Virginia Woolf refuses the role society prescribes her. She stands up against glass ceilings, separate spheres, and double standards-cultural institutions that create and uphold a weaker sex. In her writing, specifically "A Room of One's Own," she manifests her contempt and bitterness by advocating "it is necessary [for women] to have five hundred [pounds] a year and a lock on the door if you are to write fiction or poetry" (769). However, to break and step above the institutions she criticizes, Woolf knows she cannot simply complain about her brothers' years at Oxford while she stayed home with tutors-that would lead an audience to believe "she has an axe to grind" (quoted in Bartholomae and Petrosky, 750). Rather, she must strive for the calm collectedness of her male academic counterparts. This presents a problem for Woolf: how does she convey the oppression of women-the passion behind her work-through an objective and level voice? She needed a vehicle that could be neutral yet emotional, provocative but wise. Ultimately, Woolf needed a mask: one that mimicked the reserved quality of men, yet allowed her to bare the thoughts of a woman subjected to society's mechanisms.
Woolf contrasts two passages in the first chapter of “A Room of One’s Own” to illustrate the inequality between the treatment of men and women and how this inequality leads to less success for women. Woolf does this by comparing two meals. One meal is a feast of beauty at the all men Oxbridge University and the other is a bleak dinner served at the women’s college. Woolf’s use of diction, syntax and tone exemplify the inequalities and their impacts.
Virginia Woolf, in her treatise A Room of One's Own, identified a gendered division of labor. For her, men work in the market place and make the money while the women, the upper class women at least, attend to the social pleasantries and household management. While she lamented this state of affairs, she did not present, as Gilman did, a model for existence that would allow men and women to operate on the same level. However, a direct comparison to Gilman is somewhat unfair as she was not focused on the status of women in the economy so much as the status of women as writers. Like Gilman, Woolf saw this division between a man's work and a woman's work as a socially constructed conceit. Unlike Gilman, Woolf advocated a further break between the world of men and women.
The roles of women in society have constantly changed over time. The rights to be granted to both men and women have been a controversial subject often with the focuses on feminism and the cry from women to be equal to men. Over time we have seen a change in the way that women’s voices have been heard, each declaring their rights of what they should be entitled to. Literature gave women a way to express their feelings and concerns on this topic, and we see this with the emergence of Mary Wollstonecraft during the Romantic Era, and later on with Virginia Woolf in the early Twentieth Century. Mary Wollstonecraft was straightforward in her writings with her viewpoints on what she believed women to be entitled to, whereas Virginia Woolf used a more narrative route using characters and fictional situations to bring about her concerns pertaining to freedom and modern feminism. Wollstonecraft and Woolf both used their beliefs, backgrounds, and the written word to give women a voice regarding the feministic issues concerning the time periods in which they lived, with Wollstonecraft expressing her views on the importance of education and the strengthening of reason, and Woolf using her resentment of circumstances to express her ideas about gender equality, the trivial lives of women, and the social world.
Virginia Woolf is often categorized as being an aesthetic writer. Most of her works played largely on the concept of suggestion. They addressed many social issues especially those regarding feminine problems. Woolf was acutely aware of her identity as a woman and she used many of writings as outlets for her frustrations. According to her doctrine, the subjugation of women is a central fact of history, a key to most of our social and psychological disorders (Marder 3). The two works I will focus on is A Room of One's Own and "A Society" from Monday or Tuesday. They are both works that challenge the roles of men and women.
In chapter two of A Room of One’s Own, Virginia Woolf introduces the reader to the uncomfortable conditions existing between men and women during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Woolf’s character, Mary Beton, surveys books about women at the British Museum and discovers that nearly all of them are written by men. What’s more, the books that she does find express negative sentiments about women, leading Beton to believe that men are expressing “anger that had gone underground and mixed itself with all kinds of other emotions” (32). She links this repressed anger to man’s need to feel superior over women, and, wondering how and why men have cause to be angry with the female sex, she has every right to be angry with men.
By being deprived of rooms of their own, there is little possibility for women to rectify the situation. Even though this is clearly a historical truth, Woolf’s assertion was revolutionary at its time. It recast the accomplishments of women in a new and far more favorable light, and it also forced people to realize the harsh truths about their society.
Nicolson, Nigel and Joanne Trautmann, eds. The Letters of Virginia Woolf. Vol. 3. New York: Harcourt Brace, 1977.
Virginia Woolf was born January 25, 1882 to an English household in London. Her father was Sir Leslie Steven, a historian and author who was a major figure during the golden age of mountaineering; her mother Julia Prinsep Steven, an India native, nurse and also an author of the profession. With two substantial successors as her parents, Woolf was one of seven siblings granted with majestic opportunities. These opportunities included being educated by her parents. During this time girls were not allowed to go to school and many did not have the privilege of parents whom were able to instil education. Knowing this, Virginia was bound to excel in life. In fact, Woolf utilized her privileged life to her potential. She spent time in numerous locations which she eventually incorporated into a lot of her work and modernist novels such as, Profession for Women. In the essay, Profession for Women Woolf discusses, “the Victorian phantom known as the Angel in the House that selfless, sacrificial woman in the nineteenth century whose sole purpose in life was to soothe, to flatter, and to comfort the male half of the world’s population.” The essay shows how women struggled daily with the views Victorian society placed upon them. The ways of the Victorian era transcended over into the modernist times because some women were too afraid to explore their true selves. However, Virginia did not accept these ways because she knew as a woman she could not be complete if she lived up to the Victorian standards. Woolf determined that unless one has explored and experimented the new things attainable from the world then they also cannot be complete. In this essay, I will be responding to Virginia Woolf’s essay Professions of Women and the struggle of ...
Why, out of all things needed in order to write, were these two things relevant? Woolf had a problem with the way men and women were treated when it came to money. Statements such as, “One cannot think well, love well, sleep well, if one has not dined well,” support the claims she made about simply dining.
Women have been oppressed and kept from reaching their full potential for centuries. Expectations for women have been set in society and breaking out from that mold is difficult for the public pressure demands women to conform to its ideals. Virginia Woolfe questions why women are expected to behave differently than men in her essay A Room of One’s Own and presents several reasons why society has set limited boundaries for women. Due to the lack of opportunities women have compared to those of men, women are often more ignorant. This does not occur naturally but rather because of the circumstances of their lives. Due to the lack of opportunities and ignorance, women are also far less wealthy economically and with experience in life. Virginia Woolfe analyzes the causes and effect of oppression on women in her essay A Room of One’s Own and modern novels also portray the damaging outcomes that occur from oppression.
Woolf gives various examples in her life of how this discrimination has an enormous effect on the capability of women to have their own thoughts, opinions, and to see with their own perspective. Woolf’s argument that women must overcome certain obstacles, “angels,” or phantoms, is effective through her use of the rhetorical triangle, her elaborate diction, and the rhetorical situation.
What does Woolf fail to address in her feminist stance, and how do her oversights affect not only her credibility, but how certain women view themselves?
Rich writes, “It is in the tone of a woman almost in touch with her anger, who is determined not to appear angry, who is willing herself to be calm and detached, and even charming in a roomful of men where things have been said which are attacks on her very integrity...she is acutely conscious-as she always was-of being overheard by men” (Rich 20). Rich articulates that Woolf, even while writing about women in fiction, was not able to free herself from male criticism. Her attempts to appeal to women but not displease men lead her essay to be less effective than it could have