Kashmir is the land of awe-inspiring beauty. Through its incredible and breathtaking beauty, it has earned itself the name of the "Switzerland of the East". Beautiful rivers, calm lakes, tremendous gardens, peak meadows are some of the features of the remarkable landscapes of the Kashmir valley. The peaceful rivers, shiny waterfalls, attractive surrounding and the evergreen forests of Kashmir add to its beauty. Kashmir tourism is also famous for the exotic flora and fauna found in the region. Three mountain ranges surround it the Himalayas- Karakoram, Zanaskar and Pir Panjal. The beauty of Kashmir cannot be better defined than the words of a Mughal Emporer.
"Gar Bar-ru-e-Zamin Ast; Hamin Ast, Hamin Ast Hamin Ast."
It means that if there is paradise on this earth, this is it, this is it, and this is it. It is impossible to exaggerate the beauty of Kashmir.
Over the past sixty three years the problem of Kashmir is no closer to solution, because of which four major Indo Pak have took place Both countries reject total independence for Kashmir. This dispute can be described as a battle between Pakistani guard ship of Muslim rights and Indian insistence on a secular approach. India is unwilling to lose even one additional hectare of this land. To Pakistan, Kashmir bears a symbol of its national ethos and promise to protect Muslim interest against Indian rule. Jammu and Kashmir was a target of externally sponsored religion based terrorism. The goal is to divide people on the basis of sectarian affiliation and undermine the secular fabric and territorial integrity of India. Kashmir militant groups have committed about serious abuses included the deliberate targeting of Kashmir Hindus by terrorists groups and foreign mercenaries. It had...
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... is that the Jihad in Kashmir has given rise to religious militias whose politics is not always inconsonance with their political system in Pakistan. They are tolerated by the state because they are waging war which the Pakistan cannot join. . Besides the popular factions that support either party there is a third faction who supports independence and withdrawal of both India and Pakistan. These have been the respective stands of the parties for long and there have been no significant change over the years. As a result, all efforts to solve the Kashmir conflict have been useless so far. In reality, Pakistan is highly responsible nation. It is calm itself, as compared to the storms around. Even though it had a government headed by many military men, it is a government of Moderates. A stable Pakistan in the world is known as “World’s Belated Recognition of its Status”.
Blij has clearly put this book into historical significance by mentioning the idea of geography and how it plays a role in societies all over the world. However, the five themes of culture regions, cultural diffusion, cultural interaction, cultural ecology, and cultural landscapes are all clearly defined within a specific context to a particular nation. Through reading this intriguing piece of literature I received the underlying notion that Blij firmly believes that landscapes of the world realm are not going to change. De Blij worldview of regions, diffusion, interaction, ecology, and landscapes has allowed him to simultaneously link issues together from the United States all the way to Southeast Asia.
As the English were just coming into Tsenacomoco located on the eastern side of Virginia at Chesapeake Bay, the Virginia Algonquian speaking Indians known as the Powhatan attacked from within the woods using bow and arrows. From this, the English settlers returned fire with their muskets. The Powhatan Indians retreated back to their village known as Wereocomoco, and alarmed their chief, Wahunsunacock more commonly known as Chief Powhatan. The English settlers followed the Powhatan Indians back to their village where they were immediately met by about seventy warriors with their faces brightly painted, ready to attack. The year is 1607, and the location as we know it today is Jamestown, Virginia.
The paradise that Kubla Khan creates is a delightful playscape. At first, it seems a bit compulsively arranged, a bit overly luxurious, a bit too Disney. The "sinuous rills" adds a slightly ominous element to the Edenic paradise, a hint of what's to come. Already, though, there is a distinction implied between what is natural -- the "sinuous rills" and the "forests ancient as the hills" -- and what is clearly man-made, nature bent to mankind's service: the enfolded "sunny spots of...
World War I and II took a toll on many nations, one of them being Britain. After Britain finished fighting two world wars they were struggling with debt (India, 36). This is a major reason that leads them to withdraw from many of their colonies. There was also rising tension between Hindus and Muslims in this empire, which was getting out of control. The separation of Pakistan and India was beneficial for Hindus and Muslims alike.
Nationalism proved to be very effective for the colonized people as it sparked up, in India, with the start of World War 1, and in Southeast Asia with the growth of Western political and economic interest. We hear about nationalism all the time, but I feel like not a lot of people know what it means. Britannica defines it as “An ideology based on the premise that the individual’s loyalty and devotion to the nation-state surpass other individual or group interests.” (Kohn). Nationalism helps a group of people form a sense of unity with each other, however, I think that nationalism could be a possible pathway to war and violence. Nationalism played a large part amongst the colonized people in India and Southeast Asia, and I hope to explore its impact on the freedom of their homelands.
National unity and ideology are the major political concerns in post colonial societies, that is why they used to apply assimilation strategy. This strategy is applied by the dominant groups. These groups might not hesitate to use state force in their own favour. So the state’s policies favour the powerful and dominant group. Pakistan is also one of the examples of plural societies. Here the state used to adopt assimilation policies to create national unity. Resultantly, the state has lost its Eastern Part. Still, various ethnic groups off and on show their resentment and different ethno nationalist movements are in the struggle to preserve identity. Following table is also helpful to show how the state of Pakistan
‘This land is not/ just a plot to bury my dead my seed.’ In these lines we are able to see just how beautiful our earth truly is. We may bury our dead in this exquisite earth, but we do much
“The recurrent metaphor of landscape as the inscape of national identity-asserts Bhabha- emphasizes … the question of social visibility, the power of the eye to naturalize the rhetoric of national affiliation
The Prince of Kashmir chose India but Pakistan invaded the province soon after and have occupied part of Kashmir since then. Controversy still surrounds the province today because naturally, Muslims want to control it. While many Muslims relocated to Pakistan and the Hindus to India, half of the Muslim population was left in India and their relations did not improve after being partially separated.
During the Cold War, many regional conflicts occurred and were noted as the significant battles which later led to decolonization. One of the regional conflicts were India and Pakistan fighting for their independence. In 1947, India was released under Great Britain’s control and gained its independence. However, the country was divided between Muslims and Hindus, which share different religions. Muslims wanted church and state to become unified while Hindus wanted a separation of these two establishments. Since these two ethnic groups disagreed, it was difficult to create a new government. Therefore, India was divided into two nations: India for the Hindus and Pakistan for the Muslims. Hindus and Muslims were racing to the border in order to get to their nation state which led to killing 500,000 people due to rioting. Although, Mohandas Gandhi, an Indian National Congressman, wanted to obtain peace between these two religions. Pakistan refused the H...
There is a distinct difference between popular Indian nationalism, that is the nation believing in a state independent of Britain, and Indian nationalist movements, for example the Muslim League or the Hindu revivalist movement. These movements fought for independence but were far more religiously orientated and were fighting in their own interests. Although Indian nationalism initially found expression in the Mutiny of 1857, its deve...
In late 1947, the newly created states of India and Pakistan went to war over the valley of Kashmir. A United Nations brokered ceasefire divided the state into Indian and Pakistani controlled territories, and resolved that a referendum would be held in which the people of Kashmir would be able to choose to join either country. The referendum has not been held to this day. India granted its portion of Kashmir a special status within its constitution, allowing for a great degree of self-autonomy. However, successive Kashmiri governments have been dissolved by the government of India, and elections have only been held in the presence of its armed forces. In 1965, Pakistan and India waged a second indecisive war over Kashmir. In the 1980s, resistance within Kashmir itself against the Indian government took on a violent nature, with guerilla attacks against Indian army bases. India responded with heavy army clampdowns, and since then the situation has only escalated and get worse. It is estimated that well over 34,000 people have died within the valley, and the relations between the two countries have become increasingly acrimonious. India blames Pakistan for the militant uprising, claiming Islamabad is supporting cross border terrorism. Pakistan responds that it merely provides diplomatic and moral support arguing, furthermore, that India’s history of human rights abuses in the valley is to blame. With both countries now in possession of nuclear arms; the recent war in KARGIL and the increasing number of civilian deaths, refugees, and other human rights issues within Kashmir, the conflict seems to be taking on a more serious nature. In this paper I will discuss the Kashmir conflict in some depth, examining the problem in...
Inc, E. T. (2003). A monument of Imeasurable beauty & love. Retrieved Feb 11, 2012, from Taj Mahal: http://www.tajmahal.travel/
Choudhry, Dr. Shabir. “Human Security and Protection of Rights of Kashmiri People under Pakistani Administration.” Counterurrents.org. N.p., 18 Mar. 2011. Web. 15 May 2011. .
Out of many places I visited all around the world, the place I like the most is the beautiful city of Agra. It’s a quite town located on the North of India. When we talk about Agra one image that comes in mind is Taj Mahal. Yes one of the seven wonders is here. Agra is full of architectural monuments. And I also visited Agra Fort, Fatehpur Sikri, and Buland Darwazaand. Food was not really good. Besides Taj Mahal, Agra is famous for handicrafts, leather and fine arts. It was fun shopping at Agra.