Christine de Pizan
Perhaps what Christine de Pizan found most alluring in Jeanne d'Arc was her eagerness to go, not only where no woman had gone before, but where no man had worn the path down either; she was not only the first woman to lead France in War, but the first person under 19 to do so. She experienced that which "had hitherto not been discovered or known," a qualification Christine gives to women whom have claim to great feats (herself included) in her
"Reply to Lady Reason" from THE BOOK OF THE CITY OF LADIES.
Unlike Christine, Joan had faced adversity early on in the form of her parents who wished to force a husband upon her. While (respectively) Christine's father was encouraging her classical education, which would later help support her own children, Joan was on trial against her parents for refusing to marry. At 15, Christine married a court secretary, Etienne de Castel. At 17, Joan led France into battle. The two seem to have nothing in common but that they are both French women.
At 25, however, Christine's fortune changed. She too had to fight for her rights in the French courts after her father, Tommaro di Benvenuto da Pizzano, died in 1380 (or '85, depending upon the source). Her husband died five or ten years later in 1390, leaving her estates along with those her father had left, both of which the French government would have liked to take from her in the lawsuits (lasting five years) following his death. Of this, she writes, in MUTATION OF FORTUNE, that by abandoning her with three children, fortune forced her to rely on her literary skills to support her family, thus transforming her role in society into a man's, allowing her to fight for her own rights as a woman. Moreover, in VISION, written in 1405, she argues that if her husband had lived, she sould never have had literary success.
The three most apparent themes in Christine's life and works: women's rights, political ethics, and religious devotion- also explain her draw to Jeanne d'Arc, whose first and last experiences with France's judicial system, as well as her millitary experiences, encapsulate all of these themes.
Jehanne d’Arc or more commonly known as Joan of Arc nicknamed the Maid of Orleans is a brave heroine who is known for her work during the Hundred Years War. With her defeat at her last battle, Joan ends the Hundred Years War and years later gets declared a saint for her bravery and sacrifice. Throughout her life, she struggled with an education and growing up on a farm. Later in those years she beings to hears voices and sees visions believing it to be from the Heavens and joins the French war because of it. Only being a teenager through all this, at the age of 19 she’s gets betrayed by who she thinks is an ally and burnt at the stake for charges.
Christine realizes a new perspective on women’s oppression after her journey with the Ladies of Reason, Rectitude and Justice. In The Book of the City of Ladies, she becomes more outspoken about female priorities as the text progresses. “In short, all you women, whether high, middle or low social rank, should be especially alert and on your guard against those who seek to attack your honour and your virtue” (de Pizan 239). Christine’s quote explicitly puts females as a top priority, which was never done before. Because of the Ladies’ many explanations to Christine of women’s importance to humanity, she finally speaks out to her peers, saying to put themselves first by being alert to protect their honour and virtue. Not only does Christine tell women to put themselves first, she also urges them to avoid men’s love. “O my ladies, fly, fly from the passionate love with which they try so tempt you!” (de Pizan 239...
Through all the hardships and blood, Joan of Arc was a fierce warrior and led the French to complete victory. Starting out in a maiden village, and more of a shock for being a woman, Joan completely transform herself and France. Advancing in a year and a month, crowned a reluctant king, rallied broken people, reversed the course of a great war, and shoved history into a new path (Richey 1); Joan made a name for herself. No one can ever suppress what she achieved at such a young age.
Joan of Arc is perhaps one of the most well-known and influential women in Western history. Arthur Conan Doyle argued that “Next to the Christ the highest spiritual being of whom we have any exact record upon this earth is the girl Jeanne" (Denis 5). Her fearlessness and devotion to God has been praised by iconic figures such as Winston Churchill, Pope Benedict XVI and Mark Twain. Her accomplishments are immortalized in history books, art and pop culture. Unlike any other, Joan stands as a feminist leader and an inspiration to all Christians.
During the Middle Ages of Europe there was a great war between France and England known as the 100 year War. Throughout this war there were many historic battles and many warriors that have had stories told about them over the years. None more famous than a young girl from a small village named Joan of Arc. Joan of Arc lived a short life, but did so much that she has many songs, stories, and even today movies made about her. If there was one person that deserved to have stories told about them, Joan of Arc is that person deserving.
Many studies have been done pertaining to egg donation and its medical aspect, but very few studies shows the ethical implications of egg donations. Health Laws such as Fertility Clinic Success Rate and Certification Act,1992 regulates the advertisement of success rate of fertility clinic. Only few states have federal laws for informed consent from egg donors (1-3). Informed consent means that donor understands all the minor details surrounding the egg donation procedure, its side-effects- medical, legal, ethical and emotional and gives permission to undergo the procedure without hesitation or coercion.
The effect of Joan of Arc can be best understood and explained by looking at some of the events surrounding her birth and childhood. She was born in the later half of the Hundred Years’ War. The war was between France and England, which began over the land and control of Aquitaine, located in the southern part of France. Both countries had made legitimate claims of the land, but the dispute was unresolved and war was declared. The war was mainly fought in France and by 1429, England had gained a great portion of France. Joan also entered the world at a time that there was a lot of turmoil not only in her country but also within the church. At this time the Christian theology was not catering enough to the nobility or to the needs of the townspeople. Many were upset and wanted to instill a different type of church. The people became upset with the clergy because they were unaware of or involved in their society. So in order to expel the church leaders and those that stood in their way, rumors of heresy and accusations were thrown. The church began to spiral into much upheaval. Commoners were accusing priests and clergy of heresy and thus weakening the church and their message. So when Joan was born into a town that was associated with a large group of witches and heretics, rumors began to spread about her also.
For child conceived through In Vitro Fertilization and/or egg donation, in some cases, the feelings are harder to explain. Questions get more difficult, and explaining their conception becomes a science presentation. Bioengineering through egg donation and/or IVF should be made totally illegal in the United States because of the violation to the natural rights of both donors and their children, unethical handling and disposal of fertilized embryos, negative impacts
“Communication is the heart of nursing… your ability to use your growing knowledge and yourself as an instrument of care and caring and compassion” (Koerner, 2010, as cited in Balzer-Riley, 2012, p. 2). The knowledge base which Koerner is referring to includes important concepts such as communication, assertiveness, responsibility and caring (Balzer-Riley, 2012). Furthermore, communication is complex. It includes communication with patients, patient families, doctors, co-workers, nurse managers and many others. Due to those concepts and the variety of people involved, barriers and issues are present. Knowing how to communicate efficiently can be difficult.
“I am not afraid… I was born to do this,” confidently stated the brave and courageous Joan of Arc on her feelings of leading an army into battle (Joan of Arc). From being born into an ordinary farming family in northeastern France to becoming canonized a saint, Joan lived a legacy. Her call to life a holy life from God and to lead France into many battles against England show her strong faith and trust in the Lord. The early life, uprising, downfall, and canonization of Joan of Arc are factors that summarize her extraordinary life. Her humility during the good times and her strength during bad times make Joan an admirable woman.
While Madame Ratignolle, Madamoiselle Reisz and Edna are very different characters, all of them are unable to reach their potentials. Madame Ratignolle is too busy being the perfect Louisiana woman that she no identity of her own; her only purpose in life is to care for her husband and children. Madamoiselle Reisz is so defiant and stubborn that she has isolated herself from society and anyone she could share her art with. Edna has the opportunity to rise above society’s expectations of females, but she is too weak to fight this battle and ultimately gives up. While these three characters depict different ideas of what it truly means to be a woman and what women’s role in society should be, none of them can reach their full individual potential.
It is a moral dilemma when people focus on the egg’s quality because it gives a parental irresponsibility by falling short of their expectation of the baby. In Jessica Cohen’s article, “Grade A: The Market for a Yale Woman’s Eggs,” she says that David and Michelle were looking for “an Ivy League donor” who received a minimum SAT score of 1500, and who is “over five feet five [and] Jewish heritage” (190). David and Michelle advertised in the Yale Daily News that they need a perfect egg donor for $25,000. They didn’t state about the health in their requirements for a right egg, but rather asked about education and appearance. Also on the application on Egg Donation’s Web site is very long with full of unnecessary questions such as “what two of my favorite...
Moreover, people opposed clinics destroying frozen embryos because it is the owner’s property. It is the owner’s (in this case donator) decision to determine what will happen to the embryos. There are people who have emotions towards their embryos. Especially for the donator that undergoes a lot of process creating those embryos. Based on an interview, a donator said that a lot of people put emotions and effort to produce the embryos. Embryos matter because they are special for the people who donated it and it is just a personal feeling. Because of this, they don’t accept their embryos disposed.
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner was published in 1798 by the notorious author Samuel Taylor Coleridge. The Rime of the Ancient Mariner is a first person account of a sailor who had just returned from a long sea voyage. At the beginning, The Mariner decides to stop a man who is on his way to a wedding celebration, as this happens, the Mariner decides to narrate what happened on his trip.
The significance of Martha’s madness to the play is that it reveals the various themes present in Who’s Afraid of Virginia Woolf? Martha stands as a specific example that every person is afraid of escaping from their illusion and wants to fit into society, which is an essential theme of the play. Like Martha, one can continually live a life with fear and madness; however, one day, one must live a life with clarity in order to live a life without illusions.