Cloud nuclei, which comprises all weather systems around the world, have a strong influence on weather patterns. Cloud nuclei have been responsible for a few documented extreme weather events, as opposed to converging weather systems or a passing cold front due to an extratropical storm. On a large scale, when anthropogenic pollution results in increased dark particulate matter (rather than from natural cloud nuclei such as dust and clay), we can experience such extreme events. For example, on 26 April 2011, smoke from Central America’s and Mexico’s farmland fires was pulled into the extratropical cyclone that came through the continental United States. This storm produced 122 tornadoes, 15 of which were considered violent (EF4-EF5). This event …show more content…
Cloud nuclei are tiny solid and liquid particles from smoke, ocean spray, and even wind-blown soil. The water molecules that are always present in the atmosphere do not bond together to create clouds because the required energy is much more than what they have to offer. Water molecules require a flat surface, they bond with cloud nuclei, which has a radius up to one micrometer (as shown in figure 1). Cloud condensation nuclei are hygroscopic, having the ability of attracting and holding water molecules from the surrounding environment. They are about 1/100th the size of a cloud droplet, meaning each droplet has at least a speck of dirt, dust, or salt crystal at its …show more content…
The presence of clouds does not cancel the radioactive effect of aerosols; however, it does generally suppress it. Figure 4 is a schematic showing the various components of ARI, where the amount and properties of the solar radiation (such as the solar zenith angle, surface properties, and presence of clouds) contribute to this just as much as the aerosols optical properties that are in the interaction. We need to take ARI into consideration due to the fact that the more aerosols that are suspended in the air, the greater the optical thickness is. If the optical thickness is very large, then the aerosols will then absorb all of the incoming solar
According to Webster’s Dictionary, a tornado is a rotating column of air accompanied by a funnel shaped downward extension of a cumulonimbus cloud and having a vortex several hundred yards in diameter whirling destructively at speeds of up to three hundred miles per hour. There are six classifications of tornadoes, which are measured on what is known as the Fujita Scale. These tornadoes range from an F0 to an F5, which is the most devastating of all. Abnormal warm, humid, and oppressive weather usually precede the formation of a tornado. Records of American tornadoes date back to 1804 and have been known to occur in every state of the United States.
On May 20th, 2013 a EF 5 tornado hit Moore, Oklahoma and surrounding towns, with a path as wide as 1.3 miles wide (2.1 km) and had a wind speed, estimated at its peak, of 210 miles per hour (340 km/h). Killing 24 people, and injuring 377, this was one of the United States worst tornadoes in the past few years, along side the Joplin, Missouri tornado, in 2011. One of Mother Nature’s most dangerous and still very mysterious phenomenons averages about 1,200 reported each year, resulting in 80 deaths and injuring 1500. With very little known about them, especially whether or not they will form is one of the questions that plague meteorologist to this very day. What causes tornadoes, how does the tilt and gravity of the earth affect the winds to produce a tornado, and what will the future hold about our understanding of tornadoes?
scattering of thin, high clouds. From a vantage point atop one of seven hills I
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)/National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), (2001). U.S. Tornado Climatology. Accessed on 9//27/2011 at http://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/oa/climate/severeweather/tornadoes.html#deadly
Jump up ^ Galway, Joseph G. (1977). "Some Climatological Aspects of Tornado Outbreaks". Mon. Weather Rev. 105 (4): 477–84. Bibcode:1977MWRv..105..477G. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0477:SCAOTO>2.0.CO;2.
Hurricanes are born over the warm waters of tropical oceans and are formed by a low-pressure system caused by the heating of water. The heat causes the air to rise and form lower pressures in a feedback loop, making the hurricane stronger. Heavy rain results from a condensation of water and strong winds develop from warm air rushing to the eye of the hurricane. Essentially, greater storms and winds occur when the hurricane feeds of the rising temperature of the water. In addition, researchers studied disturbances and intense thunderstorms in the atmosphere over Western Africa and believe they are partly to blame for extreme hurricanes affecting the United States and Canada. While these are all the main ingredients of a perfectly natural process, they were not the primary causes of the damage done by Hurricane
Tornadoes are devastating atmospheric events that affect the ecology and the lives of people in their paths. Tornadoes are defined as “a violently rotating column of air, in contact with the ground, either pendant from a cumuliform cloud or underneath a cumuliform cloud, and often (but not always) visible as a funnel cloud” (Glossary of Meterology, 2011). The Tri-state tornado was the most deadly tornado in the United States. It stayed on the ground for a total of 219 miles through areas of Missouri, Illinois, and Indiana, killed a total of 695 people, and an estimated $16.5 million in damages (National Weather Service, 2011). Luckily, the tornado’s path was largely rural farmland with scattered small towns between them.
After falling behind in classes with grades in previous semesters, I plan to start early and not slack off and think I have time. Before I tell you how this will be accomplished I will tell you why I am taking Meteorology 206. I am taking this class first and foremost because it fulfills my science requirement. However, I chose Meteorology 206 because I have always been interested in the weather and how it works. The first step for my success will be to take my own notes in class because it helps me to remember the information more. I will then take these notes outside of class to use to study for exams and for assignments. Also outside of class to prepare for class I will read the upcoming chapter. This will not only help for class but will
Clouds are usually the last things astronomers want to see in the sky, but for those who observe in the southern hemisphere there is a notable exception to that celestial rule.
Characteristic calamities truly are very normal over the globe. There are of various types generally Earthquakes , Volcanic Eruptions and Snow storms. In light of the climatic conditions in my general vicinity Snow storms are inclined to be happened oftentimes. The primary Natural calamity in the whole Central America is a snow storm. Indeed there is a possibility of event of tremors. Anyway by watching the atmosphere from past decades there is a less risk of event of seismic tremors. Despite the fact that such seismic tremors happen the force that is recorded is low. Fortunately there are no volcanoes in the range. So there is no statement for the volcanic ejections to happen. Be that as it may there is an alternate debacle which is having an opportunity to happen is a Tornado. A few safeguards must be strictly utilized with a specific end goal to get maintained from these sorts of circumstances. All the individuals living in the specific group must be given legitimate directions on the sort of fiascos that are happened and the mind that ought to be taken while the event of such exceptionally risky episodes in the true worls.
In the case when the giant cloud met up at any specific point the gravitational pull increases making the wind to move according to the rule of angular momentum,. These fast moving strong tornados and vertical columns of fast moving winds and are highly destructive and powerful. (Brian Cox, 2013)
Image analyst professionals at the U.S. Weather Bureau also found that all cyclones (hurricanes, nor-easters, tornadoes, etc) are characterized by a very distinct vortex cloud pattern located in the center. Because of these mutual characteristics, large scale cloud and weather systems could be easily recognized and tracked for many days. TIROS I detected a storm off the coast of Madagascar and tracked this storm through its television cameras for five consecutive days! Yet another major discovery was that the weather fronts associated with mid-latitude storms are strikingly clear and easily identifiable on weather-satellite photographs.
Another factor of weather are thunderstorms. The definition of a thunderstorm is a rain shower during which thunder is audible. According to the National Weather Service, a severe thunderstorm must include winds of 58 miles per hour or greater, hail an inch in diameter or bigger, or a tornado. Many perilous weather events are allied with thunderstorms. Cumulus clouds are the ringleader of thunderstorms. Conversely, under the right circumstances, rainfall from thunderstorms instigates flash flooding, hurricanes, tornadoes or lightning. Lightning is responsible for many fires around the world each year and causes fatalities. Powerful winds like straight-line winds are often supplementary with thunderstorms, a crasher of power lines and mobile
Solak, M.E., Yorty, D.P., & Griffith, D.A. (2003). Estimations of Downwind Cloud Seeding Effects in Utah. Report: North American Weather Consultants, Inc., 35(1), 1, 2, 4.
Above all, any condition that affects climate conditions will take a toll in the way storms revolve. This remains true for meteorite impacts and nuclear explosions. Hurricanes and other storm patterns can grow from conditions brought by such formations. These disorders can disturb normal weather patterns, which go in hand with the power a hurricane will gain, causing overwhelming consequences when dealing with