Comparative Essay on Cognitive and Social Development in Early Childhood Crucial to child development is a child’s wellbeing. The concept of wellbeing is a complex one which can be divided into several aspects (Waters, 2014) and which occurs across several domains, namely, physical, mental, emotional, social, and cognitive wellbeing (Thompson & Fauth, 2009). However, wellbeing is generally considered as ‘the quality of people’s lives’ (Rees, et al., 2009, p. 8). If a child is fit and healthy, free from harm, mentally engaged, and their physical and emotional needs are met they are likely to possess a high level of wellbeing, and therefore, more likely to be successful and fulfil their full potential (Smith & Hart, 2014). The importance …show more content…
The National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2012) recommends that all EYFS settings provide high-quality services to children, developing their social and emotional wellbeing and increasing their capability to learn. Additionally, the guidelines state that EYFS settings should ‘promote the development of positive, interactive relationships between staff and children’, by ensuring that, ‘...individual staff get to know, and develop an understanding of, particular children 's needs’, and finally, settings must, ‘focus on social and emotional, as well as educational, development’ (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence, 2012, p. 13). The EYFS Statutory Framework (2014) recognises the importance of positive relationships and places them as one of the four overarching principles, teaching children to be resilient and autonomous. Furthermore, the EYFS includes personal, social, and emotional development as one of its seven areas of learning and development. This helps to increase a child’s emotional wellbeing by developing ‘a positive sense of themselves, and others’, forming ‘positive relationships’, developing ‘respect for others’, allowing them ‘to develop social skills and learn how to manage their feelings’, in order to ‘understand appropriate behaviour in groups; and to have confidence in their own abilities’ (Department of Education,
When working with children it is essential that all members of staff are aware of the different polices that the setting follows and they must also ensure that they correctly follow them in their own practice. There are many different polices to follow within the setting to ensure the safety and well-being of the children and also to ensure that practitioners are aware of polices that concern us and our rights. The framework that the setting follows is the EYFS, this states how children need to be cared for and ways in how their needs and requirements can be met based on their development stages. Good. It also consists of the seven areas of learning and outlines outcomes of learning which are expected for the different age groups within the setting. The demand for childcare has increased within the UK for due to different influences such as an increase in single parent households and government aims to ensure that parent’s find employment or training to support them with looking for jobs. To meet the different needs of the families the early years sector needs to ensure that they are fulfilling the requirements through providing appropriate services. Parents require suitable care for their children so that they are able to return to work, provide a setting for their child where they are able to learn and make progress with their development.
The Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS) was implemented in England in 2008 and applies to all children aged 0-5. This new curriculum combined existing government ideas regarding the care of under 5s including the 'Every Child Matters' (ECM) policy: children's services have to respond to 5 outcomes for all children from birth to 18: being healthy, being protected from harm and neglect, being enabled to enjoy and achieve, making a positive contribution to society, and contributing to economic well-being. The statutory EYFS document stated a need for a 'coherent and flexible approach to care and learning' (DfES - Department for Education and Skills 2007; cited in Palaiologou, 2010, p.11 ), and ensures a quality experience for children regardless of the pre-school setting. EYFS and its direct predecessors were introduced based on the realisation that quality of teaching and management of schools play a central role in children's quality of learning, not socio-economic and educational background, as was previously thought. Pre-school education was seen as a method of helping children 'break the cycle of deprivation' (Baldock, 2009, p.20). However, research by Potter immediately prior to the inception of the EYFS concluded that due to 'insufficiently rigorous conceptual underpinnings, particularly in the area of language and communicatio...
Reviews from Tickell (2011); the independent chair of the EYFS review, supported and criticised the curriculum which was brought in by the government. Stating mistakes and suggesting improvements which needed to be made. As recommended by Tickell a new reformed EYFS was introduced in 2012 updating and making EYFS exceptional. This reform strengthened the curriculum by outlining and changing the problems which became difficult for early years practitioners. The reform adapted by reducing paperwork, strengthening parents and practitioners relationships, simplifying assessments, and providing early intervention where necessary. Critiquing the 2008 version of EYFS, it is clear that Tickell states positive aspects of the curriculum towards the impact on children in an early years setting. Some
It is essential that a child’s development is viewed in a holistic manner, so that practitioners can identify a child’s physical, personal, social, emotional and spiritual wellbeing- not just focusing on their intellectual
The National Quality Standard establishes a national benchmark for the quality of education and care services. It provides great opportunities for families to have a better understanding of the quality service. This also allows families to make the right decisions about the services that provide the best education and care to their children. In the National Quality Standard, there are seven standards that provide children the quality of education and care services. These seven standards are educational program and practice; children’s health and safety; physical environment; staffing arrangements; relationships with children; collaboration partnerships with families and communities; leadership and service management (Australian Children’s Education and Care Quality Authority [ACECQA], 2013). The National Quality Standard aims to support and foster the safety, health and wellbeing of children. It also aims to provide high-quality educational programmes to achieve positive outcomes for children. To add on, families will have a better understanding of the programmes and will be able to differentiate an...
Social psychology is a scientific study that studies how people think, feel, and how they behave under the influence of other people (Aronson, Wilson & Akert, 2013, p. 2). Thinking about what social influence really means, we tend to think of a person who tries to persuade another person to acting a certain way. It can be a form of peer pressure, like taking that first puff of a cigarette, or it can be conforming to popular societal views, such as obeying the law of the land. Fiction is a great way to learn about social psychological perspectives. Watching popular theatrical films is the perfect way to learn because it illustrates the application of many perceptions within the subject of social psychology.
Personal, social and emotional developments (PSED) are acknowledged as one of the starting point of accomplishment in life. PSED is about the whole child, how they are developing now, what they can do to reach their goals but also contribute to their community and how children perceive their identity and ability, understand their relation to the others in the society and apprehend their own and others’ feelings. PSED are a part of children’s development where they will be able to communicate effectively and be able to develop positive behavior among themselves and to others. According to the Early Years Foundation Stage (EYFS), PSED is consists of three aspects which are self-confidence and self-awareness, managing feelings and behavior and making relationships (DfE, 2012). In this essay, I will discuss the factors that influence children’s behavior , theories of personal social development and the strategies to develop the positive behavior in children to promote PSED, transition and inclusion.
Since the beginning of time, fathers have had a profound effect on their child’s development. Over the years, the norm for traditional family dynamics of having a father figure in the household has changed drastically, and so did the roles of the parents. It is not as common as it used to be to have a father or father figure in the home. In this day and age, women are more likely to raise children on their own and gain independence without the male assistance due to various reasons. The most significant learning experience and development of a person’s life takes place in their earlier years when they were children. There are many advantages when there is a mother and father combined in a
By listening to what families, children and young people perceive their needs to be and working to adapt their services in order to cater or counteract some of the problems that arise when the wellbeing of the individual is being affected is what practitioners aim to achieve. Several agencies in UK worked together to improve children and young adults welfare such as Teachers, Social workers, Foster carers, Children safeguarding team, etc…Using Activity 2.9 ( Open University 2014 ) as an illustration, the narrator explained about Connors story, a young boy who has been place into foster caring. As a young child, Connor had probably experienced ambivalent, avoidant and disorganised patterns of attachments before his current placement which might have an impact on his behaviour. The foster family had concern that if Connor had to leave them, this could lead to further problems. Agencies working within Connors welfare such as Children social workers should adapt the fact of Connors relationship with the foster family does not impact on his wellbeing. Practitioners need to work in accordance of children and youth people diversity as well. Diversity can help to begin to overcome inequalities in society, which be might be a positive outcome or a negative outcome. Practitioners must firstly identify the assumptions they make about people so that they can make sure that they treat everyone with respect.
Normal cognitive development is referring to the developmental abilities for a person to be able to think and reason. Pre-adolescent cognitive development explained from Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development ( Cook and Cook 2009) place this age group right in between the last two stages of this development. In Piaget’s stage III of cognitive development ( Berger 2014) it is explained this stage enables pre-adolescent to use more logic and to be able to be more productive in their thinking. Pre-adolescent are able to begin thinking in concrete ways that will help them combining, subtracts, and transform objects and actions. The move from the third stage to the fourth stage of Piaget’s cognitive development starts around the age of 12 ( Cook and Cook 2009) however, each individual progresses differently in developing their ability to think in more complex ways. In the definition from Cook and Cook ( 2009) the formal operational thought stage is to be the final stage of a person’s cognitive development when an
Children can strive in developing their Personal, Social and Emotional development when they are in a learning environment based on positive values, such as; honesty, respect, compassion, unity, responsibility, care and justice. Through analysis of relevant research that I will continue to explore throughout this literature review, I will highlight evidence that having
Cognitive theorists focus on people's mental processes as they investigate the ways in which children perceive and mentally represent the world, how they develop thinking, logic, and problem- solving ability (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). One cognitive perspective is cognitive- development theory advanced by Swiss biologist Jean Piaget (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). Jean Piaget obtained a job at the Binet Institute in Paris, where research on intelligence tests was being conducted (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). Through his studies, Piaget realized that when children answered questions incorrectly, their wrong answers still often reflected consistent- although illogical- mental processes (Rathus & Longmuir, 2015, p. 10). He regarded
It discusses how children are born with that needs to connect with individuals around them. Teachers and providers create positive relationship with children from birth through the early years. The foundation for that healthy social and emotional development because it affects her children see the world, express themselves, manages their emotions, in establishing a positive relationship with others. There were several areas of development that included social interactions that focus on the relationship that we share and include relationship with adults and peers. Emotional awareness recognized and understands your feelings and actions of other people, and self-regulation where you have that ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a socially appropriate way. There were many tips that were listed when working with infants from talking and reading, having that warm, responsive, and consistent care, maintaining predictable routines, and getting to know each child while following their lead. The importance of supporting children and developing social skills is critical for learning, happiness, and long-term. This development begins during infancy and can be supported through simple social games, emotional role model, and imitating an infant's facial expression and sounds. The importance of social-emotional development and toddlers makes an impact in a child life when these skills are developed starting in infancy. Encouraging positive behaviors and using positive discipline practices that helped to develop the ability to make good choices as well as recognizing the confidence that is built when these behaviors are repeated. This is a process for young children to learn these behaviors always remembering that a patient response will help especially when the behaviors are
Language plays a major role in a child’s life, because some children will dialogues with themselves through how they engage with themselves or other children through imaginative play. Vygotsky explains this as how they will make up their own story and give their characters different names, and also changing the voices of each character. This helps children with their vocabulary skills, in which it will help them in the long run to name, and negative the different things that they will start to come into connect with as they get older. Language is also known as a symbolic system of communication and a cultural tool transmit play, and cultural history both play a big part in language development, and understanding the world around them. And also
A significant part of development is the middle childhood. The middle childhood is largely centered on the development of a child’s inter-personal relationships, cognitive skills, personality and motivation. Children learn about their environment around the middle childhood. Integration is a task concerned with the primary developmental of child in the middle childhood. Physical development which happens during the middle childhood is not as dramatic as in early or late childhood. Growth might be usually slow ti late childhood life. Kids at this period usually relay on skills which they acquired in early childhood and these skills prepare them for the next stage of their cognitive development, the middle childhood. Skills like the hands-on