Comets
What is Cometography?
Cometography is a four-volume project I have been working on since the mid-1970s. Jump-started by comet Kohoutek of 1973-1974, I began researching comets and immediately found myself becoming more and more intrigued by them. It was fascinating to read about comets that unexpectedly split, brightened, or faded. There were also interesting stories concerning the discovery circumstances of some comets, as well as tales about how comets affected cultures.
As I continued reading I found that, back in 1967, the International Astronomical Union suggested that an up-to-date descriptive catalog of comets or "cometography" was needed. A committee was formed, but in 1970 it reported, according to the words of Brian Marsden, "that it would be very nice to have a cometography, but that the effort required to produce such a catalog was greater than the members of the committee could devote to it."
Thus began my inspiration to research and write Cometography, a set of books devoted to adequately presenting the details of every comet seen in recorded history.
The last complete work of this type was written by Alexander Guy Pingre. His two volumes, called Cometographie, were published in 1783 and 1784, but are now greatly out of date. Not only do they obviously lack the comets seen between 1784 and the present, but much of the original source material has been retranslated over the years, so that Pingre's work is now inaccurate in places. Since the time of Pingre, two other books have been published: Physical Characteristics of Comets, by S. K. Vsekhsvyatskii in 1958, and Comets: A Descriptive Catalog, by myself in 1984. Both of these books brought the 19th and 20th century comets to readers, but in a manner much more highly condensed than that of Pingre. They also only included those comets for which orbits had been computed. The vast portion of Pingre's work included comets for which orbits could not be determined, some of which have since been identified as previous, though poorly observed, appearances of Halley's comet, periodic comet Swift-Tuttle, and periodic comet d'Arrest. Cometography brings back the lesser observed comets, with the intention of providing all necessary details that might help future astronomers establish new comet identity links.
To aid in the accuracy of Cometography I have tried to avoid Pingre's books and the book of Vsekhsvyatskii.
Although the tornado of 10 June 1938 has been known about, at least anecdotally, within the scientific community since it was brought to light in 1939 by Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer, this potentially rich source of historic information has lain fallow. It is within this rich field of mobile, American thinking that we undertake this effort. A team of scientists with courage, brains, and even heart brought the resources to bear on the challenge.
There are many theories today the support the idea of animals having emotions. I personally believe that ducks have emotions. Many of the class readings such as “Yes, Animals Have Feelings” by Jonathan Balcombe, and Animals in Translation by Temple Grandin support the theory of animals having emotions. My definition of emotion is a state of mind that is based off internal or external circumstances. I started observing ducks to help support my idea the ducks have emotions. By using the readings and combining it with my observations I had a case for ducks having emotions. I am observing changes in behavior or actions that show emotions such as happiness, trust and caring. The article ‘Yes, Animals Have Feelings” by Jonathan Balcombe discusses
Halley’s Comet or Comet Halley is a comet who orbits earth every 74.5 years! This comet is also the most known comet ever to be documented! Halley is very interesting comet.
Sambanis, Nicholas. "Using Case Studies to Expand Economic Models of Civil War." Perspectives on Politics 2, no. 02 (2004). doi:10.1017/S1537592704040149.
Descartes continues the distinction in the Sixth Meditation, where he observes the body is by its nature divisible where the mind is completely indivisible. Descartes knows his body and mind are unified although, when something is cut off from the body such as an arm, nothing is lost from the mind. The body is a physical substance that can be described by quantitative qualities like size, shape and extension. Allowing for it to be divided into parts, for example a cake like the body has a certain size, shape and dimensions that can be divided into multiple smaller sizes. The mind is a qualitative substance that cannot be divided, such as smell; there cannot be half or a quarter of a smell. The mind is not an a corporeal or extended substance like the body therefore it is not capable of being divisible. Since the body and the mind do not share the same property of being divisible or indivisible the mind and body are distinctly different. Descartes claim for mind body dualism can be seen as false, I will argue that the m...
In the process of war the public skipped to the conclusion that all Japanese Americans were out to get them. The suspicion of a government takeover was on everyones mind. Paranoia led people into to thinking every single Japanese American was guilty, no matter if it was a child, a WWI veteran, or if they had ever even been to Japan. The suspicion did not end there, inducing temporary segregation, and the exploitation of japanese american’s human rights. Mass hysteria and racism influenced the government's actions towards the Japanese.
What exactly is the definition of Gatorade? According to dictionary reference, the exact definition of Gatorade is “a fruit-flavored drink esp. for athletes, designed to supply the body with carbohydrates and to replace fluids and sodium lost during exercise” (dictionaryreference.com). Gatorade has one of the most powerful brand images throughout the world and provides athletes with the chance to properly rehydrate themselves and give their body a better chance to recover while in athletic play, or even in the current day, Gatorade has produced products to prepare an athlete before competition as well as provide a post athletic event to give their bodies back what they lost in action.
The Greeks were very strong in their polytheistic beliefs. Polytheism is when someone believes in more than one god. In the Greeks case, there were an unbelievable amount but there were 12 main Olympian Gods. There are also plenty of minor gods that are still important in their lives. The Greek gods impacted the lives of the Greeks through their religion and beliefs. Many people don’t know the story behind the gods and how they came into “existence”. That is what you will learn from this report.
Much of the intellectual history of psychology has involved the attempt to come to grips with the problem of mind and body and how they interact.
To find the answer we performed an experiment. We decided to put the drinks to the test by exercising, and then seeing how well we shoot 10 free throws. But after we exercised we drank either Powerade or Gatorade. We would then collect data, analyze it, and ultimately find out which drink is more effective. When I finished working out on Day 1, I drank Gatorade. I made 8/10. On Day 2, I drank Powerade after exercising and shot 7/10. And since the results were very similar I decided I would exercise and shoot 10 more on Day 3. But instead of drinking a sports drink I just drank water. I made 7/10. This data was very interesting. It shows Gatorade improved performance more, but nothing really stood out. So unless you plan on running a marathon or other strenuous athletic tasks, it will not really matter if you drink Powerade or Gatorade. Our experiment even showed, no matter how many fancy sports drinks come out, water is always a very reliable option when it comes to regaining lost
Secondary emotions are not instant, but instead a conscious thought. They may be simple feelings or be a mix as more emotions join the fray, and they involve higher brain centers in the cebrbral cortex (Bekoff, 2007, p. 8). This could be true as to what was happening to the group of elephants in The Emotional Lives of Animals. Bekoff tells of a group of 14 elephants, that thrashed through a village looking for a group member that was missing. Thousands of people were forced to flee their homes although the member they were missing had fell into water and drowned, and some of the villagers had already buried it. The fact that the elephant was all ready buried suggests that time had passed, making thrashing of the village a reaction from a secondary emotion (Bekoff, 2007, p. 3). They may also come from more complex chains of
In society today there has been a lot of talk about animal intelligence and how they and we interact with them. Many pet owners believe that their pet is intelligent and compassionate, but some people and scientist don’t believe it's true. Well, I believe animals are intelligent and compassionate, but don’t have a sense of awareness of their actions.
Just like human, animals are able to evaluate the situations they are in, both consciously and subliminally, and then they react to the conditions. The reaction, through emotions, gives the animal the ability to give priority to certain actions like sacrificing themselves for the sake of others, or mourning. After deciding on which action to give priority to, they go through physiological changes like facial expressions, gestures and eventually, they take action depending on what they see fit. Using the example of sacrifice is yet another clear example that animals are emotional beings.