Glenn Harding
Colonel Oleg Vladmirovich Penkovsky
	Colonel Oleg Vladmirovich Penkovsky is a name that doesn't ring a bell for most people. However, for many in the intelligence community this name is as about household as you can get. He is a legend in his own right. Those who lived during and through the Cuban missile crisis actually benefited from this man's activities. Colonel Penkovsky was a joint spy for the United States and England. He is often thought of as the highest ranking, most damaging person to spy on the Soviet Union. While most everybody is thankful for the information he provided there are questions to be brought to light. For example, why did such a devoted officer turn on his own country and spy for the west? What were the motives to keep him doing such a thing? To try to answer these various and complex inquiries one must start at the beginning.
	Oleg Penkovsky was born in a small town on the 23rd of April in 1919. By 1939 he had graduated from a Soviet military school and had been part of a group called Komosomol, meaning "young communists." He also went to war serving as a unit commander of an artillery unit. Penkovsky was decorated four times during his 1939-1940 tour of duty. After that tour he was injured and spent most of his time doing various assignments that took him between Moscow and the Ukrainian front for the rest of the Second World War. When the war was over, Penkovsky attended two military academies. One of the academies was the Frunze Military Academy and the other was the Military Diplomatic Academy. By 1950 he had married a woman who was the daughter of a fairly important general in the Soviet army. At this time he was also promoted to the rank of Colonel and was a member of the Soviet military intelligence agency, also known as the GRU. He was given various foreign assignments, Ankara, Turkey being the last location of these assignments (Richelson 274).
	While in Turkey Penkovsky was noticed by the British intelligence agency known as Military Intelligence department 6 (MI6), more precisely a man named Greville Maynard Wynne. Wynne felt that they could possibly use Penkovsky since he showed dissatisfaction in the Soviet Union's communist system of government (Volkman, Warriors 98). When Penkovsky returned to Moscow in 1956 his military career came to a screeching halt.
In the summer of 1939, Igor Gouzenko was invited to go as an instructor to a Pioneer Camp near Moscow. Shortly after returning to the Architectural Institute, Igor was admitted into The Kuibishev Military Engineering Academy of Moscow. Before even finishing a month at The Academy, Igor was appointed for training as a cipher clerk in the Intelligence Administration. Thus, Igor Gouzenko’s appointment as a cipher clerk would lead to his defection to Canada, the Gouzenko Affair, and the beginnings of the Cold War.
Court Records show that Ronald Filed for bankruptcy in April 1979. Nine months later on January 14, 1980, Ronald contacted the Soviet Embassy. Pelton had a top secret security clearance, which enabled him to gain information related to signal intelligence. With this Intel Ronald Pelton was able to provide valuable data to the Soviet Embassy. - (Faulkner, 1985) he contacted the Soviet embassy in Washington, DC, He convinced the diplomat that he worked for the U.S. Government, so they agreed to meet with him at the Embassy. Due to tapping the Phone call and surveillance of the embassy, the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI) anticipated the meeting, but was not able to identify the caller in time. Ronald meet with Yurchenko an officer of the Komitet Gosudarstvennoy Bezopasnosti (KGB) formally known as the secret Soviet Police. - ("The free dictionary,") due to his photographic memory Ronald shared a detail report of his activity within the United States. The information Ronald gave Yurchenko, was that the U.S., was monitoring the Soviet underwater communication. The United States was using submarines in the sea of Okhotsk to spy on the Soviet communication. Yurchenko in 1985 disclosed t...
. The Venona project was a military investigation decoding Soviet cables going in and out the United States. These cables revealed hundreds of citizens and immigrants all on American soil that passed very confidential information to Soviet intelligence. (Citation here) This alarming discovery of spies and the success of them gathering information showed the Soviet Union and communisms ability to influence and control. It was espionage that led to the trails of Julius and Ethal Rosenburg. The Rosenburg were American citizens indited, convicted, and executed for passing confidential information to Soviet officials, which aided them in the duplication of nuclear weapons specifically the atomic bomb. Had the Soviet Union not gained access to such a vital piece of information, the pivoting point of psychological fear to actual physical fear spiraling a world wind of cause and effects around the world, then perhaps the fear its self would not have grown to such status. The Soviet Union’s espionage was a war on American soil, fought secretly to dismantle the super power of the United States.
Stalin used the media in order to convince the Russian citizens that there were saboteurs and spies within Russian population. Stalin used the secret police and military forces to carry out the arrests of so called saboteurs and spies that were plotting against the motherland of Russia. There were many innocent people put into work camps and jails because they stood up against the false charges of the saboteurs. "'And why was Alik arrested?' 'Oh, Natasha, if you only knew the kind of crude language he used in front of everyone in line. I'm sure now that his lounge was the undoing of Koyla,too'"(87) When Alik stood out and spoke his mind, leading to his arrest. This is very similar to when Sofia Petrovna stood up for Natasha at the print house, and then had to resign from her job. The media's attention to the saboteurs and spies gave Stalin and the government power to arrest or cast out individuals in the Russian work force and society, because they were a threat to the motherland,even if they were just acting slightly out of line.
-This book was about Velikovsky's claims that incidences in numerous independent cultures around the world were not due to terrestrial origin (i.e. comets and planets caused massive disasters)
Physiologist is just one of the many titles earned by Ivan Pavlov. His unique background influenced his career greatly. Throughout his life he had many remarkable accomplishments. From dog treats to nerves of the heart, his experiments produced many useful conclusions. Also, his awards and leading positions emphasize his contributions to the many fields of science. Although he focused mostly in physiology, his studies have affected many realms of science, including psychology, and still prove accurate today.
Throughout the Cold War there were numerous incidents on both sides which exacerbated the threat of an all out war. However, there were also several attempts at bringing about an end to the Cold War. One of the greater attempts came from Georgi Malenkov following the death of Stalin in 1953. Stalin had previously appointed several young fanatical Stalinists in a new politburo called the Party Presidium. This move limited the power that Malenkov and Nikita Krushchev had while at the same time giving more power to Stalin. Immediately following Stalin’s death Malenkov cut membership in the new politburo and threw out the young recently appointed Stalinists. Malenkov also announced that any new policies would come from...
The Soviet espionage was organised by the KGB, formed in 1954 the KGB. rose to half a million staff and their main role was to gather intelligence material on western technology and military operations. The Soviet spies were most influential in securing the information. required to make the atomic bombs. The amount of information they gathered was said to have been huge, inestimable, and significant.
Stalin was “born in Gori, Georgia” as the third and only surviving child of a “cobbler and ex-serf”(Compton’s 403). His true name was Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili. “In 1912 he took the alias of ‘Stalin’, from the Russian word stal, meaning ‘steel”, hence his nickname “Man of Steel”(Compton’s 402). Stalin began his studies at the seminary as a devout believer in Orthodox Christianity, where he was soon exposed to the radical ideas of fellow students. In 1899, just about the time of graduation, he gave up his religious education and to devote his time to the revolutionary movement against the Russian monarchy. In 1902 Stalin was hunted down and arrested by the imperial police for organizing a large worker’s demonstration. A year later he was sentenced to “exile in the Russian region of Siberia, but soon managed to escape and was back in Georgia by early 1904”(Archer 58). When the Russian Social Democratic Party split into Menshevik and Bolshevik factions, Stalin sided with the Bolsheviks, who just happened to be led by Vladimir Lenin. Stalin immediately became a staunch follower of Lenin, studying his every move. He did marry in 1905 but his beloved bride died of tuberculosis two years later. Their son, Yasha, died later in a Nazi Prison camp during World War II. After the Bolshevik’s Civil War victory, Stalin became highly organized and was elected secretary of the Communist Party. “After Lenin’s death, Stalin gradually isolated and shunned his political rivals, especially Leon Trotsky, and by the end of 1929 Joseph Stalin had succeeded in eliminating his opponents and became the supreme leader of the USSR” (Compton’s 404).
With humble beginnings, as Vladimir himself put it in his autobiography, Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin was born October 7th, 1952, within St. Petersburg, Russia. Raised by his mother Maria, who was a factory worker, and his father Vladimir, who was a conscript. Putin was dead set on joining the KGB, the Committee for State Security. In his autobiography he says he was “a pure and utterly successful product of Soviet patriotic education.” But he also says that most of this “notion of the KGB came from romantic spy stories” In short, he never knew what he was getting into. To follow...
they eliminated rebellions during the revolutions, for example, the slaughtering of any animal who spoke against Napoleon or his choices and they conducted foreign intelligence operations, The Dogs stayed by Napoleon's side as he negotiated with Pilkington. "I know not every mom is a secret KGB spy but every mom has this whole other life. Every dad and every person has this whole other life."(Quote it in Keri Russell) This quote talks about KGB spies and officers leading secret lives, hiding their work from friends, family, and anyone else involved in their personal lives. They changed as people, turning violent and rough when they might have been kind and gentle beforehand. These struggles when on for many year until November 6, 1991, the KGB were free and were able to carry on with their normal
Joseph Stalin, whose real name is Iosif Vissarionovich Dzhugashvili, was born on December 21, 1879 in the small town of Gori, Georgia. His family was poor and he was the only child of four to survive. His father was a shoemaker. He was a heavy drinker and died from wounds in a brawl when Stalin was 11 years old. His mother was a pious and hardworking woman. She wanted her son to have a good life so she entered him into priesthood. He attended elementary school run by the Orthodox Church and went on to the Orthodox theological seminary in Tiflis. There he joined a secret study group that opposed the Russian tsarist government. They discussed the radical ideas of Karl Marx and Stalin became a devout Marxist. Eventually, Stalin was expelled from the seminary. Then for the next 18 years he was a revolutionary. He wrote articles for Marxist newspapers, worked as a propagandist among workers, and organized strikes. This is what led to him becoming a politician.
Among the spies of the 20th century, Kim Philby was a master of his craft. “To betray, you must first belong,” Kim Philby once said. Philby betrayed his colleagues, his friends, his wives, and most of all his country. He did all this in the secret service of the Soviet Union. The effects of this master spy’s operations set the stage for post-World War II in Europe.
During the Crimean War, Tolstoy commanded a battery, and was at the siege of Sebastopol . In 1857 he visited France, Switzerland, and Germany to learn more about society and how to improve it. After traveling for a time, Tolstoy settled in Yasnaja Polyana, where he started a school for poor children. He saw that the secret of changing the world was in education. He investigated during his travels to Europe educational theory and practice, and published magazines and textbooks on the subject. In 1862 he married Sonya Andreyevna Behrs, and they had 13 children. Sonya also acted as Tolstoy’s secretary.