After developing early interaction skills such as joint attention, turn-taking, and functional play, therapy focused on the area of semantics. Our goals for intervention were increasing expression and vocabulary but we also wanted to continue to support and reinforce social interaction. For this reason, we wanted to use a naturalistic intervention technique, specifically milieu teaching. Milieu teaching is a set of procedures use to prompt and shape language from a child’s interest. It works best when children have already developed some interests in the environment around them and understand/use intentional communication.
There are three different levels of prompts depending on the level of support needed by the child, but they all follow
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Clinician has to provide frequent models of target behavior in functional and meaningful contexts (usually play). A high density of models is required in order for client to be successful when producing targeted form. It’s not required to produce the target form, only tempted. This approach is very effective for improving comprehension and production of target …show more content…
However, neither is a catch-all, and must be carefully considered. A combination of milieu teaching and focused stimulation can be helpful as it does not require consistent requirements of imitation. Some children do not verbally imitate consistently or can be really resistive when they know they are being asked/required to do something; you may see this more in populations with apraxia of speech or autism. One article that describes non-imitative techniques is Dethorne & Johnson’s “When “Simon Says” Doesn’t Work: Alternatives to Imitation for Facilitating Early Speech Development”. They provide seven alternatives to mand/model imitation techniques.
1. Provide access to AAC
a. Start with powerful, “survival” words that are highly motivating and useful. Words used to protest and request such as “no”, “stop”, “more”, “help”. A bare bones communication board (either low-tech or high-tech) with symbols of “stop”, “more”, and “help” is a good tool for any speech therapist to have at the ready and can be used across a wide variety of populations. Basic core boards or, for young children, themed activity boards are also helpful in focusing on specific vocabulary words and provided further communicative support without requiring speech.
2. Minimize Pressure to
According to Ms. M, when she was a child her mother was very resolute and strong-willed. Despite Ms. M’s disability, her mother expected her to do things just like other children, and was intolerant of any excuses made by Ms. M in regard to her physical state. Ms. M described her mother’s behavior as insensitive at times. She reported her mother would often be disparaging and ridiculing towards her when she would act out her frustrations that arose from being pushed too hard. Ms. M expressed that although it was difficult for her as a child, she is now appreciative of her mother’s harsh and determined parenting because she believes that without her mother’s resolve and convictions, she would not be successful today.
Practitioners should plan activities that follow children’s interests, make up stories about their favourite cartoon or film character. Get down to the child’s level and ask them what they have drawn and praise the child. The practitioner should use different body language, tone of voice, characterisation when telling a story to the children. Practitioners should be singing rhymes along with the children in order to help them learn new words and also increase their confidence and communication skills. It is important to support children in their phonological awareness to help them understand that words can be broken down into different
The most popular method for educators at the centre to build on children’s comments and conversations is by talking with them, particularly by talking through processes or experiences as they are happening. With infants this process of talking through experiences and processes seems more like narration. Spending time in the infant room feels solidary as I talk to myself for most of the day, however it is important to remind myself that the child is learning through my one-sided conversations. Baby’s language develops socially, they listen to those speaking around them and then begin to internalise the words that are high frequency (Clarke, 2004). As they develop their vocabulary grows as they build their repertoire through socialisation. Research
The theory our learning team is studying is the psychodynamic approach or what is sometimes called psychoanalytic approach. The main contributors to Psychodynamic approaches was the founder Sigmund Freud (1859-1939), Anna Freud (1895-1982) gave significant contribution to the psychodynamics of adolescence and Erik Erickson (1902-1994) called the “new” Freud but with an emphasis on ego (conscious) forces, termed as psychosocial theory (Craig & Dunn, p 11-13). Psychodynamics is the explanation or interpretation (as of behavior or mental states) in terms of mental or emotional forces or processes (www.merriam-webster.com)
Psychodynamic therapy, focuses on unconscious mind and how past experiences, inner thoughts, fears, and emotions The main goal of psychodynamic therapy is for clients to be self-aware of the past and how it effects who they are in the present. This type of therapy focuses on the underlying problems and emotions that influenced the client’s behavior. (Psych Central, 2016)
In this assignment I am going to introduce and unpack cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory. This will include the history of each theory and the theorists that discovered and developed both. I am going to link each theory to where they fit in Payne’s Triangle of Social Work as well as compare and contrast each theory. Both Cognitive behavioural theory and psychodynamic theory both support the purposes of social work in which I will cover beneath. This assignment will also include criticisms of both theories as well.
...ed instruction to teach use of speech-generating devices to students with autism in social game routines. Augmentative and Alternative Communication, 27(1), 26-39. doi: 10.3109/07434618.2010.546810
The following essay is an attempt to critically compare and contrast these two approaches from various aspects, and deduce which one is more encompassing.
The psychodynamic theory encompasses both Freud and Erikson. Freud believed the three components of personality were the id, the ego, and the superego. The id is responsible for all needs and urges, while the superego for ideals and moral. The ego moderates between the demands of the id, the superego, and reality. However, Erikson believed that personality progressed through a series of stages, with certain conflicts arising at each stage. Success in any stage depended upon successfully overcoming these conflicts. The advantage to psychodynamic is that it encompasses the individual, meaning that the theory looks at personality from childhood all the way into adulthood. The disadvantages of this theory are that it cannot be tested validly. Therefore,
Psychopathology is what goes wrong with the mind. It is distress related to mental processes and statistical deviations from the norm. Psychopathology is what clinicians treat and researchers research (quoted in Frances & Widiger, 2012). Psychopathology has many possible definitions because it does not exist in a vacuum—the context affects the definition. Common themes in possible definitions include distress, dysfunction, disability, and dyscontrol, but none of these quite capture the whole picture (Frances & Widiger, 2012). What if a person is not distressed, but their behavior is clearly maladaptive, for example someone with antisocial personality disorder who manipulates others to achieve their goals? Is this person not pathological? Of
It discusses how children are born with that needs to connect with individuals around them. Teachers and providers create positive relationship with children from birth through the early years. The foundation for that healthy social and emotional development because it affects her children see the world, express themselves, manages their emotions, in establishing a positive relationship with others. There were several areas of development that included social interactions that focus on the relationship that we share and include relationship with adults and peers. Emotional awareness recognized and understands your feelings and actions of other people, and self-regulation where you have that ability to express your thoughts, feelings, and behavior in a socially appropriate way. There were many tips that were listed when working with infants from talking and reading, having that warm, responsive, and consistent care, maintaining predictable routines, and getting to know each child while following their lead. The importance of supporting children and developing social skills is critical for learning, happiness, and long-term. This development begins during infancy and can be supported through simple social games, emotional role model, and imitating an infant's facial expression and sounds. The importance of social-emotional development and toddlers makes an impact in a child life when these skills are developed starting in infancy. Encouraging positive behaviors and using positive discipline practices that helped to develop the ability to make good choices as well as recognizing the confidence that is built when these behaviors are repeated. This is a process for young children to learn these behaviors always remembering that a patient response will help especially when the behaviors are
Rajapaksha. “Promoting Oral Language Skills in Preschool Children through Sociodramatic Play in the Classroom.” International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, vol. 4, no. 1, Jan. 2016. CrossRef, doi:10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.4n.1p.15.
Psychoanalysis had its beginning with the discovery that a person in complete physical health could experience an illness with physical symptoms that stemmed from things trapped in the subconscious known as hysteria. Charcot, a French neurologist tried to liberate the mind through hypnosis. A Viennese physician, Josef Breuer, carried this purging further with a process based on his patient, Anna O., revealing her thoughts and feelings to him. Sigmund Freud took Breuer’s method and made generalizations that grew into conceptualizations and eventually into the theories of psychoanalysis. Freud would listen to his patients, and then use these thoughts to interpret what was happening in the unconscious part of their mind. This was explained as bringing the unconscious to consciousness so it could be dealt with through therapy. Breuer and Freud’s successes with this method led to the foundational publication of Studies in Hysteria in 1895. Freud continued his practice of theory until it became the system of psychology known as psychoanalysis, a system that is the single most influential theory of psychotherapy in our time. A brief look into psychoanalysis is seen through the foundations of Freud’s theory.
ID, ego and superego. He said you were born with ID which was in your
In a closer view of some these distinguished therapy techniques described by Shelder (2010), we can infer that the established patterns in behaviors,