d) For this scenario you are a community pharmacist and wish to begin dispensing clozapine for one of your patients presenting with a PBS Authority for clozapine. What steps will you need to take prior to dispensing the clozapine for the patient?
1. pharmacists must meet all relevant PBS, state and clozapine monitoring system requirements in order to participate.
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2. The pharmacist must check the patient's pathology results and details entered into the brand-specific clozapine patient monitoring database before they dispense or claim.
3. pharmacists must be registered with the appropriate patient monitoring system before prescribing or dispensing of clozapine can occur.
4. Community pharmacists must use the streamlined Authority code indicated
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(2015, June 25). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from http://www.pbs.gov.au/general/changes-to-certain-s100-programs/faqs-hsd-ca-clozapine-25-june-2015.pdf
e) What lifestyle factors can influence the therapeutic levels of clozapine? Explain how they affect the therapeutic levels of clozapine
From the factors that influence the clozapine levels is smoking because it induces CYP1A2 enzyme and increases the metabolism of clozapineleading to decreased levels in the blood. Therefore,in cases of sudden cessation of smoking, the concentration of clozapine in the blood may be increased,thus leading to adverse effects.
Also clozapine levels are affected by caffiene intake for example tea,coffee and cola drinks. Caffiene is an inhibitor of CYP1A2 which will increase the concentration of clozapine in plasma.
Referance
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Questions to asked is
1- What symptoms do you have?
2- What other medication are you taking?
3- Do you have any other medical condition?
Reference
Drug Interaction Report. (n.d.). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from https://www.drugs.com/interactions-check.php?drug_list=709-364%2C924-490
g) Myocarditis is a rare side effect of clozapine. Describe the signs and symptoms of myocarditis
1- Primary Symptoms of myocarditis resembles symptoms of influenza like fever and malaise
2- Shortness of breath
3- Abnormal heartbeat
4- Light-headedness
5- Chest pain
6- fatigue
Reference
1-What You Should Know: Myocarditis. (n.d.). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from http://www.webmd.com/heart-disease/myocarditis#1
2- Clozapine-induced Myocarditis - Monitoring Protocol. (2012, January 19). Retrieved April 29, 2017, from
It is not uncommon for a patient to experience pain and anxiety before or after a major procedure or breathing treatment. Imagining the myriad of complications that might occur during an operation can send one into multiple panic attacks. Coping with the loss of mobility and independence joined by the pain that accompanies recovery are only a few examples of the complex and traumatic experiences awaiting pre/post-operation patients. Fortunately, a medication was synthesized by Armin Walser and Rodney I. Fryer in 1975 to aid patients by easing anxiety and promoting sleepiness before an operation. An added benefit was that the events experienced during the operation were also forgotten while the medication was still in effect.
Introduction: For my research project I would like to explore the effectiveness of antidepressant drugs. Antidepressant drugs are used are used to treat major depression and other conditions, some of which include anxiety, obsessive compulsive disorder, chronic pain and other disorders. Around the world antidepressants are used to cure these types of mental illnesses. It is argued by both medical professionals and other people whether or not they believe that antidepressants work. According to Mayo Clinic one in ten Americans take an antidepressant. Today, antidepressants have became the most common way around the world to treat major depression
The Role of Dopamine Receptors in Schizophrenia. Retrieved March 3, 2005, From Stanford University, Chemistry department web site, http://www.chem.csustan.edu/chem44x0/SJBR/Mann.htm Naheed, M., & Green, B. (2000). Focus on Clozapine. Retrieved February 7, 2005. From http://www.priory.com/focus14.htm Waddinton, J.L., & Buckley, P.F. (1996).
Tired and overworked students will try anything to get that extra edge to stay up all night and study. Students, specifically college students, find solace in a little pill called Adderall. Adderall is a drug used for treatment and control of neurological disorders that affect adults and kids, specifically those with attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) and narcolepsy. Formerly known as Obetrol, it was first approved on February 21st, 1996 by the FDA and was in the warehouses by March 11th, 1996. However, Adderall was used as a substitute to caffeine, speed, or to even reach a natural high by students at high pressure college and prep schools before it was a drug known to aid people with ADHD (Kent 2013).
The practice change in my project is to provide education and a screening tool for nurses to identify patients taking second-generation antipsychotics. When patients are identified early, proper monitoring can be established. Early treatments can be considered thus promote patient overall care outcome.
...vacy screen on the computer and/or turning the computer away so customers cannot see what’s on the screen, and use a secure network to receive new prescriptions or request refills. A patient must be notified and give authorization to allow a list of their drugs be given to a marketing company. The authorization must say what the data disclosure and use is being planned for and the date when the authorization will expire. In a community practice a pharmacist cannot discuss treatment with anyone unless patient signs authorization. In an institutional practice the patient can call the pharmacist and give permission to talk to a doctor if able to speak. In case of an emergency, such as a heart attack or car accident, the doctor can call the pharmacist to get the information without patient consent. A patient must give a written authorization in a community pharmacy.
When doctors prescribe medication for their patients, a local retail pharmacy is most likely to be utilized to fill the order. However, there is a growing population of older Americans that are no longer able to live independently and must reside in nursing homes or assisted living facilities. In order for this vulnerable population to receive their medications, a different kind of pharmacy is needed, these are known as LTC, long term care pharmacies. Within these specialized pharmacies there are highly trained employees called CPhTs, certified pharmacy technicians who are overseen by state licensed RPHs, otherwise known as pharmacists.
but it has taken a long time to get, so we have to ask ourselves – How
Comparison of the Effects of Antidepressants and Their Metabolites on Reuptake of Biogenic Amines and on Receptor Bindings. Cellular and Molecular Neurobiology, Vol.19, No.4.Denmark: Plenum Publishing Co. Science Direct, (2003).Fluoxetine inhibits A-type Potassium Currents in Primary Cultured Rat Hippocampal Neurons. Department of Physiology, Medical Research Center, South Korea.
unchanged following clonazepam administration. It is often impossible, by PSG study before and after clonazepam, to identify
According to APTA,” PT should examine and evaluate the patient or client before delegating acts, tasks or functions be performed by an unlicensed individuals. In addition, PT should provide predetermined procedures and protocols for acts, tasks or function that have been delegated.”(7)
Pharmacists and technicians provide patients with safe and accurate medication in a timely manner. This is not a task for pharmacists or technicians alone; it is a task that requires both personnel in order to be accomplished.
Drug administration forms a major part of the clinical nurse’s role. Medicines are prescribed by the doctor and dispensed by the pharmacist but responsibility for correct administration rests with the registered nurse (O'Shea 1999). So as a student nurse this has become my duty and something that I need to practice and become competent in carrying it out. Each registered nurse is accountable for his/her practice. This practice includes preparing, checking and administering medications, updating knowledge of medications, monitoring the effectiveness of treatment, reporting adverse drug reactions and teaching patients about the drugs that they receive (NMC 2008). Accountability also goes for students, if at any point I felt I was not competent enough to dispensing a certain drug it would be my responsibility in speaking up and let the registered nurses know, so that I could shadow them and have the opportunity to learn help me in future practice and administration.
I pleased to apply to the PharmD program as the program is one area that corresponds to my career dreams. Being part of this program gives one the opportunity to gain an excellent experience in working and collaborating with various health care providers in the ward. But more importantly, it facilitates a practical environment in dealing more closely with patients. Hence, it helps to provide the ultimate health care services to patients. Also, it permits me to carry on gaining different knowledge, skills, and values in addition to those I have already developed during my undergraduate studies. My interest in being a clinical pharmacist was first aroused during my SPEP rotation in the hospital setting where I was really impressed with the role of clinical pharmacists who provide a consistent process of patient care with healthcare teams to maintain the appropriateness, effectiveness and safety of the medication use. Unlike a pharmacist, a clinical pharmacist has a more diversified responsibilities and closeness to direct patient care. Moreover, provides
First, here is some important background information about Pharmacists. A Pharmacist is someone who is trained and licensed to distribute medicinal drugs and to advise on their use. According to the Occupational Outlook Handbook Pharmacists do all of the following: "Fill prescriptions, verify proper amounts of medication to give to patients, check whether the prescription will interact negatively with other drugs that a patient is taking or conditions the patient has, instruct patients on how to and when to take a prescribed medicine, Advise patients on potential side effects they may experience from taking the medicine, Advise patients about general health topics, such as diet, exercise, managing stress, and on other issues, such as what equipment or supplies would be best for a health problem, Keep records and do other administrative tasks, Complete insurance forms and work with insurance companies to be sure that patients get the medicine they need, Teach other healthcare practitioners about proper medication therapies for patients, and lastly oversee the work of pharmacy technicians and pharmacists training."() Some pharmacists participate in compounding, where they create medications by mixing ingredients themselves. Pharmacists tha...