Colour Symbolism in The Great Gatsby

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According to the definition of symbolism in Holman’s A Handbook to Literature, “On the most literal level, a symbol is something which is itself and yet stands for or suggests or means something else.” In the The Great Gatsby, author F. Scott Fitzgerald uses colour symbolism to develop certain themes of the story. The colours white, yellow and blue are used to symbolize innocence, social corruption and the American dream. Once the significance of each of these symbols is established, their appearance in the story draws attention to the theme that they represent and helps to guide the reader’s understanding of the story.
One of the most prominent symbols Fitzgerald uses in the novel is the colour white to represent innocence. At a basic level, the author uses the symbol white to show that a character has done no wrong and is not guilty of any crime. When Gatsby and Nick are going to New York and are approached by a police officer because they are driving too fast, Gatsby takes “a white card from his wallet”(74) and shows it to the police officer. When he sees the card, the officer immediately pardons himself and decides that Gatsby isn’t guilty of speeding, giving him a free pass to innocence. Daisy Buchanan and Jordan Baker first appear in the story, “both in white”, “their dresses were rippling and fluttering.”(10) At this point in the novel they have yet to do anything wrong and are innocent and harmless characters. Later in the novel, Daisy reminisces about her “white girlhood”(22) spent in Louisville with Jordan. Still later, Jordan remembers when Daisy “was just eighteen”, a “young girl”, “she dressed in white, and had a little roadster”(80). Ironically, the two women wear white dresses again towards the end of the book a...

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...e East, almost if Gatsby was the fire of the American dream and his death extinguished the idea of it, only to leave an unobtainable smoke.
In The Great Gatsby, F. Scott Fitzgerald uses colour symbolism to support the themes of innocence, corruption in society and the American dream. White is used to symbolize various forms of innocence such as genuine innocence, pretend innocence, naiveté and lack of awareness. Moral emptiness, illegal activity, social pretense and corrupted social values in 1920s society are all symbolized by the colour. Fitzgerald uses blue as a symbol of the American dream especially Gatsby’s belief that anyone can be successful if they work hard enough. The use of colour symbolism strengthens the themes of The Great Gatsby by creating subtle associations between ideas that might have seemed forced had they been made at a more conscious level.

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