Chlamydia trachomatis is the most widespread and infamous bacterial infection affecting the genital tract. Not only is it quite common in developed countries but an increase in cases has sprung up in developing countries as well. In the United States, there is a 4 million per year case rate of chlamydia which costs the US approximately $2 billion dollars in consequences and treatments. Persons who suffer from chlamydia in underdeveloped countries and have no means of seeking treatment may become blind because chlamydia has the potential of causing trachoma. It is becoming a global interest to control and restrain this budding disease. In order to do so it is essential to recognize the symptoms of chlamydia, diagnose the victim, and provide treatment immediately.
Observing symptoms of chlamydia is often a difficult process considering that 75% of females and 50% of males are asymptomatic; for those who are infected and do show symptoms, there are obvious signs directly connected to the chlamydia bacterium. In infected females, purulent discharge and a burning sensation while urinating are common indicators. The irregular discharge can be mistaken for normal vaginal discharge making this indicator slightly less conspicuous. These signs are caused by the bacterium’s concentration on the cervix and urethra and is classified as an acute endocervical infection. Other signs in the female are spotting between menstrual periods, fever, and severe back and abdominal pain. In males, burning sensation and discharge from the penis also occur. In addition, pain around the opening of the penis as well as soreness of the testicles can be observed. These symptoms occur from epididymitis. The contraction of chlamydia through anal penetration can lead to rectal discharge, bleeding, and pain. If symptoms appear the next stage is to verify that the symptoms are directly related to the chlamydia bacterium.
There are a number of methods in the process of diagnosing a potential case of the chlamydia trachomatis bacteria. Classic methods of diagnosis have been centered on cell culture; the “culture era” began in the 1970s and proceeded into the late 1980s. Cell culture “was the inoculation of clinical material into animals, embryonated hens eggs or tissue culture cells and the demonstration of characteristic chlamydial inclusions.” Minor complication...
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...s were tested for chlamydia through IgG antibodies and the PCR process. The study concluded that IgG antibodies in males were associated with lower pregnancy rates and a higher IgG antibodies count in the woman. There is a higher occurrence of IgG antibodies in the infertile couples than in fertile couples. After some treatment, the odds ratio of not successfully completing pregnancy with the male being chlamydia trachomatis positive is 2.6. In those couples that were not treated, the odds ratio is much higher at about 3.9. The study deems it “cost-beneficial” to screen infertile couples by means of the PCR tests because it is been deemed “cost-effective” in places where the chlamydia bacteria was very common.
The chlamydia trachomatis disease is on the rise so further studies and research is quite necessary to maintain a tight grip on this epidemic. Innovative diagnosis will assist persons infected with chlamydia to identify the disease in early stages to help reduce further complications and cost concerns. Advancement in treatments will evidently be beneficial for those with acute and chronic stages of chlamydia which will also reduce costs as well as grief to those infected.
Introduction: Chlamydia Trachomatis is the organism responsible for diseases such as trachoma and the STD Chlamydia. Chlamydia is the most common STD in the United States, with about 4 million new cases diagnosed every year.
Hemophilia is a genetic bleeding disorder. People who have hemophilia have a deficiency or an absence of a coagulation protein. A blood clotting factor is deficient or absent. Bleeding is most often into joints, such as the knee, elbow, or ankle, but bleeding can occur anywhere in the body. People with hemophilia bleed longer, not faster.
When the bacteria are already in someone it can be passed by having sexual intercourse and oral sex. The infection can show up in the mouth, genital area, and rectum. Also, if a person already has a sexually transmitted disease, it’s easier for someone to transfer the disease to that person that is already infected. The signs and symptoms for gonorrhea differ between men and women. Symptoms are rarely seen in patients with gonorrhea. In men during urination there will be a feeling of discomfort, there will be a puffy substance that will come from the genital area, and the testicle may expand and have inflammation. In women the genital area will display unusual discharge, in the abdominal there will be a lot of distress, and in the pelvic region there would be periods of
Gonorrhea in women can cause vaginal discharges that are bloody or yellow, painful urination, bleeding between periods, excessive bleeding during menstrual periods, painful intercourse, and lower abdominal pain. Symptoms of rectal infection include discharge, anal itching, and occasional painful bowel movements with fresh blood in the feces. When treated early, there are no long-term consequences of gonorrhea. Doctors usually prescribe a combination of antibiotics, such as ceftriaxone, doxycycline, or azithromycin, which will treat both diseases. Serious complications can occur, however, when left untreated.
Clinical Features. Chlamydia trachomatis is an infection that often goes unnoticed. Patients typically present asymptomatic and are only diagnosed after routine testing. Those that do have symptoms typically report an onset within two to three weeks after sexual contact. Because of the low occurrence of symptoms and the reluctance of patients to report symptoms, the incubation period is very vague with an estimate being around a few weeks. C. trachomatis grows slowly adding to the length of the incubation period.
Chlamydia can cause proctitis (inflamed rectum) and conjunctivitis (inflammation of the lining of the eye). The bacteria also have been found in the throat as a result of oral sexual contact with an infected partner. In tropical climates, a particular strain of C. trachomatis causes an STD called lymphogranuloma venereum (LGV), which is characterized by prominent swelling and inflammation of the lymph nodes in the groin. Complications may follow if LGV is not treated; this infection is very rare in the United States.
SUMMARY: Chlamydia trachomatis is one the most prevalent bacteria that found in patients with Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs), which almost represent asymptomatic in society. Two hundred sixty urine samples of women in two groups (symptomatic and asymptomatic) were collected from patients attending STI clinic at Mehrad hospital in Tehran and tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the presence of C. trachomatis DNA. A total of 39 women in both group were infected (14.99%), which 27/130 person of them were in symptomatic group (20.76%), compared with 12/130 person in asymptomatic group (9.23%). A significant association was seen between C. trachomatis infections with history of STIs in both groups dependently and with urinary variable parameters such as WBC in each group independently, and with epithelial cells just in symptomatic women. The present study shows that screening strategies for chlamydial infections as part of routine investigations, especially in-married symptomatic women are
Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection is a respiratory illness that targets the lungs. Like most respiratory diseases it is spread from coughing, sneezing, or germs. The lung illness peaks during the ages 5-15 even though any age can get this disease.
In addition to affecting the gastrointestinal tract empacho can also involve the pelvic region of the body. When it affects the pelvic area it can result in problems such as vaginitis8. This occurs when there, “Is an inflammation of the vagina that can result in discharge, itching and pain. ”12 Symptoms of vaginitis consist of, but are not limited to, pain during urination, discolored vaginal discharge, and intense vaginal itching.
Sexually Transmitted Diseases Sexually Transmitted Diseases STDs, a.k.a venereal diseases, infectious diseases passed from one person to another during sexual contact. STDs are the most common infections known. More than 12 million people in the United States, including 3 million teenagers, are infected with STDs every year. The United States has the highest STD rate in the world about one in ten Americans will contract an STD during his or her lifetime. People who do not know they are infected risk infecting their sexual partners and, in some cases, their unborn children. If left untreated, these diseases may cause pain or may destroy a woman's ability to have children. Some STDs can be cured with a single dose of antibiotics, but AIDS cannot be cured. Those most at risk for contracting STDs are people who have unprotected sex—without using a condom, people who have multiple partners, and people whose sex partners are drug users who share needles. Static’s show that Americans between the ages of 16 and 24 are most likely of catching STDs than older adults, because younger people usually have multiple sexual partners than an older person in a long-term relationship. Teenagers may be embarrassed to tell their sexual partners they are infected Teenagers may also be embarrassed or unable to seek medical attention for STDs. This means that they only more likely to pass the disease to other young people and have a greater risk of suffering the long-term consequences of untreated STDs. STDs are transmitted by infectious bacteria, viruses, parasites, fungi, and single-celled organisms called protozoa that live in warm, moist parts of the body, like the genital area, mouth, and throat. Most STDs are spread while having sex, but oral sex can also spread disease. Some STDs are passed from a mother to her child while pregnant, when the disease enters the baby's bloodstream, during childbirth as the baby passes through the birth canal, or after birth, when the baby drinks infected breast milk. AIDS can be transmitted by blood contact such as open wounds, between people who share infected needles or received through an injection of infected blood. Some people believe that STDs can be transmitted through shaking hands or other casual contact, or through contact with inanimate objects such as clothing or toilet seats, but they can’t. Chlamydeous, is from trachoma is bacterium, is the most commonly transmitted STD in the United States.
For men there is a General Physical Exam to check the testicles and penis for abnormalities , ask about sexual habits, medical history, and medications. Semen Analysis is for the color, quality, concentration, and infections also where there is blood present. They also do a Blood Test for the levels of testosterone and other male hormones, and Ultrasound to check for a ejaculatory duct obstruction, retrograde ejaculation, or abnormality. Since Chlamydia can affect fertility they will be tested for it and if found medication will be prescribed.
...lomavirus (HPV), pelvic inflammatory disease, syphilis, trichomoniasis, vaginal infections, and other sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including recent facts about prevalence, risk factors, diagnosis, treatment, and prevention : along with tips on discussing and living with STDs, updates on current research and vaccines, a glossary of related terms, and resources for additional help and information (4th ed.). Detroit, MI: Omnigraphics.
Being all members of the human race surely we have all sympathized for the less fortunate; whether it was for what they had or what they didn’t. There is a condition that most have never considered, and probably have never heard of. Imagine big white and red spots that decorate every part of your body so that they can’t be hidden. On the inside you have a painful sinus infection and after a while a loss of peripheral nerve sensation so bad that your hands and feet go numb. You could go blind or you could loose your nose, ears, or even legs to amputation. Unfortunately the physical ailments are the best part. Throughout history leprosy sufferers have been cast off from society with as much concern that dead bodies are sent to graves.
It takes years for most women to be diagnosed with this mysterious disease, says Ghadir. Unfortunately, that's because the only definitive way to diagnose it is with a surgical biopsy of the tissue. Still, Ghadir urges women to tell their doctor if they have any of the symptoms: chronic pelvic pain, severe menstrual cramps, spotting before your period, painful bowel movements or urination especially during your period, and discomfort or pain during sex especially during deep