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Culture and language. How important is it
Culture and language. How important is it
Culture and language. How important is it
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2.1 Introduction
This chapter presents an extensive review of the literature relevant to the area of communicative language teaching (CLT) which is widely accepted as one of the most influential and modern teaching methods in teaching English, lingua franca, around world and it is an approach which preponderantly highlights ‘communicative competence’. Communicative language teaching starts with a concept of language as communication, and its major goal is to develop students’communicative competence. Hence, CLT performs functions like an umbrella to describe learning sequences which aim to develop the students’ abilities to communicate. Larsen Freeman (2000) mentions that the most obvious characteristics of CLT is that almost everything is
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However, teachers should choose appropriate methods and resources according to the needs, learning styles of learners and their preferences. The underlying theories, objectives, materials, roles of teachers and learners and techniques are presented in each approach and method. Each of the method will be handled in detail respectively and separately.
2.6.1 Grammar Translation Method
The ‘Grammar Translation Method’ firstly appeared in the United States introduced as ‘Prussian method’. Between 1840s and 1940s, it was widely used in all over the world and its modified form continues to be used. The characteristics of the Grammar Translation Method were: (J. Richards & S. Rodgers, 1986, p. 2)
• The goal of foreign language study is to learn a language in order to read its literature and benefit from the intellectual development that result from foreign language study. GTM approaches the language through analysis of its grammar rules, by translating sentences and texts into and out of target language. In order to understand the morphology and syntax of the target language, memorizing rules and facts are important.
• Reading and writing are the major focus, no systematic attention is paid to speaking and listening.
• The sentence is the basic unit of language practice. Translating is the focus of the
Provides students with culturally appropriate learning experiences, opportunities for continued use of the first language, and experiences designed to promote the learning and effective use of a second language
Translation is an operation of translating language, sentences, or text from one language (Source Language) into any other language (Target language). In translating a text, there are many translation methods can be applied. They are free translation, semantic translation, idiomatic translation, and any other methods. Furthermore, every single method has different characteristics. Moreover, when students are going to interpret a text, they possess their own thinking to apply the methods of translation. One of the methods that occasionally applied in translating a text is the literal translation. Literal translation can be regarded as the basic skill in translation. Literal translation is designed to translate the original adequately, keeping the original message, form, structure and so on. Therefore, some students are inclined of using literal translation when they are starting to interpret a text.
The aim of this essay is to examine the reasoning behind selecting the language objectives and materials for one upper intermediate adult class of English as a foreign language. Firstly, it will be discussed why and how the materials were chosen. Secondly, the language aims will be analysed and some potential problems will be examined. Finally, this essay will identify some theoretical approaches considered when planning the lesson.
The National Curriculum Framework 2005 includes the section Learning to Read and Write under the head Language and thus it is important to analyze briefly how early literacy as a part of language education in schools has been dealt with in the NCF. It says that speech, listening, reading and writing are the four communicative skills (NCF, 2005, p.40) essential for children to succeed in school. Instead of making the students sit quietly in classrooms, their speech should be looked upon as a way of expression and group-discussions among them should be encouraged. Listening ability teaches them to be attentive, respect each other’s opinions and interpret what is being said in different ways. Folklores and music can be used to make the compositions interesting for the students to listen.
...conceptualization of second language acquisition is to accentuate the importance of the social and cognitive aspects of student’s abilities to learn another language. Principles of language acquisitions are to set a foundation for one to achieve learning a second language. Once the principles of learning a second language are applied to students understanding, the finishing product will thrive.
Studying a language whatever it is needs time and effort. Jim and Brian are good example of people who study Arabic language as a foreign language although it is unusual in their society because they found motivations to pursue a degree in Arabic. We, as English and Arabic learners, agree that motivation is the master key to master a language.
Laberge (2003) says that teaching is the process of imparting skills, knowledge, attitudes and values. It can also be considered as a cyclical process of instilling, transmitting or constructing knowledge. It basically involves several kinds of skills, classroom management, selecting and adapting suitable materials, evaluating and assessing students. It is somehow interrelated with developing good learning process. Encarta (2009) defines learning as the acquisition of knowledge or skills. It is involves in acquiring new competences. In order to achieve good teaching and learning developmental process, both teachers and students play vital role throughout the lesson. One of the major concerns in ensuring successful classroom is the suitable approach or appropriate methodologies used in class by teachers. As we all know, learners have their own learning style. In order to assess learners well, a good and suitable teaching approach is important so that the learning objectives are achievable.
The increasing impact of globalization has, in recent years, caused a significant shift in the goals of foreign language education from communicative competence to a requirement for intercultural communicative competence (Byram, 1997). He defined intercultural competence as the ability to establish and maintain relations with members of other culture but not necessarily linked to foreign language proficiency while intercultural communicative competence implies that the learner can do this in a foreign language (Helm & Guth, 2010). However, in a traditional language classroom, the focus of language teaching is to develop reading, writing, speaking, and listening skills. If the focus on language teaching is to improve this set of
Thought out our lives, we are faced with many different learning experiences. Some of these experiences have made a better impact than others. This can be attributed to everyone’s different multiple intelligences or learning styles. A persons learning style is the method though which they gain information about their environment. As a teacher, it is our responsibility to know these styles, so we can reach each of our students and use all of the necessary methods.
Language is a greater medium of communication. Learning a language cannot be imposed on the learners who have inhibitions and no experience. This seems to be an instruction in the second language teaching and not a way in imparting education and a method in teaching a communicative language. It is understood that language cannot be instructed in the Second Language classroom. It has to be reviewed to make them effective and learner friendly.
All methods in language teaching are a pre-designed set of description of how the teacher should teach the learner and how the learner should learn obtain from a specific theory of language and a theory of language learning. These theories are attain from the parts of linguistics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics and are the origin of theory and applying in language teaching. Language teaching methods is divided into many methodologies. For example: The Direct Method, Grammar-Translation Method, Audio-Lingual Method, Total Physical Response, Audio-Lingual Method, The structural Method etc. Each method has its own rules, history, and different from one another. For example: The direct method was the reply to the disapproving with the
In this course I experienced an important change in my beliefs about teaching; I came to understand that there are many different theories and methods that can be tailored to suit the teacher and the needs of the student. The readings, especially those from Lyons, G., Ford, M., & Arthur-Kelly, M. (2011), Groundwater-Smith, S., Ewing, R., & Le Cornu, R. (2007), and Whitton, D., Barker, K., Nosworthy, M., Sinclair, C., Nanlohy, P. (2010), have helped me to understand this in particular. In composing my essay about teaching methods and other themes, my learning was solidified, my knowledge deepened by my research and my writing skills honed.
It is necessary to draw a distinction between foreign language and second language learning. According to (Wisniewski, 2007), a language lear...
The issue focused on importance of learning of foreign languages. Many people ask "Why should I learn foreign languages?" Learning a foreign language takes assiduity and free time. In order to understand this importance we need first to understand benefits of knowing and learning foreign languages. I offer several groups of these benefits below, which may help to convince you to take the plunge, if you need such persuasion. One groups of benefits represent economic and practical reasons, others have intellectual and even sentimental content, but whatever reasons you choose, you will have a clear idea of why learning foreign language so important and how it can help to motivate you in your studies.
Language education in the globalised 21st century is an onerous task. There has been a paradigm shift in the learning of the language with numerous professional fields with its own set of vocabulary being established. This has entailed the inclusion of various words and grammatical forms that has brought about a transition in the language.