital cities in both countries have increased government awareness of environmental risks.
- Explains that conventional rural electrification may not be the best option economically, socially, or environmentally. the indonesian government has outlined the objectives of economic efficiency, financial resource mobilization, equality and fairness, and environmental protection.
- Explains that pv systems have many advantages for their appropriate application in rural areas of the developing world including cost recovery potential, reliability as technology improves, and major environmental and social benefits.
- Explains that the cost of pv systems can be broken down into capital costs and operating and maintenance costs.
- Explains that pv systems suitable for small loads would be more cost effective than conventional systems. they require less maintenance and no refueling than diesel generators or even grid supplies, resulting in low life-cycle costs.
- Explains that early pv projects in the field were unreliable and obtained a bad reputation, but many of the problems revolved around misjudging repair and maintenance needs, lack of information provided to system users, and inappropriate uses.
- Explains that solar-powered pv systems have several environmental and social benefits that are difficult to match. the energy source is free and abundant, especially in high-insolation areas like indonesia and the philippines.
- Identifies the niche of pv systems to be in places where satisfactory grid supplies are not available and will not be for 5-10 years. indonesia and the philippines represent an ideal place for pv implementation.
- Explains that the major barrier to implementing pv's is the shortage of domestic capital and the difficulty developing countries like indonesia or the philippines have encountered looking to outside sources of funding and financing for energy development projects.
- Opines that the market for pv use in re is potentially huge and should be attractive to private companies where the industry is burgeoning, like the us.
- Explains that there are two ways of affordably funding pv systems: first, the user can buy the system and then lease it to third parties that own and maintain the equipment. the banpres project in indonesia is an ambitious government assisted pv prototype program.
- Opines that even with the financing and funding promises of prototype programs, future problems still remain. the government must overcome political pressures to price below cost to alleviate burdens.
- Explains the ultimate objective of conventional rural electrification is to unify the country in integrated grids to bring economies of scale in generation, distribution, and management. pv systems for rural households in indonesia and the philippines would alleviate some of the burden of cross subsidies.
- Opines that to take advantage of the economic, social, and environmental promises of photovoltaics, governments need to continue reforming the structure of electricity sectors.
- Explains how photovoltaic devices convert photons into volts of electricity, but the process of producing power by creating the effect with a pv cell didn't become commercially common until the 1950s.
- Explains that electrical contacts are attached at the front and back of the cell to connect the electron flow to an electrical circuit.
- Identifies photovoltaic semiconductor materials, cell designs and manufacturing processes, with varying costs, efficiencies, and future potentials. cell efficiency measures the percentage of solar energy incident on the cell that is converted to electrical energy.
- Explains that other things can increase the efficiency of a system, such as concentrator systems that use lenses or reflectors to focus light on the cells, texturing the cell surface to reflect light back into it, coating it with an anti-reflective layer, minimizing flaws in the crystalline structure.
- Explains ahmed, kulsum. renewable energy technologies. world bank technical paper no. 240.
- Explains anderson, dennis, and kulsum ahmed, the case for solar energy investments, world bank technical paper no.279.
- Explains baum, warren c., and stokes m. tolbert, investing in development: lessons of world bank experience.
- Explains foley, gerald, photovoltaic applications in rural areas of the developing world, world bank technical paper no. 304.
- Explains the international energy agency's energy prices and taxes, quarterly statistics, first quarter, 1999.
- Explains that sandia national laboratories. "life cycle costing." photovoltaics.
- Explains the u.s. department of energy's "village power '97 proceedings." photovoltaics 1996-1997.
- Explains the u.s. department of energy's photovoltaics program.
- Cites u.s. congress, office of technology assessment, fueling development: energy technologies for developing countries, ota-e-516.
- Cites cordukes, peter a. submission and evaluation of proposals for private power generation projects in developing countries.
- Cites darrow, ken, appropriate technology sourcebook: a guide to practical books for village and small community technology.
- Describes flavin, christopher, and nicholas lenssen's power surge: guide to the coming energy revolution.
- Explains hersch, paul. basic photovoltaic principles and methods. golden, co: technical information office, solar energy research institute.
- Explains ishiguro, masayasu, and takamasa akiyama's energy demand in five major asian developing countries.
- Explains kleindorfer, paul r. ed. energy, environment, and the economy: asian perspectives.
- Explains sharma, shankar, and fesharaki, eds. energy market and policies in asean.
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Essay On Intermodal Transport
explanatory essay
Abstract Intermodal transportation is the use of multiple mode of transportation system (road - rail) during a one way journey. The project was to create the concept of intermodal personalized urban mobility vehicle and suitable transportation system envisioned as a collaborative private public network that can benefit future transportation and provides flexibility in personal transit. The main objectives was to reduce the travelling stress of the daily commuters by providing maximum comfort with
In this essay, the author
- Explains that india is the second largest country in terms of population and has ten metropolitian cities. day by day road traffic and accidents are getting increased.
- Explains that the growing urban population of india is engaging in a variety of economic activities in rapidly expanding cities, which are, therefore, encountering fast escalations in urban travel demand.
- Opines that growth in both economic activity levels and population tends to result in surges of people moving into nearby cities, thus creating larger conglomerates and megacities.
- Explains that india is the second largest country in terms of population and has ten metropolitian cities. day by day road traffic and accidents are getting increased.
- Explains that the growing urban population of india is engaging in a variety of economic activities in rapidly expanding cities, which are, therefore, encountering fast escalations in urban travel demand.
- Opines that growth in both economic activity levels and population tends to result in surges of people moving into nearby cities, thus creating larger conglomerates and megacities.
- Opines that an ‘avoid, shift and improve’ approach is cost effective to reach 2ds objectives. both developed and developing countries need to find solutions that respond to rising travel demand and its consequences for urban life and the urban economy.
- Explains that regional inputs on transport policies, existing and potential developments in both fuels and technologies, and major driving forces and critical uncertainties were all examined and combined into two distinct transport scenarios, "freeway" and "tollway."
- Explains that modal data is limited in most countries but is critical to analysis of transport sector trends and potential.
- Explains that the its system has a good amount of planned investments, and the benefits of it are discussed below.
- Explains that the above menthoned technologies can be applied in all modes of transport like roads, public transport, road safety, freight, waterborne transport and aviation.
- Describes private mobile networks and network services dedicated to road transport operators (pmr/pamr, dsrc, cooperative driving, vehicleto-vehicle and vehicle-to infrastructure technologies).
- Explains gps based; cellular networks; automatic identification devices, in case of fixed routes.
- Describes the parking facilities at palika bazar, including electronic parking guidance and vms smart cards.
- Explains that the city police have envisaged a bangalore traffic improvement plan which is popularly known as b-trac scheme.
- Describes ipita as a solution that aims to optimize intermodal travel planning, booking, and navigation, using real-time maps and geo-specific information.
- Opines that the limitations on manual interaction due to driver distraction and complexity of menus call for a voice solution.
- Analyzes how the following study illustrates the impact of the smart phone usage during driving and the problems they face to use it.
- Explains that 40% of smartphone owners in western europe read and write at least one sms while driving per day.
- Explains that more than two-thirds of smartphone owners in the us and western europe currently use navigation and mapping applications on their smartphone.
- Explains that 66% of smartphone owners in western europe and 78% in the us use navigation or mapping apps in their vehicles.
- Explains that 32% of smartphone owners in the us and 28% in western europe use social networking applications in their vehicles.
- Explains that connectivity is growing in importance as a driver of purchase intent, but connectivity in cars is still in its infancy.
- Explains that consumers want their smart phones to integrate with their connected cars, rather than purchase an additional technology ecosystem.
- Opines that connected cars need tech support. automotive brands need to treat their cars like smart phones on wheels.
- Argues that cities should improve the sustainability of their transport networks to create more vibrant, livable, sustainable cities.
- Explains that sustainable urban mobility is essential for: guaranteeing citizens a high quality of accessibility and life.
- Explains that traffic in urban areas is causing congestion, which costs citizens and businesses.
- Describes the benefits of increasing the average speed of public transport buses — bus priority lanes, direction oriented services, and brt systems.
- Explains the use of metro rail, monorail, and commuter rail services to move large sections of urban population to suburban areas.
- Describes the benefits of improving sidewalks by integrating hawkers and vendors who have occupied the side walks.
- Explains that today’s travel and transportation environment is clearly overburdened. bangalore is in 6th position which is take for this project.
- Explains that bangalore's vehicular growth is attributed to the huge use of 2-wheelers. between 2005-2008, 7.5 lakh new 2 wheelers were added.
- Explains that european engineers began tinkering with motor powered vehicles in the late 1800's. electric cars were popular, but they didn't stay in production past the first decade of the 20th century.
- Explains that the fourth group comprises the opponents of electric cars. they are from japan and denmark.
- Explains that the spread of environmentally-friendly cars is still hindered by the lack of publicly available charging points.
- Explains that almost every major vehicle manufacturer, supplier, and technology company has announced projects or collaborations around the autonomous vehicles theme.
- Explains that the transition to autonomous vehicles (avs) will take place in several steps. they are not expected to be part of everyday life before 2035.
- Opines that the car of the future could learn from auto piloted planes and trains that all but drive themselves. simulating or copying the human brain by means of artificial intelligence is not enough.
- Explains that intermodal transportation system consists of at least 2 different modes of transportation during door-to-door journey.
- Explains that amphibious car and flying car satisfy the word intermodal, whereas foldable cycle is just a part of an intermodal system.
- Explains that there are 2 million members worldwide in car sharing programs and membership is expected to reach over 12 million by 2020.
- Explains that the bike-bus is an articulated bus equipped with two separate compartments, one for passengers and another for bicycles. it is being used in portugal.
- Explains that social networking is being implemented in vehicles. last year, apple announced plans for integrating its mobile operating system, ios, into cars.
- Explains that ultrasonic parking sensors that bleep when approaching a wall, and rear-facing cameras are common.
- Explains that infrared sensors can see beyond the car's headlights and give you advanced warning of pedestrians or animals in the road.
- Explains that cameras can recognise and'read' speed limit signs to give you extra information about local speed limits.
- Explains that rollover prevention devices apply brakes and modulate throttle as needed to help maintain control.
- Explains that spatial exclusion occurs in low-density areas where public transport services are not operated because they aren't profitable.
- Explains that temporary exclusion is related to problems faced by people travelling early or late in the day when public transport services do not exist or are infrequent.
- Explains personal exclusion, which refers to constrained use and access to travel of certain groups of people due to specific characteristics (disability, age).
- Explains how user cantered, taking into account users’ needs, priorities, data flows, and dynamic responses to conditions.
- Explains that integrated, so that users can easily move from point a to point b, regardless of mode, service provider, or time of day.
- Explains that ultrasonic parking sensors beep when approaching a wall, and rear-facing cameras are quite common. side-view cameras, mounted in the front bumper or wing, will give you clear view up and down the road.
- Explains that infrared sensors can see further than the car's headlights and give advanced warning of pedestrians or animals in the road. warm bodies show up white against a cold dark background.
- Explains that cameras can recognise and'read' speed limit signs to give you extra information about local speed limits. cameras might be able to read other signs as well.
- Explains that airbags are essential in helping prevent injuries and death, especially in frontal collisions.
- Explains that wearing a seat belt is the best protection available to drivers and passengers.
- Explains that rollover prevention devices apply brakes and throttle as needed to help maintain control.
- Explains that enhanced accident response system (ears) turns on interior lighting, unlocks doors, and shuts off fuel when air bags deploy.
- Explains that the rate of car ownership is increasing almost everywhere, and is predicted to rise very rapidly in countries such as china and india.
- Explains that buying a car is typically major and there are various financial schemes to facilitate the purchase.
- Explains that deliveries allow the driver to adapt the vehicle quickly to suit both busy traffic.
- Explains that adam schacter cargo concept car has three standard configurations: compact mode for busy city use, constricted mode with banking corner action and pick-up mode.
- Explains that electric cars are a variety of electric vehicle (ev). low-speed electric vehicles are plug-in electric-powered micro cars or city cars with limitations in terms of weight, power and speed.
- Explains that while an electric car's power source is not explicitly an on-board battery, electric cars with motors powered by other energy sources are generally referred to by a different name.
- Explains that mahindra's recent slash on the purchase price of its electric car (e2o) to rs. 4.99 lakhs and the increasing inflation in the cost of vehicle fuel have positively altered the price attractiveness of the electric vehicles.
- Argues that the recent purchase price drop for the e2o has better positioned the car to compete with other alternatives in the indian market. however, the relative inflation of petrol vs.
- Explains how the cost of driving a car in india is compared in figure 3.2.
- Explains the cost of one battery or battery service over 4 years and cost of petrol (@current prices).
- Explains that users of reva report that electric cars have minimal engine maintenance costs compared to petrol vehicles in india. mahindra has also launched two new service innovations to ease customer concerns around electric charging.
- Argues that mahindra is the best placed in the indian market to set up a complete electrified transport service that is relatively independent of government support.
- Opines that the lack of charging stations in bangalore is one of the biggest reasons for people interested in electric vehicles shelving the idea. mahindra reva plans to launch 'quick2charge' stations across bangalore by the year end.
- Explains that each quick2charge charging station will take rs. 3.5 lakhs to set up, which is not an obscenely high capital cost. the cost could be recovered through premiums embedded in mahindra’s energy service.
- Explains that 20 quick2charge stations are expected to come up in the city, primarily built for charging mahindra’s electric hatchback e2o.
- Explains quick2charge stations are popular in europe and plans to launch one station on the bangalore-mysore highway.
- Explains that the global ev outlook represents the collective effort of seven years of primary data gathering and analysis from the electric vehicle initiative’s 16 member governments.
- Opines that battery costs for phevs and electric vehicles must drop rapidly toward usd 300/kwh in order to bring vehicle costs to competitive levels.
- Explains that ev/phev sales must reach substantial levels by 2015, and rise rapidly thereafter, in order to achieve 2050 co2 reduction targets.
- Compares the final energy consumption with the blue map scenario, which shows the reduction in consumption of conventional diesel and gasoline fuels which is promising in fulfilling the emission reduction scenario for 2050.
- Argues that speed and reliability will have a major impact on the ability to deliver humanitarian aid.
- Explains that re-configurability means to change the structure of the product or a vehicle to use the vehicle.
- Explains that flexibility is the property of a system that allows it to be easily changed for different purposes.
- Explains that a given consignment may involve several vehicle trips as it moves within the transport chain, while another vehicle may run empty without carrying any goods.
- Explains that a vehicle can be said to be maximum efficient, it should be loaded at its maximum.
- Explains that the re-configurability can increase the size of the vehicle and maximum efficiency can be obtained at small and large size.
- Opines that heavier loads are more likely to move when the vehicle is in motion due to their kinetic energy.
- Explains the composition of the loads to be carried especially if full use is made of permitted loads.
- Recommends adapting the best possible options for securing the cargo such as tying it with rope.
- Explains that data collection has been done through questionnaire survey and ethnography study. qfd is created to analyse the required features and bench marking is done to compare our product with other similar products.
- Explains the concept of intermodal personalized urban mobility vehicle and suitable transportation system envisioned as a collaborative private public network that can benefit future transportation and provides flexibility in personal transit.
- Explains that team 6 will focus on solving a mobility problem, which will be buildable and theoretically produced for mass-production using current technology.
- Opines that the global transport sector can overcome the challenges of meeting global transportation demand in the context of the energy.
- Explains that transportation is one of the largest sources of greenhouse gas emissions. intelligent transport systems (its) and opportunities in national highway development programme (nhdp) in electronic toll collection (etc), traffic monitoring.
- Explains that by 2030, 7,400 kilometres of metros and subways need to be constructed – 20 times the capacity added in the past decade.
- Explains that by 2025, 90% of all newly sold cars will be able to communicate with other cars and infrastructure. m2m connectivity will play a vital role to plan multi-modal transportation.
- Explains that the european commission's sustainable urban mobility campaign, launched in july 2012, is a three-year initiative aimed at supporting sustainable urban mobility campaigners in 28 member states, plus norway, iceland, and liechtenstein.
- Explains that integration implies the ability to use the entire public transport system across a local or regional area independently of transport modes, tariffs, fares, scheduling, ticket systems, etc. non-integrated public transportation systems tend to neglect the needs of customers.
- Opines that traditional transport planning aims to improve mobility, especially for vehicles, and may fail to adequately consider wider impacts. the real purpose of transport is to provide access for the citizens to work, education, friends and family.
- Explains that megacities mean huge infrastructure and transportation problems so mass rapid transit system and good connectivity is very essential to avoid such problems.
- Explains india is one of the fastest growing countries in the automotive industry. it manufactures over 11 million 2 and 4-wheeled vehicles and exports about 1.5 million every year.
- Explains that urban mobility accounts for 40% of all co2 emissions of road transport.
- Explains the absence of integrated city development strategies and the need for integrated metropolitan land transport authority.
- Describes the strategies to handle traffic chaos of heterogeneous mix of bullock carts to volvo buses, and the need for integrated study for city’s traffic and transportation needs.
- Explains that bangalore's profile has changed drastically over the years and is now known as an it hub rather than a "garden city". deterioration of the air quality in bangalore is due to rapid increase in population and corresponding fuel consumption activities.
- Explains that bangalore contributes to 3.8 million vehicles, 89.32 % of total vehicles. they describe the investment of 33,786 cr in 56 sezs spread over 2,676 ha with an employment potential of 11,09,145.
- Opines that if change to car happens, fuel consumption will increase, which will lead to problems for the car owner as well as the environment and public budget.
- Analyzes how tüv rheinland analysed the mood of consumers in twelve major automobile countries.
- Argues that managements should consider different future mobility options such as electric mobility, biogas or fuel cell and their complementarities.
- Opines that avs offer several benefits once deployed, but the road to autonomous driving has a number of challenges that will need to be resolved to achieve sustainability in the future.
- Explains that congestion is one of the main mobility-related problems in urban areas.
- Explains that motorization has increased the demand for parking space, energy conception, and maintenance costs. cities with aging transport infrastructure are facing high maintenance cost and pressure to upgrade to modern infrastructure.
- Explains how services like real-time ridesharing and car sharing are helping urbanites get around without owning a car. new apps are allowing commuters to compare the time, cost, convenience, carbon footprint and health benefits across all modes of public and private transport.
- Opines that the iea roadmap's goal is to achieve a combined ev/phev sales share of at least 50% of ldv sales worldwide by 2050.
- Explains the ghg reductions and ev/phev penetrations displayed here are based on the iea etp blue map scenario, which targets an aggressive 50% reduction in co2 worldwide by 2050.
- Explains that space congestion in urban roads can be effectively solved by the use of reconfigurable vehicles.
- Opines that the design and construction of the vehicle and its bodywork should be suitable for the loads that it is likely to carry.
- Opines that calculations should account for the load itself and any extra forces due to the loading method, e.g., the use of forklift trucks on the floor during loading.
- Explains that when a vehicle is to carry small loose items, the bodywork should be higher than the load and be strong enough to prevent any part from breaking through.
- Explains that electric cars are a variety of vehicles that use electric motors for propulsion. low-speed electric vehicles are plug-in electric-powered micro cars or city cars with limitations in terms of weight, power and speed.
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