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colonialism in south asia
Imperialism and asia
Imperialism and asia
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French colonization played a huge role in the spread of communism in Vietnam, due to poor treatment. I’m writing about this topic because as Americans we know communism is wrong. Yet, I feel that it’s important for people to know why the Vietnamese people were communist and how it came about. French colonization lead to many rebellions in Vietnam. Since the Vietnamese people were in such a bad state and wanted to be liberated they turned to communism. The Vietnamese rebellions used communism to unite the people and push forth their rebellion.
The French’s began to colonize Vietnam in 1874. The Vietnamese people gave the French a hard time during the “Pacification Period.” During this time the French tried to gain control of Vietnamese rebel groups and the Chinese, who also wanted to obtain Vietnam. The French divided Vietnam into three different parts. The southern part of Vietnam included two regions called Cochinchina and Annam. The northern part of Vietnam included a region called Tonking. Most of the rebellions took place in Tonking and Annam. The French were in Vietnam because of Economic reasons but, Catholic missionaries also wanted to convert all the people of Asia to Catholicism. Also the French wanted to spread their culture within Vietnam and teach the Vietnamese people about French literature, language, and history. After this period of time France focused on modernizing Vietnam and bringing in rail roads, bridges, and highways. They also forced labor and taxed the Vietnamese people.
The Vietnamese people’s movement was very well coordinated during the Pacification period. The rebellion was not only led by court mandarins, but also by private scholars. The moral and military power of some of the rebel ...
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... lose their lives whether it’s the Vietnamese rebellions against the French or the Vietnam War. When nations try to colonize others countries, nations should come together and intervene. If people accept this idea we can avoid future wars. In today's world our main example of Imperialism is the Russians in Ukraine. Russia has troops not just in Crimea but other parts of Ukraine as well. President Obama is taking the non-violent approach and instead of using military action is sanctioning Russia. Many people believe the President's actions are weak and that force should be used. But, I would agree with the president violence must be avoided because Military force is not always the answer. My Idea is important to understand because humans can learn from history and try to not let events like France and Vietnam or Russia and Ukraine happen again in the future.
The results of the success of communism being implemented into Vietnamese society led the Vietnamese people to successfully defeat the French colonialists in the First Indochina War and unify Vietnam in the Second Indochina War. These victories symbolize how the effects of communism were able to bring people together based on their similarities. The ideologies of communism were appealing to all of the Vietnamese people because they were all suffering economically and politically from the French. Because of these appealing communist ideologies, Ho Chi Minh was able to bring the Vietnamese together on nationalistic and patriotic terms. Overall, although there were ideologies that came into play simultaneously as communism, it was Ho Chi Minh who successfully ushered in his Marxist Leninist ideology that allowed for Vietnam to unite and free Vietnam.
The French helped the Nguyen Dynasty rise to power in Vietnam with aim of centralizing power in the nation.
If those seeds were the seeds of revolution than the sower of the seed was France. It had a presence before the American Revolution in the British colonies and Vietnam was a French colony up until very recently at the time of the Vietnam War. In both cases France had recently vacated the territory and the result was revolution. In Vietnam the French had prevented the spread of communism and had the support of the United States. As author and historian John Green put it, “Why would we fight with the French to maintain a colonial empire? Oh right, because we were blinded by our fear of communism” (Green). It was the U.S. fear of the spread of communism that propelle...
Vietnam Research Project 1. Vietnam was a conflict that was originally fought by the French. They acted this way to follow the 'Truman doctrine' but by 1950, war had flared up again and America joined. In '54 Eisenhower had come up with the 'domino theory' as a justification for the involvement.
In the same vein, Zinoman in his forthcomong article, Nhân Văn–Giai Phẩm and Vietnamese “Reform Communism” during the 1950s: A Revisionist Interpretation, challenge a well established view about a NVGP movement, a surge of domestic political protest that peaked in the Democratic Republic of Vietnam during 1956 that takes its name from two incendiary journals – Nhân Văn [humanity] and Giai Phẩm [masterworks]. He points out that foreign scholars and local intellectuals who interested in NVGP affair succeed “in conveying a plausible image of NVGP as a robust movement of political dissent against the party-state” (Zinoman forthcoming 2011, 3). He argues that it caused from their narrow study upon a most dramatic statements of opposition of NVGP and failure to analyze, in any depth, the content of NVGP’s published writing (Zinoman forthcoming 2011, 4).
Most historians view the nature of the Vietnam War as rooted in the history of the French colonies in Vietnam and the growing ethnic, political, and economical division between Catholic and Buddhist Vietnamese. (Brigham, Robert, Hoffman, Kenneth)
After returning, Minh had help from the Vietminh; an organization of communist that wanted freedom from other countries. Their main goal was to turn Vietnam into a self-governed communist country. France wanted none of this non-sense. In 1945 they had moved back into southern Vietnam and ruled most of the cities. Ho Chi Minh swore to fight France to gain control of the whole country. U.S. promised to aid France, and sent almost $15 million worth of financial aid to France. The French fought for four years, being financially aided by the U.S. the whole time. The U.S. spent nearly one billion dollars in order to help France regain control of the tiny country. The only reason that much effort was put into a small area was the fear of the y. Domino Theory. The Domino Theory first showed it's head during a 1954 news conference by U.S. President Eisenhower. The domino theory is the fear of the spread of communism from one country to the next, and so on. Even with the assistance of the U.S. France could not gain the control it once had on Vietnam.
In April of 1956 the last remaining French troops would leave Vietnam. After over 200 years of influence and rule, the French at last realized that the occupation and control of Vietnam was an unreachable goal. In consideration of the many blunders (both militarily and political) , and the outright ignorance of the French high command, any efforts to stabilize Vietnamese nationalism and to maintain french rule over Vietnam were thwarted. Thus the French were defeated by an inferior force, and the question of how such an anomaly could occur lies within the 200 years of rule, and the many mistakes made through out way.
Peycam, Philippe. "From the Social to the Political: 1920s Colonial Saigon as a “Space of Possibilities” in Vietnamese Consciousness." East Asia Cultures Critique 21, no. 3 (Summer 2013): 496-546.
The French prioritized severing Vietnam’s historical and cultural ties with the Chinese in an attempt to smother any indigenous convocation and pride. The French also attempted to route out any ‘dangerous’ ideas and potential revolution through literature seeping into Vietnam from China. This was especially the case after the 1890s, when reformers Liang Ch’i-ch’ao and K’ang Yu-wei, and nationalists including Sun Yat-sen had published works geared toward solidarity and expulsion of foreign oppression. As a result, civil service exams which were highly Confucian in nature, were abolished. In lieu of a Confucian system, a French colonial education system was set up. This helped create a new generation of Vietnamese; those who would become French-speakers and writers, and ...
When Vietnamese revolutionary Ho Chi Minh and his political organization, the Vietminh, seized control of their independence from France United States Politicians saw it as another communist take over. When really Ho was more a nationalist than a communist. All Minh wanted was for the United States to recognize its independence from France and to send aid to help it reach its nationalistic goals. "Before the Cold War Ho and the Vietmin...
Oppression is perhaps the worst crime that man will ever inflict upon himself. Despite a tyrant's will, the fighting spirit of the oppressed never dies out. Oppression has the power to turn an average commoner into a force to be reckoned with. If you take a man's freedom from him he has nothing to lose, making him extremely dangerous. Since 248 A.D., this oppression plagued South East Asia by the French, the Chinese and others. At the end of World War II in August of 1945, the French were trying to re-establish control over their Indochinese colonies. This weak moment would be seized by Vietnam to free themselves from French rule and declare their independence.
Indochina, modernly known as the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is located on the border of the eastern Indochinese peninsula and it occupies, according to the online encyclopedia (encyclopedia.com), about 331,000 kilometers squared, where in 1987, 25% of that land was under cultivation. Vietnam is bordered by the South China Sea, the Gulf of Thailand, and Gulf of Tonkin; and it is alongside China, Laos, and Cambodia. Hanoi, Vietnam’s capital since the nation’s reunification, is located in the northeast; and Vietnam’s largest city, Ho Chi Minh City, also known as Saigon, is located in the southeast of Vietnam. However, before becoming independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, Vietnam’s capital was “Đại La”, where it was located in present-day Hanoi. Additionally, the northern part of Vietnam is mainly composed of highlands and the Red River Delta; and the southern part of Vietnam is divided into coastal lowlands, large forests, and mountains of the “Annamite Range”. Vietnam’s official language is Vietnamese, and their largest ethnic group in Vietnam is the Kinh people, which takes about 86% of the nation’s population.
In the colonial era, the world was divided into the colonies of European empires. France, among others, used military force and presence to rule in Vietnam and bordering countries, at that time called French Indochina. The French ruled with its army between 1854 and 1884 in the country, and about this time the aversion and disgust of Vietnamese people initiated against the French and other supremacy powers. One of the many effects of World War II was that European states, lost its imperialist and superpower status, as the World slowly shifted into the bipolar era - United States contra Soviet Union.
Unlike many other European countries that sought out the territory in Southeast Asia merely for increasing their power through trade, the French first began interactions with the region as early as the 17th century. Alexandre De Rhodes began an expedition to the Southeast Asia region with the desire to expand the Jesuit missionaries throughout the region to further their belief. For many years until the 18th century, the Jesuits expanded and created many missionaries throughout the region. The 18th century had brought an astronomical expansion in the trading markets throughout Europe and Asia as all the European superpowers began colonizing all of Southeast Asia to further their trading “empires.” The French would also begin to participate, not at the same level as countries such as the Netherlands or Great Britain, but more in moderation. At that time the French believed to confine their participation in Southeast Asia to religious advancement and moderate trading. It wasn’t until the 19th century until things would begin to take a turn and the French would become a major participant in Vietnam’s history.