Introduction Dental implant rehabilitation has become widely used due to its highly predictable functional and esthetic results compared to conventional crown/bridge work and dentures. In addition, implant materials made of titanium offers not only biocompatibility but also osseointegration. Osseointegration refers to the direct connection between live bone and the surface of the implant during function and loading in the oral cavity. Despite the high rate success of dental implants, there is a small percentage of its failure which can partly be attributed to peri-implantitis. It refers to the variations in pathological inflammation that occurs in the tissue surrounding a load bearing dental implant. What also presents a challenge in orofacial implantology is that the dental implant surface is prone to microbial colonization and formation of a biofilm which may eventually lead to infection of the implant-supported tissue [1,2,4,10]. The classification of failure the dental implant function can be divided into two stages: early or late. Early stage of implant failures occur due to incomplete osseointegration prior to or following the functional loading of the implant. Failures include: early loading, surgical contamination, inefficient healing, and undesirable biocompatibility of implant material. Late failure of dental implants includes disruption of the function of existence osseointegrated implants, mainly because of the chronic infection of implant tissue [7]. There are risk factors for peri-implantitis such as poor oral hygiene, systemic conditions, alcohol consumption, susceptibility of genes, smoking and a previous history of periodontitis. Clinically, it is quite possible to distinguish between peri-implant mucositis, wh... ... middle of paper ... ...he bone marrow is what distinguishes peri-implantitis [3]. Conclusion The formation of biofilm on implant surface is similar to that on natural teeth leading to inflammation and subsequent damage of the surrounding tissue. The neighbouring teeth, periodontal pocket, saliva and soft oral tissue act as reservoirs for contamination of the implant surface. There is also a similarity in microbiological characteristics in peri-implantitis and periodontitis but there are some exceptions including some specific microbiota such as staphylococci, peptostreptococci, enterobacteria and candida spp. that are seen in peri implantitis. In addition, the immune response of the cells are quite similar in peri-implantitis in both events and qualitatively. On the other hand, the inflammatory tissue destruction in peri-implantitis is faster and more extensive than in periodontitis.
Afshar H, Jafari A, Khami M, et al. Evaluation of Microleakage in Composite-Composite and Amalgam-Composite Interfaces in Tooth with Preventive Resin Restoration. Journal of Dentistry 2012; 9(2):128-34.
The most recent classification system for periodontal diseases was developed in 1999 and is broken into seven major categories. The only reversible category is the first category. All of the subsequent categories are considered a destructive disease because damage caused by the disease cannot be undone and is permanent. The seven categories, in order, are as follows; (1) Gingivitis, (2) Chronic Periodontitis, (3) Aggressive Periodontitis, (4) Periodontitis as a manifestation of a systemic disease, (5) Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis, (6) Abscesses of the periodontium, and (7) Combined periodontic-endodontic lesions. These seven categories are used to diagnose specific patients, as well as refer to a group of patients that suffer from one of the above conditions. Periodontitis is considered local if less than thirty percent of the mouth is affected, and generalized if more than thirty percent of the mouth is affected.
These kinds of polymers have both some advantages and disadvantages. Although they are bioactive and biodegradable and provide high comppressive strength, Degradation of such polymers leads to undesired tissue response due to producing acid formation in degradation process. Metallic scaffolds are another method for bone repair and regenaration. They provide high compressive strength and enormous permanent strength. Metallic scaffolds are mainly made of titanium and talium metals. The main disadvantages of metallic scaffolds are not biodegradable and also discharge metal ions. Recent studies in metallic scaffolds mainly focus on biodegradable materials which can be used improve bioactivity of metals such as titanium.
...alth issues may arise due to braces. There are currently different types of braces available, such as traditional metal braces, ceramic braces, and removable braces, such as Invisalign. Due to the dependability of metal braces in all type of orthodontic treatment, traditional metal braces are most commonly used. However, there may be hope of developing braces that are coated in a different material, such as plastic, that may not alter the change in microbiota as much, therefore requiring further testing to determine the best and most accurate results. The goal of the study is to not only find a potential factor in the development of CD, but to also see if there is a possibility that braces affect the microbiota enough to cause the formation of a disease. If this is the case, then the hope is that new and safer braces can be developed for the best patient results.
Over time as individuals age and are faced with access to care issues they may begin to neglect their oral health. As time passes between dental hygiene cleanings or dentist visits the presence of oral disease may begin to increase.
Infection control is a central concept to every practice of health care providers. Its main objective is to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases from both patients and health personnel (Martin et al., 2010). In dental clinic, infection control is a continuous concern for its professionals. They have to contact patients routinely and be exposed to their blood, saliva, dental plaque and pus that may contain infectious pathogens. It is important for the dental professionals to treat these fluids as if they are infectious and special precautions must be taken to handle them. In this essay, I will highlight the scope of infection control practices in dental clinics and the ways through which infectious microorganisms are transmitted in the dental clinic. Also, I will talk about some infection control guidelines implemented in dental clinics and how they meet the needs of the patients. Finally, from a personal perspective, I will mention some factors that affect the implantation of infection control guidelines and procedures.
Hirschfeld L, Wasserman B (May 1978). "A long-term survey of tooth loss in 600 treated periodontal patients". J. Periodontol. 49 (5): 225–37.doi:10.1902/jop.1978.49.5.225. PMID 277674
Dental professionals should promote a message that a strong biologic connection exists between oral and systemic health. Therefore, having a good understanding of oral health and systemic health is beneficial and can help you protect yourself. Streptococcus mutants, the bacteria found in periodontal infection are also the bacteria found in many of the cardiovascular diseases. This establishes a strong relationship between these two conditions.
The aim of endodontic procedures is to get rid of the infection and of the periapical tissue
On his initial examination dated 23/06/13 the patient was seen for a routine full mouth scale and polish with reinforced oral hygiene instruction including flossing technique. He presented with excellent oral hygiene at this appointment which was a reflection of his commitment to good oral hygiene; tooth-brushing twice daily and dental flossing once daily. This was further supported by the patients plaque scores at 5% and bleeding scores at 4% with only minimal supra gingival calculus on lower anterior teeth. There was no erythema or oedema present on the gingival tissues.
Cappelli, D. P., & Mobley, C. C. (2008). Prevention in clinical oral health care. St. Louis, Mo: Mosby Elsevier.
Red, inflamed or bleeding gums. Poor alignment of the teeth. Sores inside the mouth. Pockets between the gums and teeth, or receding gums. Bacteria can easily enter the bloodstream, contributing to additional systemic health issues.
Biofilms can form on many surfaces, including natural aquatic systems, human teeth, medical devices like artificial heart valves and catheters,
Impression materials are used to register or reproduce the form and relations of the teeth and the surrounding oral tissues (1). Making an impression represents a critical step in processing and fitting of a dental prosthesis (2). Several types of impression materials are produced. These include silicones, polyether, polysulfide and alginate which are available for crowns and fixed partial denture impressions. Silicone impression materials are considered to be suitable impression materials to use for fixed prostheses (3). Also, it has been reported that silicone has the ability to remain dimensionally stable through disinfection procedures (4). Among silicone impression materials, one type of them, called polyvinyl siloxane (PVS) is reported
Infection control in dentistry crucial for the well being of employees as well as the patients. Many precautions must be taken to avoid serious illness or injuries.There are many steps and guidelines to follow in infection prevention but as employees in the dental office we must take the time to ensure no harm is done to the clients or ourselves.