Development of human being is an individual, dynamic and complex process. It contains physical, cognitive and social development. This article focuses on the detailed knowledge and explanation about the young children's physical development. There are some examples which present the relationship between the theories and development. Movement is nature needs even nobody teaches. As we know, our muscles and structures are developing during the pregnancy period. The obvious basically physical changes are the height and weight. In the first to forth months, the length of the body usually is 20-27 inches and weight is 8-16 pounds. The infant average gains 1.5 inches and 1 pound per month since birth. It shows the rapid growth in order to our needs …show more content…
According to psychologist Jean Piaget, he developed an approach to cognitive development which has a series of four stage: sensory motor (0-2 years old), preoperational (2-7 years old) , concrete (7-11 years old) and formal operational stage (11+ years old) (lee, cognitive development, 2016). In the sensory motor stage, the infant knows and learn the world through five senses: sight, taste, touch, smell, and hearing. (Charlesworth, R. 2014, p.133)The Major categories of physical development include Gross Motor and Fine Motor. “Gross Motor” is the muscles which control the wide range of position and movement such as our legs and arms. “Fine motor” refers the small control muscles such as using hands and fingers to collect small objects, hold and pass the objects to response the environments. It also includes the eye's muscles for developing hand-eye cooperative. These are the basically function for motor development. Actually, the infants begin to develop the upper muscle for body control since 3 weeks. (Dowdney, L. 2011, p.182) . They always extend their arms movement in order to reach objects in this period. Their muscles and skills of head and neck are improved day by …show more content…
Parents prepared the environment and materials for him. At the beginning, the parents ask him "doctor, can we come to the clinic?" the boy looks at himself and says" No..It's not ready. Please wait!" Then the boy moves and prepares the facilities, dress up by himself and wears the stethoscope...and he asks “I can't open the medical bag.” His parents sampling for him “You need to use your thumbs and fingers to open it.” They allow him to try and scaffold him. He can do it by himslef after few tries. In this case, the boy likes playing petend in peroperational stage which Piaget metioned . Parents allow him to try even making mistakes in process. He uses the gross motor skills to move the objects, to dress up ; uses fine motor skills to open the bag, wears the stethoscope and write down the records...When the boy can not open the bag, parents understand his ZPD. So they encourage the boy to observe and scaffolding. In fact, this playing also connects and develops his cognitive and social skills when he try to slove the
Social and environmental variables affect cognitive development. Cognitive development focuses on the person’s ability to intellectually, perceive and process information. (35589) defined the cognitive ability as the process in which people learn, think and use language; it is the progression of their mental capacity from being irrational to rational (35589). Piaget and Vygotsky are two cognitive theorists who are interested in the cognitive development of a person across their life span and its relation with social and environmental factors. Piaget is the most known cognitive theorist who affected the world of psychology greatly, and was a great influence to many psychologists out there; however his main intention was the innate maturity process and, unlike Vygotsky, he underestimated the role of language and social interaction and his theory wasn’t useful in the teaching field.
The first of Piaget’s four stages of cognitive development is the sensorimotor stage. The approximate age of this stage is from birth to two years
Gross motor development is the review of the child’s capability to move in a consistent man...
In this semester, we are learn a lot of knowledge about ourselves, start from an infant to early adulthood. We know that, some of our behavior are development since we are infants such as intimacy with others. Other than that, we learned that most of our emotional development are more likely same as stated in Erik Erikson’s psychosocial development stages. In this report, we are using Bandura Social Learning Theory, Treisman’s Filter Model of attention, and information processing theory to explain the cognitive development in our group member and using Erik Erikson’s intimacy versus isolation theory to discuss the emotional development in relation with friendship and family.
When we think about physical development our minds probably jump to some sort of sport or action that involves physically moving our legs and arms. In early childhood the physical is at work
Piaget has four stages in his theory: sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, and formal operational. The sensorimotor stage is the first stage of development in Piaget’s Theory of Cognitive Development. This stage lasts from birth to the second year of life for babies, and is centered on the babies exploring and trying to figure out the world. During this stage, babies engage in behaviors such as reflexes, primary circular reactions, secondary circular reactions, and tertiary circular
A newborn child’s physical and motor development is an evident progression throughout their first years and later in life. A child’s motor development is more of a slower progress, from going to gross motor skills to more fine motor skills in a few months while physical development is an apparent process. The environment affects children in their physical and motor growth, as they learn and adapt to new stimuli everyday as they develop. Separately, these developments start at different times, but function hand in hand as a child grows. Physical development is apparent at conception, early childhood, middle childhood, and adolescence; while motor development
The first type of development that can be observed is physical development. Physical development refers to a child's gross and fine motor skills. Gross motor skills are the use of large groups of muscles that can develop naturally through outdoor and indoor play. During play, a child may use their gross motor skills by standing, jumping, climbing, running or riding a bike. "If children are encouraged to be physically active, these skills can develop into advanced patterns of motor coordination that can last a lifetime" (brightfutures.org). Fine motor skills are the use of the muscles in the hands. These muscles can develop by using fingers to cut with scissors, write, paint and many other activities. Underdeveloped muscles, weight gain, and high blood pressure are all signs o...
Child development and growth observation can be quite fascinating considering the uniqueness of each child. As children grow, they normally develop and acquire new skills whether complex or not. The abilities experienced by each child progresses differently that is it depends on the nurturing given by the parent or guardian and on the characteristics that they inherit. Proper development and growth of the child occurs when basic needs are provided by the reliable adult guardians, including such things as love, food, encouragement, shelter and warmth. The essay evaluates child development and growth through observation conducted by myself on my nephew. The essay will include physical development, general health, emotional development,
A child must have physical development before motor development can occur (Charlesworth, 2000). According to Piaget infants acquire knowledge from their environment. Through sight, smell, hearing, and touch this is accomplished. Adults are responsible for seeing that the children have a chance to explore to acquire the knowledge. A child must be physically able to do the work that is required to keep up with the other students. Many chil...
Mastering fine motor skills is a very important process needed for physical and cognitive development. It is during early childhood that most children develop these skills, however there are many children that do not. A young child’s fine motor skills are developed through a vast array of activities that aide the child in doing little things such as grasping a toy as an infant, and buttoning buttons as a toddler or tying shoes when they are a preschooler. Fine motor development is the development of the small muscles in the hands and fingers. Many crucial daily activities depend on strong motor skills, such as writing, using eating utensils and getting dressed, among other things. Without fine motor skills a child will have difficulties preforming
Physical development focuses on increasing the skill and performance of the body. The sequence of physical development involves firstly gross motor skills that require control of large muscles in the body, arms and legs. Gross motor skills are larger movements your baby makes with his/her arms, legs, feet, or his/her entire body. Physical and cognitive development are closely linked, especially during the early years. When most teens mature their frontal lobes continue to develop.
Physical and motor development are two similar but different areas that describe child development. Physical development encompasses all of the various changes a child's body goes through. Those changes include height, weight, and brain development. Motor development is the development of control over the body. This control would involve developing reflexes such as blinking, large motor skills like walking, and fine motor skills like manipulating their fingers to pick up small objects like Cheerios. It is important to objectively study physical and motor development in children to gain knowledge on what characteristics are considered typical for each age and stage of development. This will enable me to be aware of when a child or children are developing at an irregular pace, and devise recommendations or find experiences and other resources that can aid in stimulating their development and to work towards closing achievement gaps. This particular assignment was to observe the selected child and reaffirm the importance of studying physical and motor development, and to develop ideas on how to involve it in my work as an early childhood professional.
From preschool into early elementary school, children have begun to develop their gross motor skills. They have developed a “mature pattern of walking” and are ready to test their physical abilities to the limits. Also fine motor skills have begun to develop, however more slowly. Along with motor skills children are developing their visual, tactile, and kinesthetic senses. A child’s sensory skills are helpful in learning language.