Christina Rossetti was born in London on December 5, 1830 . She had two brothers and one sister, Dante Gabriel Rossetti , William Michael Rossetti and Maria Francesca Rossetti. Their father, Gabriele Rossetti, was an Italian poet and a political asylum seeker from Naples, and their mother, Frances Polidori, was the sister of Lord Byron's friend and physician, John William Polidori.
Rosetti was home schooled by her mother because in the 1840's her family was stricken with severe financial difficulties due to the deterioration of her father's physical and mental health. When she was 14, Rossetti suffered a sever nervous breakdown, which in the following years was followed by sever bouts of depression and closely related illnesses. It was during this period of Rossetti's life that she, along with her mother and sister, became seriously invested in the Anglo-Catholic movement that was part of the Church of England.
This religious devotion played a major role in Rossetti's personal life for the rest of her life. In her late teens she became engaged to a painter James Collinson, but there commitment eventually ended because of religious differences that they had. James Collinson reverted back to Catholicism. Some time after that Christina Rosseti became involved with the linguist by the unfamiliar name of Charles Cayley, but she did not marry him either because of, once more religious issues.
For some time it was believed that Christina Rossetti was a member of the Pre-Raphaelite movement, However Christina Rossetti was never a member of the group known as the Pre-Raphaelites.She was only connected to this group because her father and her brothers were members of the group. Although she was not a member she was a crucial member of the inner circle. In fact her brothers, Dante Gabriele Rossetti and her other brother William Michael Rossetti were original founders of the Pre-Raphaelite Brother hood back in 1849, along with a few other original founders by the names of , William Holman Hunt (1827-1910), John Everett Millais (1829-1896), James Collinson, Thomas Woolner, and F. G. Stephens, in order to revitalize the arts.
The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (also known as the Pre-Raphaelites) was a group of English painters, poets and critics, founded in 1848. The group's intention was to reform art by rejecting what they “considered to be the mechanistic approach adopted by the Mannerist artists who followed Raphael and Michelangelo”. They believed that the Classical poses and elegant compositions of Raphael in particular had been a corrupting influence on academic teaching of art.
Frances Cabrini was born in July 15, 1850 to Agostino Cabrini and Stella Oldini in Sant’Angelo Lodigiano, Lombardi, Italy. She was one of eleven children born to the Cabrini family and one of the only four children that survived past adolescence. She was born two months premature and was small and weak as a child. These factors, as well as the strong faith of her parents, would have an impact on the rest of her life, mission, and works. Agostino Cabrini, her father, often read Propagation of the Faith to her and the rest of the family. The stories were all about the missions in China and from a young age, Frances desired to become a missionary. By the age of eighteen, Frances knew that she wanted to be a nun, however; her weak health stood in the way. She could not join the Sacred Heart of Jesus. So instead, in 1863, Frances enrolled as a boarding student at the Normal School in Arluno with the intentions of becoming a schoolteacher. The school was directed by the Daughters of the Sacred Heart. Frances lived at the school for five years, residing in the convent with the nuns. Frances was elated to live with the nuns and to share a faith-centered life with them. She graduated from the Normal School in 1868 with a degree in teaching.
Rossetti, Christina. The Poetical Works of Christina Georgina Rossetti. With Memoir and Notes &c. Ed. William Michael Rossetti. London; New York: Macmillan, 1904.
Artemisia was born on July 8 of 1652 in Naples, Italy. She has been credited as one of the most famous female artists of the Baroque period. Her father, Orazio Gentileschi, helped her develop her skills as he was an artist as well. In her early life, she lost her mother at the age of twelve years of age, which may have led to her style of artwork. Another possible contributing factor is that she was raped by one of her father’s colleagues named Agastino Tassi. She married a Florence painter named Pietro Antonio di Vicenzo Stiattesi, and moved to Florence with him. Together, they had one female child. She befriended many artists, thinkers, and writers during her time, which included Galileo the astronomer. She was a female artist in a male dominated art world of her time, and succeeded at standing out.
While it is uncertain about what her role was prior to pursuing a career in art, whatever it was played a significant role in her creative expression. Unfortunately, like so many other female artists during this time, we know very little about her. Some of her art is still in circulation and on display. Some of her relief work is located at some of the Bologna churches. Rossi along with other women artists created art in a time when society rarely took women seriously in affairs outside of the home. Yet, Properzia de Rossi proved that she could transcend in a male-dominated profession. Her creative volume was small as far as we know, but what she did create was nothing short of prodigious, not just for a woman, but also for any artist. De Rossi along with other women artists, did not let gender ideology of that time, hinder them in doing what really wanted to do, create. Sadly, de Rossi health took a turn for the worst at a very young age. This explains the low volume of artwork that she created. She is believed to have been a victim of the plague in 1529. She later died on February 24, 1530, penniless, and without close relatives and friends. She died on the same day as Charles V's coronation by Clement VII. Clement VII was informed that de' Rossi was a "noble and elevated genius,” and was told of her death as he was on his way to meet her. She will
In September 1848, a group of seven men banded together secretly to create the “Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood,” or “P.R.B.” (Whiteley 6). This group included: Gabriel Charles Dante Rossetti (1828-1882), John Everett Millais (1829-1896), William Holman Hunt (1827-1910), Thomas Woolner (1825-1892), William Michael Rossetti (1829-1919), James Collinson (1825-1881), and Frederick George Stephens (1828-1907). Though this movement lasted only a few years, these men pulled the art establishment away from the stagnant rules of the Royal Academy by painting works that revitalized religious, moral, and romantic themes, and made them more approachable; firmly grounded in human emotions and reality.
During the Renaissance, people were dedicated to studying human works. They would observe from real life to gain inspiration, new ideas, and to try to recreate the world as they saw it in their art. New techniques such as scientific and atmospheric perspective were created, changing art forever. Artists would use their skills to create works for patrons, from the Church, various guilds, and other religious orders. During the High Renaissance, Julius II commissioned Raphael to decorate the Vatican Palace. The first of the rooms he decorated was The “Room of the Signature”, where he painted The School of Athens. Originally, this room housed Julius II’s personal library, but later on it would be the room where papal documents were signed. In 1508, Raphael began painting four frescoes that represented theology, philosophy, law, and the arts. As stated in Janson’s History of Art Volume II, This fresco “represents a summation of High Renaissance humanism, for it attempts to represent the unity of knowledge in one grand scheme.” Raphael’s The School of Athens is a prime example of humanistic art, as evidenced by the subject of the art itself, the classical elements in the piece, and it’s scientific and illusionistic rendering.
Artemisia Gentileschi (1593 – 1652), daughter of a well-known Roman artist, was one of the first women to become recognized in her time for her work.. She was noted for being a genius in the world of art. But because she was displaying a talent thought to be exclusively for men, she was frowned upon. However by the time she turned seventeen she had created one of her best works. One of her more famous paintings was her stunning interpretation of Susanna and the Elders. This was all because of her father. He was an artist himself and he had trained her and introduced her to working artists of Rome, including Michelangelo Merisi da Caravaggio. 1. In an era when women artists were limited to painting portraits, she was the first to paint major historical and religious scenes. After her death, people seemed to forget about her. Her works of art were often mistaken for those of her fathers. An art historian on Artemisia, Mary D. Garrard notes that Artemisia “has suffered a scholarly neglect that is unthinkable for an artist of her caliber.” Renewed and long overdue interest in Artemisia recently has helped to recognize her as a talented renaissance painter and one of the world’s greatest female artists. She played a very important role in the renaissance.
Michelangelo di Lodovico Buonarroti was born on March 6, 1475 in Caprese, Tuscany. His dad was Lodovico di Buonarrotto and his mother was Fracessca Neri. Michelangelo was also the second of five brothers. His mother was not capable of raising Michelangelo so his dad let a stonecutter’s wife raise him. Sadly, Michelangelo’s mom died when he was six (Bonner Par. 1-13).
Other members of the French Impressionist Group include, Monet, Renoir, Cezanne and Degas. Cassatt was known as “the painter and poet of the nursery” (Advameg 6). Cassatt painted members of her family and frequently painted her sister Lydia, who resided in Paris, with Cassatt until she passed away after battling an illness for a large amount of time until she passed away in 1882. After her sister’s death Cassatt took a break from painting. (Creative Commons License 14). Cassatt also painted a portrait of her mother entitled Reading Le Figaro (Creative Commons License 15). Later in Cassatt’s career she moved away from impressionism and Cassatt’s new painting style did not fit in any movement (World Biography 6). Her new painting style was simpler than impressionism (Creative Commons License 19). Later in life after taking a trip to Egypt Cassatt viewed the art done by the ancient Egyptians and began to question her level of skill and the artwork that she had created thus far. One of Cassatt’s friends that went on the trip had contracted a disease in Egypt and shortly after their return home, died. These two instances left Cassatt depressed and unable to paint, this loss was emotionally draining and physically jarring and
The British Royal Academy of Art dictated how young artists learned their craft and the works that were considered successful art. Three students at the Royal Academy; Dante Gabriel Rossetti, William Hunt, and John Everett Millais, set out to create work that differed from the Academy’s established criteria. Those three men formed the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood in secret in order to create original artwork that differed from the establishment. The painting Ophelia, by Millais invokes the criteria the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood constructed to govern their paintings and the influence of Victorian English culture on the artist. Ophelia
Christina Rossetti born in London on December 5, 1830; Rossetti was homeschool by her mother Gabriele Rossetti; during her homeschooling she developed a great devout religious temperament as a young girl. Christina along with her mother and sister were all a member of the evangelical branch of the Church of England, Rossetti later on developed interest in the Tractarianism and became a Tractarian. A Tractarain was a follower(s), and supporters of the Oxford movement, Tractarianism was basically the religious opinions and principles held by the founders of the Oxford movement that was placed in series of ninety pamphlets titled Tracts for the Times, published in Oxford, England between 1833-1841.Rossetti bega...
These artists created an art movement in Harlem and after- school art programs, they taught classes to both kids and adults. This allowed
John Everett Millais ' Ophelia (1852, oil on canvas) is arguably the most well-known example of Pre-Raphaelite art to modern audiences. Taking its subject from Hamlet, and on public display at Tate Britain, it is understandably already an object of much discussion. The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood (PRB) was a small yet well-known group of Victorian artists who found inspiration in the sincerity and comparable simplicity of work, literally, prior to the career of Raphael. Millais (1829-96) was one of the three significant members, joined by Dante Gabriel Rosetti (1828-82) and William Holman Hunt (1827-1910). Their break from traditional artistic formulae was an attempt to revolt against the prism of academia and rote-learned methods championed
Saint Catherine was born in Siena, Italy on March 25, 1347. She was one of twenty-five children, and she had a twin but she died when she was just an infant. Her father, Giacomo di Benincasa, was a cloth dyer and her mother, Lapa Piagenti, was the daughter of a poet. Catherine grew up being a very happy child. It is reported that when she was around 6, she she had a vision of God. When she was 7, she vowed to give her whole life to God.
But, if you have ever heard of the Rococo style in the art world you would more than likely hear it is this crazy girl era where women had free reign to create art any way they saw fit. You more than likely would have been influenced to lear...