Coastal Features in the Gower
The Gower Peninsular is in Wales, near Swansea.
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The coast is made up of many different coastal features which have
altered the landscape.
The rock on the map is a wave cut platform and that is where the
original coast was but erosion has caused the coast to retreat. You
will be able to see stacks, stumps and arches along the southern
coast, these are caused by corrosion, corrosion and hydraulic action.
Initially a cave is formed; there are many caves along the coast,
including Worms Head Cave. Worms Head Cave is actually positioned on a
stack.
Stack
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Worms Head Cave
[IMAGE]Worm's Head with its cave visible
This arch is not on the Gower but in Dorset but shows what a natural
arch would look like.
After the cave has formed it is widened and deepened until the sea
forms a natural arch.
[IMAGE]Durdle Door
Waves continue eroding the arch until eventually the roof of the arch
collapses and leaves part of the original cliff, this is the stack.
This eventually erodes down also leaving just a stump.
A spit is visible in the top left of the map, near the Burry Inlet. A
spit is a permanent landform that results from marine deposition. It
is a long narrow accumulation of sand and shingle, one end is attached
to the land and the other end projects at a narrow angle into the sea.
The spit has a hooked end. It formed when longshore drifts moved sand
and shingle along the coast and the coastline changed direction
leaving a shallow sheltered area of water.
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The wave cut platform is a gentle slope found extending from the base
of the cliff. It consists of material removed from the cliff as a
result of undercutting from waves. As undercutting increases, the
cliff slowly retreats, leaving a platform. The platform widens to a
point, but due to the cliff being attacked less frequently by waves,
middle of paper ... ... Site 1 Grid Reference: 211690 Types of Management: - Recurved Sea Wall - Wooden groynes Site 2 Grid Reference: 205687 Types of Management: - Straight Sea Wall - Wooden groynes Site 3 Grid Reference: 201686 Types of Management: - Rip rap boulders Site 4 Grid Reference: 222693 Types of Management: - No management, all natural. Managed retreat. Site 5 Grid Reference: 228695 Types of Management: - Rip rap boulders - Rip rap rock groynes - Wooden groynes - Revetment Site 1 is near Herne Bay and the sites are along the coastline towards Reculver in a North East direction. Site 5 is situated on the beach below the Twin Towers at Reculver.
Investigating the Geographical Processes that are Affecting the Physical and Built Coastal Environment There are three geographical processes that are affecting the physical and built coastal environment, they are; erosion, deposition, and transportation. Erosion is the group of natural processes, including weathering, dissolution, abrasion, corrosion, and transportation, by which material is worn away from the earth’s surface, this is mainly caused by wind, running water, and waves breaking on the coast. Deposition is the depositing something or the laying down of matter by a natural process. Transportation is when sand is moved along the coast by long shore drift. At North Cronulla beach erosion is evident.
coast (as shown in pictures 1 & 2). The area of sea is subject to the
Birling Gap has quite a lot of history to it, a long long time ago it
Barrier Beaches stretch along the entire east coast of the United States. The barrier beaches from Long Island to Maine are known as Glaciated Coasts because their formation was assisted by glaciers. Eighteen thousands years ago a glacier covered most of the eastern US. This glacier terminated at present day Long Island. About fifteen thousands years ago the glacier began to retreat. As it melted it left behind mounds of rubble, called moraines. This particular glacier left behind two moraines because its final recession was a two part process. These two moraines are the Ronkonkoma Moraine and the Harbor Hill Moraine. The Ronkonkoma Moraine is located in central Long Island and the Harbor Hill Moraine is located on the northern part of Long Island. Besides the two moraines the glaciers deposited great amounts of debris offshore. This debris supplies the sand needed to create and maintain a barrier beach system (Hoel 16-18).
and Metamorphic rocks can be found. There are also a lot of crusted plates, and violent
Stonehenge is located on Salisbury Plain in Southern England. Although it is not the largest henge (circle of stones) of the Neolithic Period, it is a remarkable site because it is one of the most complicated megalithic sites. Stonehenge was repeatedly reworked from 3100 to 1500 B.C.E. (Encyclopedia Brittanica 287). Each new major building phase added new elements to the site. The present-day arrangement at Stonehenge is the result of the last building phase which ended nearly 3,500 years ago.
Stonehenge is located in Southern England on what is known as the Salisbury Plain. The structure looks different than it once did, however. Today, Stonehenge suffers the effects of time and pernicious acts by people. Originally, in the years after completion, the structure was made up of “several concentric circles of megaliths, very large stones.” (5) Stonehenge consists a circular layout of approximately one hundred megaliths. On the tops of them another flat stone was placed to make a continuous ring of horizontal stones. These structures are known as trilithons.
Stonehenge, called the most photographed site in the world, draws nearly a million visitors a year, almost half of them from the united states (Wendy Mass 9) After Stonehenge has mystified an impressed generation of visitors and scholars who traveled to Salisbury plain in Wiltshire, England, 80 miles west of London, to marvel at the wonder of this ruin (Wendy Mass 8) but why is this ruin so magnificent? What draws so many people to it? Is it because the question of who built it and how it was built still lingers in the minds of many today. These questions have kept the mystery of Stonehenge alive for thousands of years, and the combined investigative efforts of historians, geologists, engineers, archaeologists, astronomers, chemists, and philosophers have continued to uncover more questions than answers (Wendy Mass 8)
was surrounded by water and was known as a place of no return. When Dantes
The Don Valley Brickwork consists of many different layers of geological deposits, allowing us to observe and have a better understanding of how the sediments we see today are formed. The most bottom layer in the Brickworks are from the Georgian Bay Formation, and consists of grey- shale bedrocks. Fossils are often found in this layer and it is estimated that this deposit of sediments is around 445 million years old. Above the bedrocks is a thin layer of grey clay sand and gavels left behind by the Illinoian Glacier. This layer is called the York Till and occurred around 135,000 years ago. The next layer consists of a sandy deposit called the Don Formation, which is formed by the Sangamonian Interglacial Stage. Many plant and animal fossils are found in this layer due to warmer climate around 120,000 years ago. Above it lies the Scarborough Formation, which consist of clay and sand. This sediment likely occurred 115 - 106,000 years ago. The next layer above is the Poetry Road Formation, and consist of sand and gravel. This layer is likely formed during the early Wisconsin glacial substage around 106- 75,000 years ago. Higher is the Sunnybrook Drift which was formed 60 – 75,000 years ago. And on the surface, is the Halton Till, which was left behind by the final push of the Wisconsin Glacier.
Biking from Franklin on the Allegheny Valley Trail, average travelers would assume that the path on which they were riding was nothing more than an ordinary trail in an ordinary town. Then around the five mile marker they would see the massive Belmar Bridge rising in the distance. Today the bridge serves as a reminder of our region’s rich history, harkening back to the days when oil wells dotted the landscape and railroads crisscrossed the countryside. At about the eight mile marker, a large rock covered in intricate symbols and markings juts out of the river. Centuries ago, Indian God Rock served as a waypoint for the Native Americans who created the paths on which the railroads were built. The Allegheny Valley, Samuel Justus, and Sandycreek Trails built by the Allegheny Valley Trails connect all eras of our region’s history, from the Native American period to the glory days of the oil industry, the years of economic decline, and the our recent resurgence as a center of tourism and recreation.
Stonehenge is located near Salisbury, England and according to an archaeologist who has investigated Stonehenge close up, Mike Parker Pearson (2010) “...the new date for the raising of the sarsens [the large stones]...[is] between 2600 and 2480 B.C….” (p. 47). It consists of the large sarsen stones which are the ones that are in pictures and on postcards. Then there are smaller bluestones that are mixed in with the sarsens, Y and Z holes that form full circles around the sarsen stones, and Aubrey holes which form a circle around the entire structure. There is a large stone outside and a ways away from the circle called the heel stone. There are two station stones that stand to the side of the of the circle and over the Aubrey holes. They form a perfect rectangle with two barrows, or burial mounds, that are there.
see two piers jutting out into the Pacific. On either side of the piers are