Fungal pneumonia has many variations throughout the environment, including Coccidioides. Within Coccidioides, there are two species that are very similar. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are two parasitic pathogens that affect the lung and can cause flu-like or pneumonia-like symptoms in mammalian bodies. Coccidioides is a pathogen that is part of the fungal kingdom (Taxonomy Browser). The separation of the species immitis and posadasii has been a relatively new discovery. The separation has allowed the study of these species in different locations in the United States and Central and South America, as well as the migration of these species throughout the North and South American continents (Lewis et al, 2). The entire taxonomic …show more content…
Some are found specifically in the human body and some are found in the environment and will eventually enter the human body. Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii are two pathogens that are found in the environment and will eventually enter the human body. Both pathogens are found in the southern United States, Mexico, and Central and South America (Fungal Infections, 8). Coccidioides immitis is found in the lower, arid zone of the United States; specifically, the southwestern states like Arizona, southern California-primarily the San Joaquin Valley, and New Mexico, as well as in Central and South America (Lewis et al, 1). Coccidioides immitis is also found in the soil and is classified as an ascomycete (Lewis et al, 2). Coccidioides posadasii is found in the more central southern United States; specifically, Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico, as well as Mexico, Central America, and South America (Lewis et al, 2). Coccidioides posadasii is also found in soil and classified as an ascomycete (Lewis et al, 2). Once the pathogens have grown to a point of maturity, they can infect the host. Both Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii infect humans primarily; these pathogens will also infect other mammals such as cattle and dogs (Kellner et al, 111). Infection of the host can cause many issues in large cattle populations as the cattle are eating and breathing the same things; there is really no way to stop the …show more content…
Infections tend to be mild and may cause flu-like symptoms. Many time, the infection will require an antifungal treatment (Kellner et al, 111). Because of the flu-like symptoms, this disease was fairly difficult to diagnose; many patients died and were thought to have died from the flu. In 1892, the disease was finally discovered, was originally recognized as Coccidioides immitis only, and was treated with antifungal drugs (Cox and Magee, 805). According to the initial, official studies of this disease, patients could live anywhere from four months to nine years. The first two patients were drastically different; patient one had a slowly progressing form of Coccidioidomycosis, the disease caused by both Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Patient one lived for nine years after the initial diagnosis and never received any antifungal treatment (Cox and Magee, 806). Patient two had a much more rapidly progressing form of Coccidioidomycosis. Patient two lived for only four months and died from the infection caused by the Coccidioides immitis pathogen (Cox and Magee, 806). Patient one made those studying this disease because that the pathogen would be slow acting, so patient two was treated as though the pathogen wouldn’t take full effect for a few years. As stated above, Coccidioidomycosis is the disease caused by Coccidioides immitis and Coccidioides posadasii. Coccidioidomycosis
Puechmaille, S.J. 2010. "White-Nose Syndrome Fungus in Bat, France". Emerging Infectious Diseases. 16 (2): 290-293.
Whooping cough is a highly contagious and acute respiratory disease caused by an aerobic Gram negative encapsulated coco-bacillus bacterium, Bordetella pertussis. It is a strict human pathogen with no known animal or environmental reservoirs and an air-borne disease. On inhalation, Bordetella pertussis colonizes the ciliated cells of the bronchio-epithelium to cause disease characterised by; epithelial damage, hyper mucus secretion, pulmonary edema and paroxysmal coughing. It is often accompanied by pneumonia, otitis edema, seizures, post-tussive vomiting and encephalopathy (1).
This final microbe is far less dangerous and easier to comprehend than the formerly mentioned ones. Histoplasma Capsulatum, often called histoplasmosis, is caused by a fungus called Histoplasma (1). This fungus thrives within earthy environments with lots of soil filled with bird and bat droppings (1). It is found mainly in the United States, specifically within the central and eastern states, such as around the Ohio and Mississippi river valleys (1). The fungus can also be found within central and South America, Africa, Asia, Australia, and small parts of Europe (1). While most people do not get sick, those who do become infected when breathing in the microscopic fungal spores in the air (1). Symptoms
My disease is Streptococcal pneumonia or pneumonia is caused by the pathogen Streptococcus pneumoniae. Streptococcus pneumoniae is present in human’s normal flora, which normally doesn’t cause any problems or diseases. Sometimes though when the numbers get too low it can cause diseases or upper respiratory tract problems or infections (Todar, 2008-2012). Pneumonia caused by this pathogen has four stages. The first one is where the lungs fill with fluid. The second stage causes neutrophils and red blood cells to come to the area which are attracted by the pathogen. The third stage has the neutrophils stuffed into the alveoli in the lungs causing little bacteria to be left over. The fourth stage of this disease the remaining residue in the lungs are take out by the macrophages. Aside from these steps pneumonia follows, if the disease should persist further, it can get into the blood causing a systemic reaction resulting in the whole body being affected (Ballough). Some signs and symptoms of this disease are, “fever, malaise, cough, pleuritic chest pain, purulent or blood-tinged sputum” (Henry, 2013). Streptococcal pneumonia is spread through person-to-person contact through aerosol droplets affecting the respiratory tract causing it to get into the human body (Henry, 2013).
Tuberculosis has been known to mankind since ancient times. Earlier this disease has been called by numerous names including ‘consumption’ (because of the severe weight loss) and ‘the white plague.’ Mycobacterium tuberculosis (the bacteria that causes TB), existed 15,000 to 20,000 years ago. In the 18th century in Western Europe, tuberculosis reached its peak with a occurrence as high as 900 deaths per 100,000.2
conventionally. What the worst part of the disease was that the pathogenesis for it were not known and
This more severe form usually prevails in elderly, cigarette smokers, people with chronic lung disease, or those who are immunocompromised, such as cancer or AIDS patients. Virulence:.. Being a gram-negative bacterium, L. pneumophila has lipopolysaccharides (LPS) that act as endotoxin within a human host. The presence of a flagella is thought to mediate adherence to human lung cells, thereby causing infection, since flagella-less strains do not cause disease. Once attached to human cells, the organism is engulfed by a macrophage that utilizes the internal environment to multiply.
Also known as Coccidioidomycosis, Valley fever infections have been on the rise in recent years. Endemic to the desert Southwest, valley fever is caused by the soil-dwelling fungus Coccidioides. The cocci get stirred up by building, drilling, tilling, and clearing land, and disperse due to dry, hot, windy conditions. The spores may be inhaled and are capable of embedding deep into the lungs.
Valley fever is a fungal pathogen. Coccidioidomycosis is valley fever’s scientific name. The pathogen’s structure is a spore. Valley fever is caused by Coccidioides immitis. Coccidioides immitis is a fungus that grows in soil. Valley fever is most commonly found in areas with little precipitation. This pathogen is most commonly found in the southern United States, Central America, and South America. However, scientists are worried that increased temperatures may cause valley fever to spread and affect new areas.
Pertussis, also known as whooping cough, is a respiratory tract infection characterized by a violent cough. The violent cough incudes a series of severe uncontrollable coughing, hacking, or whooping. (1) Pertussis is a very contagious disease caused by bacteria named Bordetella pertussis, which is transmitted through fluids from sneezing or coughing around a person’s breathing space. The bacteria release toxins, damage cilia, and cause airways to swell.
Sordaria fimicola belongs to the kingdom of fungi and is part of the phylum Ascosmycota. This fungus habitat is in the feces of herbivores. As many fungi Sordaria have one life cycles which is haploid/ diploid. It is commonly exits as a haploid organism, but when the mycelium from two individuals meets, the result is a diploid zygote. This diploid zygote which undergoes meiosis forms eight haploid ascospores . The ability of Sordaria to make 8 haploid ascospores is what makes it unique and important for the laboratory exercise done in lab.
This paper includes an understanding about the parasitic roundworm called trichinella. It gives detail of the disease, its transmission and source. Emphasizing how it effects the body, further explaining the epidemiology and how the parasite poses a threat. Also providing an overview of the various types of transmission, how it obscures the human body, and informs one about the symptoms that occurs with the ingestion of trichinella. This paper also addresses the various diagnostic procedures and the treatment required in order to treat Trichinellosis. This, emerging the complex world of the most common type of trichinella species called Trichinella spiralis. In addition, it raises awareness of the health risks and possible outcomes that can come along when the parasites begins migrating throughout the body.
The symptoms were blisters of the skins with puss and bleeding with high fever. The government was very aware and thought they had a vaccine but the micro-organism morphed into another pathogen that was airborn and the previous vaccine was no
Geoffrey Garnet and Edward C. Holmes. “The Ecology of Emerging Infectious Disease.” Bioscience. Vol. 46 Issue 2 (1996).
Candidosis also can affect the respiratory tract, and can also be occurred in pregnancy, the fungus