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history of apple case study
executive summary of the history of apple
history of apple case study
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Commercialization of Personal Computers
The IBM 5150, IBM’s first personal computer was introduced in a marketing campaign that led to more than 25 million Americans owning computer by 1987 (Smith and Alexander 15). IBM focused on educating consumers on how personal computers could be used to transform lives. The introduction of various applications including word processing, spreadsheet and database management facilitated information management and this led to the acceptance of personal computers as a useful tool. IBM’s association with the personal computer grew and the company was able to combine that success with the marketing of their hardware and software. The marketing strategy used by IBM set the tone for Apple’s emergence in the commercial
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Celeco industries also introduced their Celeco Adam computer which sported the Z80 processor sound, graphics a daisy wheel printer, tapes for storage and slots for cartridge. IBM also shipped its IBM PCjr while Microsoft announced its Windows GUI for DOS.
Apple introduced its Macintosh with 512x342 monochrome graphics and a 7.8 MHz Motorolla 68000 processor and 128kB RAM. This was followed by the IBM PC/AT with 6 MHz 80286 processor, MS DOS 3.0, 1.2MB floppy drive storage and 256 kB RAM for a price of US$4,000.
In 1985 there were new releases from Atari and Commodore in the form of the Atari 130St and 520St and Commodore’s Amigo 1000 computer. Microsoft also shipped its Windows 1.0 operating system. Intel completed the development of its new 16 Megahertz 80386 processor while Compaq introduced its first computer with the 80836 processor.
In 1987 Apple introduced the Macintosh 11 and the Macintosh SE. BM also introduced its new the new Personal System/2 computer with VGA 256-color graphics, Operating System/2 and Micro Channel Architecture. The computer market got a break from new releases in 1988.
In 1989 the 25 Megahertz 486 processor was introduced by Intel. Apple also started shipping its Macintosh Portable computers.
Developments during the Period 1990 to
The Macintosh abbreviated as Mac, is the line of personal computers designed, developed and marketed by Apple Inc. In the beginning was an economic and domestic alternative to Lisa, an advanced business microcomputer, whose line of development was absorbed by the Macintosh line. The Mac ended up becoming the standard line of development of Apple computers, with the disappearance of the evolutionary line of the Apple II. The Macintosh 128K, named for its 128 KiB of RAM, was launched on January 24, 1984. It was the first personal computer to be marketed successfully that used a graphical user interface (GUI) and a mouse instead of the command line. Its technical characteristics revolutionized the computer industry in the mid-1980s, maintaining its evolutionary line of development to this day. The range of Mac products currently varies from
A year after being founded, Apple became incorporated in 1977 with Roland Wayne out of the picture. That very same year Apple showed their first prototype computer, the Apple II. The Apple II was an instant hit due to how different it was from almost anything else on the market, with new features such as color graphics. The success continued throughout the 70’s and all throughout the 80’s with the Macintosh computer selling quickly. Apple also offered one of the first ever laptop computers for sale in 1989, the Macintosh Portable. This laptop set the standard for the basic design principals of laptops we use today. After years of success and growing a customer base, Apple offered its IPO at twenty-two dollars per share, it is currently worth $561 at the time of writing. The 80’s was also a time for one of the most controversial events to ever occur at Apple, the firing of Steve Jobs. In 1985 the CEO of Apple, John Scully and Steve Jobs, the founder, found themselves in disagreement on many different things, mainly Steve’s tendencies to spend a lot of money on untested products. After a board of directors meeting, it was decided that Steve Jobs position was to be terminated, and Scully would remain...
Up to this time, computers were used mostly for large corporations and scientific use. Their vision was to create a ready-to-use computer for personal use. Only about 200 Apple I’s were sold, but when the follow on Apple II came along in the year 1977, consumers latched on and the product sold in the millions. With the Apple II, Jobs and Wozniak changed the way humans view computers. They were the first to show the world that computers could be a consumer item, and with this, the rise in digital consumption really started to take off. In 1984, Apple introduced the first Macintosh – the first mouse driven computer with a graphic interface. Not only was the Macintosh a technological advancement, but at 2500 dollars, it was the cheapest consumer option by far. This shows that at the beginning years of Apple, they were not a company that pushed for overhyped consumption of their products. Their purpose was to supply the average consumer with a groundbreaking product at a price they could afford. Furthermore, in the 1980’s, America had just begun an era of mass consumption. Ronald Reagan was inducted into office, and he immediately made tax cuts to help spurn economic development. People began to consume things like mad. Everything from cars to tv to houses, greed was good in the 1980’s and people would buy things to show status more than ever before. However, the typical computer
It was created by apple in california, in 1984. It cost 2,495 dollars and only had a 9 inch screen. It had little money compared to other computers but when the macintosh 2 came out it had more memory. It had 1mb of ram but could expand to 4. The computer was targeted toward students and workers. They finally stopped selling the computer in 1985. The macintosh was named after its creators, Jeff Raskin, favorite apple. It was a text based computer. It ran by clicking on pictures. It had a handle on it but also needed a carrying bag. Finally it was 16.5
to replace the IBM machine. In the 1960s and the 1970s IBM came out quickly and built a
In 1984, the same year that Compaq introduced a PC that included Intel’s new and more powerful 80386 class of microprocessors, beating IBM to market and Michael Dell began building IBM compatible computers in his college dormitory, Lenovo was form as a shop in a small concrete bungalow in Beijing with a mandate to commercialize the Academy’s research and use the proceeds to further computer science research.
Intel had been the only processor that could handle day-to-day functions at reasonable speeds. Such simple tasks as word processing and calculations, then later gaming and educational work, the processors were unable to perform. The Pentium processor was introduced in 1994; no company could compete with Intel at this point. It took until 1997, for AMD to even be noticed, and then later in 1997 the AMD k6 series was introduced.
Now on to the history of the microcomputer. The first commercially available personal computer was the Scelbi-8H that went on sale in March 1974. The machine was designed around the Intel 8008 microprocessor, a less powerful 8-bit design than the later 8080. A machine in kit form with 1K of memory sold for $440.00. About 200 of these machines were sold in kit form and assembled. Half were the Scelbi-8H hobby machines, the rest were Scelbi-8B business computers, which were released in April 1975, having as much as 16K of memory.
In 1985 the company produced (in China) the first computer of its own design (the "Turbo PC").
Unannounced to Jobs Hewlett admired his initiative and gave him a summer at HP assembling frequency counter. In 1975 the first apple computer was created and officially sold to the public. At the time Jobs and his business partners where...
In 1936 Konrad Zuse designed the Z1 computer, which was the first freely programmable computer. In 1942, John Atanasoff and Clifford Berry started the ABC Computer which was first in the computing business – although it was not always easy as ABC. In 1944, Howard Aiken and Grace Hopper invented the Harvard Mark 1 computer.
From 1980 to 1996, Apple’s competitive range in the PC industry was rocky. Although Apples products were unique and well built, they were overpriced compared to competing products from IBM and others. As competitor prices dropped, Apple prices stayed the same and the company saw a decline in sales as customers opted to purchase from its competitors. John Sculley, former CEO of Apple, took many steps to improve the company’s competitive advantage. One of those steps was to compete with price by producing a low-cost computers that appealed to a mass-market. The second step was to form an alliance with rivals IBM and Novel in order to create new operating systems and applications...
Apple Macintosh ,released in 1984, had the 8-MHz found at the core of it. It
In 1953 it was estimated that there were 100 computers in the world. Computers built between 1959 and 1964 are often regarded as the "second generation" computers, based on transistors and printed circuits - resulting in much smaller computers. 1964 the programming language PL/1 released by IBM. 1964 the launch of IBM 360. These first series of compatible computers. In 1970 Intel introduced the first RAM chip. In 1975 IBM 5100 was released. In 1976 the Apple Computer Inc. was founded, to market Apple I Computer. Designed to Stephen Wozinak and Stephan Jobs. In 1979 the first compact disk was released around 1981 IBM announced PC, the standard model was sold for $2,880.00.
In 1979 Intel released the 8088 processor. The 8088 was the very first processor to be used in the original IBM PC and XT personal computers. The 8088 was less cheaper than the 8086 because of the availability of 8-bit data bus supporting chips which were less expensive. Even though the 8088 was slower than the 8086 IBM decided to choose the 8088 for their IBM PC. The 8088 was available in speeds from 4.77MHz and 8MHz, it also used a 16-bit architecture and supported up to 1MB of RAM.