INTRODUCTION
This class is an A1 class. At this level, in terms of speaking and listening, common skills of the students include understand basic instructions or take part in a basic factual conversation on a predictable topic. In terms of reading, students can understand basic notices, instructions or information. In writing, Students can complete basic forms, and write notes including times, dates and places. Students can learn better and more quickly using an integrated approach utilizing all four modalities. The four modalities are classified into receptive language, reading and listening, and productive language which includes writing and speaking. (1) (ITTO, Teaching English as a Foreign Language, 2016, Pg 122.)
CLASSROOM APPROACHES
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Spoken language is immediately transmitted and can usually uses improvised speech and often a stream-of-consciousness. Spoken language can be subject to accents, informal speech, slang and idioms. The spoken word depends on immediate feedback. Speaking activities will include the exercises presented in appendix 2.
Written Activities Features of written language include that the language is more fixed and stable, while it is detached from time and space it is usually more clearly formulated. Written language is slower to write with re-writes, spell check and grammar checks. The language of written speech is more formal and is important for specific types of communication. Feedback for writing is usually provided later and often in written form. (6)
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It can be used in a variety of scenarios and tailored according to specific grammar or vocabulary points that you’ve been reviewing in class.
The basis of investigative journalist is for students to interview one another in pairs and present their findings. It can be used for groups at all skill levels from beginning to advanced, as long as you tailor it to their levels.
Beginners may do a simple version, asking their partners about their family structure, favorite colors and foods, pets and hobbies. Intermediate students could use investigative journalist to practice past tense structures by asking about their interlocutor’s childhood. Advanced students might benefit from a murder mystery version of the game, where each student is assigned a character to play and the game concludes with the “murderer” being discussed out as a result of the questions.
Students will get into groups and will take turns reading paragraphs of the text. This will enable them to adapt speech to a variety of contexts and tasks, demonstrating command of formal English when indicated or appropriate. (Language standards 1,3 for 9-10th grade ELA)
Pages 261- 267. doi: 10.1016/j.pec.2011.10.006. Cameron, D. (2001). The 'Case Working with spoken discourse and communication. London: Thousand Oaks & Co. Carson, C., & Cupach, W. (2000).
English language learners are at different levels of proficiency. Listening, reading, verbal, and writing skills of ELLs will require a variety of instructional levels to meet their varied needs. Understanding the knowledge, skills, and abilities of the learners, will enable the teacher to develop lesson plans that meet and challenge the skill levels of each student. Writing is one of the most productive activities for ELLs (Saville-Troike, 2012). Writing is a common method for testing knowledge and is used frequently for academic
In the course of this class, we have discussed the differences between spoken and written language. And it has been generally agreed upon that spoken language is easier than written language. Yet, we seem to have agreed that it is necessary to have a strong grasp of spoken language before learning to write. This is the natural progression for children. They learn to talk first and then we move on to teaching them how to write. Keep this idea in mind. And I agree that spoken language is easier, in a conversational manner. We speak to our ...
English Language Learners range from Newcomers learning survival English and developing foundational literacy skills to Long-Term English Learners who have had 6 years or more of their education in English yet continue have significant language gaps. These students may speak English with little or no accent and still lack the vocabulary, grammar and grade level literacy to be successful in school. English language learners may remain silent in the classroom as they adjust to a new school, environment, and culture unless he is a native language comrade to interact with. The English language learners are concerned about decoding verbal and non- verbal communication as well as understanding the social culture framework of the school. Most of the time English language learners are observing during instruction, trying to repeat words used by others, memorizing simple phrases and sentences, tired by midday or be frustrated attending long lectures unaccompanied by visual and gestures, relying on first language translation used peer translation or bilingual dictionary, as the students begin to learner they become more involved in the classroom, they can respond non-verbally to commands, statements, and questions in simple form. As their oral comprehension increases, they begin to use simple word and phrases and may use English spontaneously. They can understand short conversation on a simple topic when reading students can understand a narrative text and authentic materials, although they will be below
Because of both language and classroom social skills can be learned from peers, it would be important to build a community of dynamic grouping and provide them to participate in a reading activity within a familiar classroom routine rather than pull out ELLs from the main classroom. Teacher’s underestimation of students’ ability to read and comprehend English text is very dangerous. Instead of focusing on surface features of language, teachers should respond to students at the level of idea and model the use of Standard English. Then, they will have confidence to express their idea in a conventional way.
Journalism has different fields whiten the profession. Investigative journalism is one of the field, it is the most dangerous and effortful field. Investigative journalism means discovering facts in order to find the truth. General reporting does not require more time and depth to research the same topic because it depends on deadline given by the editor. Its purpose is to inform citizens based on independent researched information.
Written discourse differs in many aspects from spoken discourse. In written discourse, there is no "Phonological resources to help you structure the information"(86). Also, in written discourse, there is no "opportunity for the addressees to interrupt and ask for clarification"(86). That is only the written text has to be clear, with careful wording following grammatical structure in forming sentences. In spoken texts, there are no sentence boundaries, so intonation is very important. However, sentences are incomplete, and ambiguous because of the shared background between the participants.
Teaching students a language that is foreign can really be challenging for students as well as for the teachers. The dynamic rule for implementing instructing in a diverse class to English-learners is to use resourceful life skills such as diligence, hard work and patience. There are also methods that are involved in teaching English as a second language that can be creative for the teacher, yet beneficial to the student. First building a strong foundation that is essential to English learners will promote the language acquisition process. To do this teacher’s should always start with preparation. Advance preparation is essential in order to provide necessary adaptations in content area instruction and to make content information accessible for second language lear...
One of the most important skills that second language learners are required to develop is writing. A student when learning a language apart from the L1 needs to be able to write in that particular language. Therefore it is crucial that the teacher will establish the main elements of the writing. Second language learners need to understand an amount of grammar and vocabulary before learning to write but once they have grasped them, teaching can begin. The teacher’s role is to provide the students with all the properties needed in order to write. However, the different approaches to teach second language writing have developed and increased drastically over the past years. There are four major approaches: the product, the process, the ‘post-process’, and genre approach. In this essay, I will develop a writing lesson consulting published materials using two of the above approaches: the product and process approach. As part of the writing lesson I will be explaining the approaches used, why I chose these particular ones and the teaching context.
Long, M, H. & Doughty, C, J. ( Eds.).(2009). The Handbook of Language Teaching. Blackwell Publishing Ltd.
English language has been rated as one of the most important international languages nowadays. It has been found at primary levels around the world. Teaching English as a foreign language is not an easy task and need a lot of hard work, especially for young learners. However, starting earlier is not the solution for producing better English speakers. EFL teachers of young learners have to follow some strategies and techniques to understand and teach young learners better. YL Students who aged 5-12 can not spend two or three hours sitting on chairs and listening to teachers lectures as adults do. They lose interest more quickly and less able to keep motivated on tasks for long time because these students have short attention spans and are easily distracted. YL Students will be usually learning very basic material but a skillful teacher has to design creative lessons that get students attention and participation during the class, such as moving around and speaking with one another. Interacting with each other improves their communication skills and even building confidence in using the language. In addition, young learners are generally very enthusiastic at this level about songs and games. In order to encourage everyone to participate, it is important to include your sessions with different types of songs and active games to make the lessons relaxed and fun. The teacher should be able to create different activities to encourage and activate students that everyone can enjoy learning in.
Suggestions have been made (DiPietro, as cited in DiPietro J. R., 1981) as to how the ESL/EFL teacher can provide diverse learner personalities with strategically oriented material. Students get the chance to practice discourses in classroom settings but not always in the same way that the learners will use in real-life interactions. This article proposes a categorization for different roles of English learners in the classroom. The author established three types of roles: social, emotive, and maturational. He believes that through a multidimensional model of dialogue, some exercises can be developed and implemented in the classroom to lead these second language learners to role play in simulated natural setting while acquiring knowledge of the grammatical structure of English.
The purpose of writing goes hand in hand with the development of the writing. A student must understand about what he is being asked to write. He must be able to ...
Speaking is a natural ability given to most reluctant individuals. Since the beginning of time, it has been assumed that we have a right to speak and use words, thus we naturally begin our development of language during the early stages of live. After years of grasping and perfecting our vocabulary and language, it seems unnecessary to study the purpose of our development. Why, then, should we study “oral communication?” There are many purposes, benefits, and institutions that branch from oral communication. Of course, communication is the basis of interaction with other individuals through the use of expressions and words; however, through studying oral communication, one can take the words and expressions being used and apply them to his or her own life. After all, the most effective and useful knowledge is applied knowledge.