Chinese and American Foreign Policy
analytical Essay
2248 words
Chinese and American Foreign Policy Since the fall of the Soviet Union, the Cold War was over, making the U.S. the only superpower left in the world. This has made the international system much more tranquil, and relaxed. The only country potentially powerful besides the U.S., is China. Many Americans fear China, not only because they are communist, but also because of their huge population. Their population is 1.3 billion people, which accounts 1/5th of the world’s population. As one of the only potential superpowers in the world, it would be in the best interest of all Americans if the U.S. and China became allies, instead of enemies. Peace and development, economic prosperity and social progress, are goals that both of these two countries share. Unfortunately the world is full of many destabilizing factors. We have to figure out how to make the 21st century peaceful and stable, despite all of these factors. The U.S. and China are two awesome nations. One, being the largest developed nation in the world, the other one being the largest developing country in the world. Both are already permanent members of the United Nations Security Council. The two countries also share common interests in making sure peace and stability is not only done in Asia, but the world at large. We both share common responsibilities in the promotion of global cooperation, and in the prevention of weapons of mass destruction, the crackdown on terrorism, drug trafficking, and other cross-border crimes, along with many other chief areas of primary concern. For example, there is a huge potential for cooperation between countries in the following areas: environmental protection, culture, energy, preventing the proliferation of weapons of ... ... middle of paper ... ...e sorted out and dealt with appropriately. Hopefully the election of George Bush, a new, hopefully competent U.S. President, can get things taken care of more appropriately than Bill Clinton did. Over the long term, it is felt that we are most likely to be dealing with China, no longer ruled by the communist party but with a reform-minded leadership. This should be on the minds of future policy-makers tackling short-term strategic issues. Even before the events of the 1989 Tiananmen Square massacre, foreign business was becoming more realistic of the China market. It is felt that China is a great source of income for U.S. business. So why don’t we give that 1/5th of the world a chance? All we can do now, is sit back and watch the future events, to know what is going on with China, and how the U.S. is impacted by the future developments, that China makes.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how reform removed some of the assumptions for revolution and impeded its progress. the chinese student revolutionaries in tokyo extended their war of words to physical combat.
- Argues that the u.s. and china should become allies, instead of enemies, since they share common interests in peace and stability.
- Analyzes how the chinese revolutionaries' neglect of socialist principles contributed to the failure of the 1911 revolution.
- Analyzes how china's political fallout from the tiananmen crisis shaped much of its political landscape after 1989.
- Analyzes how china and the u.s. have been through many different phases of friendship together. they have gone from allies (wwii) to enemies (cold war).
- Explains that mfn status can be withdrawn from china by enactment of a joint resolution disapproving the mid-year annual renewal of the jackson-vanik waiver authority with respect to china.
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- The Rising China and the United Statesanalytical essayThe article “U.S., China and Thucydides” (Robert B. Zoellick, 2013) addressed the security dilemma between the rising China and the U.S. through the historical story, “the Thucydides trap”. In addition, the chapter 15 in the book US FOREIGN POLICY, by Michael Cox and Doug Stokes, indicated the situation of changing East Asia, rising China, and the role of the U.S. in this region in different periods. Therefore, the materials have revealed an important question about Sino-US relation, which is should the United States cooperate or compete with the rising China?
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the article 'u.s., china and thucydides' addressed the security dilemma between the rising chinese and the us through the historical story. the chapter 15 in us foreign policy indicated the situation of changing east asia and rising china.
- Analyzes how robert's article suggests that the u.s. and china should cooperate in the future even though there would be many intensions and frictions.
- Concludes that china's peaceful rise has consoled its neighbors and the united states that it remains a status quo power.
- Opines that china and the united states should cooperate not only in the future, but also seize the opportunity to cooperate from now on.
- Opines that the u.s. and china are vital players in the world, especially when coping with the east asia regional security issues.
- Explains that the future trend of the sino-us relationship is to cooperate through competition, which is the "competitive coexistence".
733 wordsRead More - China’s Rise and Policy Options for the United Statesanalytical essayThe rise of China as a great power will most likely be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the United States in the 21st century. The rapid growth of China’s military and economic power – and the simultaneous decline in American capabilities –could become a source of tension and perhaps conflict between the two countries as the responsibilities that each state feels it should take on begin to change. There is reason for optimism, however, as specific economic factors, the general “openness” of the current international system, and shifting trends in how great powers interact with one another should exert a cooling influence on the Sino-American relationship. The strategy that the United States is currently pursuing has been largely successful at preventing potential flashpoints between the U.S. and China from igniting, but several additional measures could and should be taken to further decrease the risk of conflict between the two countries.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the rise of china as a great power will be one of the greatest potential challenges facing the united states in the 21st century.
- Argues that china's growing share of global power presents a serious challenge to the security of the united states. the recent financial crisis has seen china become more assertive and vocal on the world stage.
- Opines that china may soon begin to challenge the united states militarily, as the recent naval incident with the us and deployments to fight piracy prove.
- Argues that the united states and china are not destined to conflict. china's rise, though seemingly inexorable, is not guaranteed.
- Argues that the truism that power transitions cause conflict may no longer be the case. the deterrent effects of nuclear weapons, the expense of modern conventional conflict, and changing norms among policymakers make great power conflict less likely.
- Opines that american and chinese policymakers have shown remarkable aplomb in dealing with periodic crises in the relationship.
- Argues that the united states should encourage its east asian allies to bolster their defense capabilities so they are less reliant on american security guarantees.
- Analyzes fettweis, christopher j, haas, mark l, ikenberry, g. john, and kagan, robert.
- Cites pape, robert a., seonjou, kang, and tessman, brock f.
1587 wordsRead More - China and United Statesanalytical essayThe history of United States-China relations tells a story of distrust, exploitation, naivety, and conflicting viewpoints, but also one of a struggle to bypass those differences. In recent decades, the two nations have been increasingly reliant on one another, but America still cannot overcome many of the divisions established between the U.S. and Maoist China Michael Schaller argues. Though relations became hostile the era following the end of the Second World War, China's diplomatic view of the U.S. and the West had always been quite reserved. China's attitude towards America never deterred it (America) from pursuing its interest within the Far East. During the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, America sought to open the Chinese market to expand trade and increase the amount of missionary work within China. From the collapse of the Qing until the end of the "loss of China" in 1949, the U.S. sought to insure that the Chinese market and potential military power remained U.S.-friendly in the post-war era. After Mao's Communist Party of China seized the mainland, the U.S. began to point fingers for the loss of Chang Kai-shek's pro-American state. Tensions eventually cooled in the 1970s with Nixon's outreach to China, ushering in a détente between the powers. In this new stage of relations, America and China sought to forward mutual interests towards the containment of the Soviet bloc.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how the history of united states-china relations tells a story of distrust, exploitation, and naivety, but also one of the struggle to bypass those differences.
- Explains that america began its history with china "from their initial contact in the 1780s" during the twilight years of china's imperial era.
- Analyzes how the growth of international narcotics trade broke down china's isolation as more chinese became addicts of the opium imported by british merchants.
- Analyzes how the expansion of the alien religion sparked attacks on missionaries and converts alike, driving the wedge between the chinese and the west.
- Explains that many americans found it difficult to accept the new wave of chinese immigrants to america. the senate passed the chinese exclusion act in 1882.
- Explains how the united states sought to ensure its role as a major player in the asian market without having to compete militarily for domination of china.
- Explains that the chinese were too weak to reverse the tide of foreign domination within their nation. revolutionaries such as sun yat-sen and yuan shihk'ai overthrow the qing regime.
- Explains that the kmt established a "unified front" against japanese aggression and sent chang kai-shek to the soviet union to protect the nation from japan.
- Analyzes how the ccp's wartime policy of fighting japanese forces and self-portrayal as a pan-chinese unifier led to tense relations between the two nations.
- Analyzes how nixon and kissinger campaigned for a "peace with honor" after the vietnam war and tet offensive. china saw the opportunity to improve sino-american relations.
- Explains that nixon's resignation in 1974 worried chinese officials, who questioned whether his opening to china had provoked it. politics in the u.s. would slow the process of normalizing relations with china.
- Analyzes how the economic interests of the late twentieth and twenty-first centuries have strengthened the need to maintain a working relationship with the other, yet tension because of geopolitical ambitions tends to put both nations at odds with one another.
- Analyzes how sino-american relations have been tedious, but there are moments of cooperation between the two powers. america's outlook of china has been naive, and the struggles of modernization and american attempts to control the region have caused drastically varied reactions.
2040 wordsRead More - Anti-Americanism in Chinaanalytical essayAnti-Americanism is defined in terms of “psychological tendency to hold negative views of the United States and of American society in general”(Katzenstein and Keohane, p.12). History expanded the love-hate relationship between China and the United States from political, economical, social perspectives. Distinguishing predisposition and opinion is vital as well as understanding the multidimensional views from a heterogeneous group of people. Anti-Americanism is perceived in different ways among public opinion polls, norms and emotions in China.
In this essay, the author
- Analyzes how public opinion polls measure an attitude of anti-americanism in china embedded in cognitive emotions. the majority of americans viewed osama bin laden as a malevolent man.
- Explains that china has opened the door to foreigners and welcomed visitors to see the rapid change in the country.
- Explains that china on bin laden. washington times, 5 may 2011: a08. opposing viewpoints in context.
- Analyzes how chinese schools taught history as a series of guo chi, or national humiliations caused by foreign powers.
- Analyzes the washington times' "inside china" and opposing viewpoints in context.
- Explains katzenstein, peter j., and robert o. keohane. anti-americanisms in world politics.
- Explains shambaugh's book, anti-americanism: origins and context, in association with the american academy of political and social science.
- Analyzes shuja, sharif m., "the united states and china." contemporary review 280.1633 (2002): 86+.
- Defines anti-americanism as a psychological tendency to hold negative views of the united states and american society in general.
- Analyzes how mcdonalds molded the image of the american food in china.
- Concludes that the chinese are not xenophobic and irrational, but should be proud of their country after taking goodness from china.
- Explains that china now owns a record $1.317t of u.s. government debt.
1992 wordsRead More - Relations Between the United States and Chinaopinion essayThe sovereignty of a nation, the integration of territories and national reunification and safety are the focus of Sino-US relationships. The US refuses to accept a powerful China. The previous secretary of the US Assistant Secretary of State Winston Lord once told reporters that at the beginning, America and China focused to settle down the problems on how to treat each other in a strategic way and the problems will determine the Sino-US relations characteristics after the cold war to a large degree. Since the cold war ends, the relationship between China and the US averts to such matters as Taiwan issues, Hong Kong, Tibet, South China Sea and so on. The Twain issue has always been a core, critical and primary one in the relationship between China and the US, which is also a strategic one sine the cold war. And this issue lasts to the 21st century. Among all kinds of problems on the relationship between China and the US, the Taiwan issue is the most critical and tough one which lasts for a long time and has a negative effect on the Sino-US relations. The US just adheres to One China principle in words not in deeds. For instance, in 1992, the US sent F-16 fighters to Taiwan and also sold warship to Taiwan Straits in 1996 year. All this actions worsens the relationship between China and the US, which also causes contradiction of the main interests of the two powers in the world.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the taiwan issue is the most critical and tough one in the relationship between china and the us, which is also a strategic one sine the cold war.
- Analyzes how the us is ambivalent about taiwan's membership in the un, the world bank, and other international organizations.
- Opines that taiwanese identity doesn't mean that they have an anti-china attitude or a preference to confront with china.
- Explains that young taiwanese consider working in china as an important experience for their long-term career goal. china is more international than taiwan.
775 wordsRead More - Trade Relations of the US and China in the Last Four Decadesargumentative essayThe United States and Chinese trade relation dates back in the year 1971 when these two countries re-opened doors to each other (DoS). Though the relationship of these two economies has been seen to be somewhat un-easy especially due to their recurring trade wars, there have been some significant milestones of mutually beneficial relationship.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the united states and china's trade relationship dates back to 1971, when they re-opened doors to each other. though the relationship has been un-easy due to their recurring trade wars, there have been some significant milestones of mutually beneficial relationship.
- Explains that the trading volume from 1971 has significantly been on the rise both in terms of exports and imports, up to levels of us dollars 532.2 billion in 2012.
- Explains that the trade gap between the two giants has cost the united states a whooping us dollars 37 billion in wages.
- Explains that the most affected industries are manufacturing and non-trade related industries. these deficits have been seen to harm the working american families.
- Analyzes how trade relations have been affected by the strained quarrels over china's alleged manipulation of its currency and usage of industry-subsidies which are deemed illegal.
- Explains that china has experienced deficits of up to us dollars 10 billion and costing over 1 million jobs to its natives, who are the minority workers.
- Opines that a brief history of the trading between the two nations can help policy makers come up with viable adjustments and developments which would be stipulated into policies to curb the growing deficit thus in return creating more jobs and reviving the dwindling sectors.
- Explains the economic trade history of the two nations. the first decade between 1970 and 1980 saw the lifting of certain barns and barriers of trade, and conferred the contigent most favoured nation status on the chinese nation.
- Explains that the second decade, between 1980 and 1990, saw america and china transfer of goods, ideas, values, technology, and personnel. the trade between these two nations had almost tripled to over us dollars 7 billion by the close of 1989.
- Explains that the tiananmen crisis caused an uneasy relationship between the two giant nations. china joined the world trade organization (wto) in 2001.
- Explains that the fourth decade between 2001 and 2012 has seen a more cooperation between the u.s. and china beyond that of wto.
- Concludes that china claims to have an economy that is less than half in size than that of america's economy. their trade patterns within their bilateral economic conformities within the last forty years suggests china has no interest in remaking or un-making the entire global economic system.
- Explains that the trade gap with china costs the us $37 billion in wages.
792 wordsRead More - The Relationship between the US and Chinaanalytical essayFrom the beginning of their establishment, the bilateral relations between the United States of America and China have changed throughout the time. The bilateral relations of the two countries emerged from 1970’s with the ‘Ping-Pong’ diplomacy and there have been many pauses in their mutual relations. The US and China enjoyed cooperation in economic and military spheres and the mutual relations grew massively during until the end of 1990’s. The heads of the two states began visiting each other’s countries and the economic ties were tightening year by year. However, the issues of human rights and free speech declined mutual Sino-American relations. The American principle of democracy promotion and human rights protection minimized the Sino- American relations after the Tiananmen Square events in 1989, the US Presidents-George Bush and Bill Clinton- playing a key role in determining the further American foreign policy towards China.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that the first decade of american-chinese relations started in 1971 with 'ping-pong diplomacy', when mao zedong invited american table tennis team to visit china.
- Analyzes how the events of tiananmen square had a negative impact on the relations between the us and china.
- Explains that the president of the united states formulates american foreign policy and plays an important role in the conflict situations. the case of tiananmen massacre became a topic for debate in both domestic and international politics.
- Analyzes how the issue of human rights in china and the tiananmen incident negatively influenced the diplomatic relations between america and china.
- Explains that the relations between the united states of america and china have always been unstable. the two countries developed mutual relations from the end of world war ii until the 1970s.
- Cites bosworth, barry, "conflicts in the u.s.-china economic relationship: opposite sides of the same coin?", the brookings institution.
- Cites dong, wang, the asia-pacific journal, vol. 11, issue 24, no. 4, june 17, 2013.
- Cites lawrence, susan v., "u.s.-china relations: an overview of policy issues", accessed october 19, 2013.
- Explains that china through a lens is a lens of china-us relations, accessed october 19, 2013.
- Opines that china's foreign relations after tiananmen: challenges for the u.s.
- Explains turner, oliver, "sino-us relations then and now: discourse, images, policy", political perspectives 2011, vol.
- Cites yuan, jing-dong, "sino-us military relations since tiananmen: restoration, progress, and pitfalls".
- Cites yan, xuetong, "the instability of china–us relations", the chinese journal of international politics 3, no. 3 (2010): 263-292.
- Explains that the bilateral relations between the united states of america and china have changed since the 1970s with the 'ping-pong' diplomacy.
- Explains that the 1980s were the decade of different types of reforms and growth in the american-chinese transfer of goods, values, ideas and technology.
1491 wordsRead More - The Pros And Cons Of China And China Relationsexplanatory essayThe U.S and China relations has intend become very well known in the international scene. There are some many good things about trade and the economy such as competition, security, wealth, fairness, globalization interdependence and domination and strength for all countries that open their border to trade and influence between other countries. It is also a great thing to bash in politics in the U.S. There are benefits to trade to each country as wells as what are the disadvantages of the trade deals and are there certain agreements that are being manipulated and the manufacturing sector in the U.S. economy and the reason why China and the U.S. behave they say it does with each other (Mearsheimer) in the international
In this essay, the author
- Opines that the u.s and china trade deals are the best that shows the liberal and realism point of view of cooperation between two major dominates in the international stage for its own interests.
- Explains that china entered the wto in 2001 and became the sixth largest economy and largest market trade partner with the u.s.
- Explains that trade deals with the u.s. have made china a dominating country in the world economy. china's manufacturing exports to the us were 10.8% in 2002.
- Explains that the u.s. has an estimate of 2.3 trillion goods and services by 2013. china has opened and liberalized its market which gave it another reason to trade and increase its gdp.
- Explains that the trade deal with china is ironic because china has the biggest u.s debt and that keeps us interest rate low. they are a clear idea of realism thought in international studies.
- Explains that this kind of deals exploits the global south because it makes it needier and very dependent in the northern globalization and becomes a bi-polar environment.
- Explains that the u.s. manufacturing sector is hurting and has had a high impact on it.
- Opines that the world needs a stronger and effective imf for multilateral and international economics treaties.
- Explains that china and other asian countries have thwarted global payments and adjusting its values and that has led to global rules being made by and not being followed and violating the international monetary system.
- Explains that china is an economic power and the u.s. behaves negatively towards it because of currency manipulation and devaluation to get an advantage in trade.
- Explains that the u.s. and china behave differently because china has a large population and increased consumption in the world.
- Concludes that the u.s. and china trade deals have had a big impact in both countries. the difference is that china needs to keep its debt and low interest rate for us consumers.
2383 wordsRead More - America and Chinaopinion essayNational economics are often adversarial in nature, a global contest where countries seek to gain advantage over their neighbors, all in the name of wealth and gain. America is no stranger to the game; the U.S. has been the world’s economic leader for the better part of a century. China, however, is the leading contender for the economic top-spot (), and America continues playing directly into China’s hand. America’s current trading posture with China is drastically skewed in China’s favor; if America is going to preserve its position as the leading economic power, existing U.S.-Chinese trading agreements will need to be revised, and additional regulations must be introduced to promote balanced dealing.
In this essay, the author
- Explains that national economics are often adversarial in nature, where countries seek to gain advantage over their neighbors, all in the name of wealth and gain.
- Opines that the consequences of losing the global economic contest are very real. wealth contributes directly to a country's global power, and affords influence as well as security.
- Explains that globalization is a fundamentally constructive revolution that creates jobs, promotes trade, and encourages cooperation between countries. the interconnected nature of national economies discourages international hostilities.
- Opines that china's entry into the world trade organization is an economic boon and mutually beneficial for those involved. however, trade with china has economically compromised america.
- Explains that china's market is largely a state controlled participant in the otherwise free markets. the situation has not gone unnoticed.
- Explains how u.s.-beneficial trades can be shifted to china's favor by the deliberate manipulation of the dollar to yen.
- Explains that outsourcing is a tempting proposition for profit-driven companies seeking to optimize net gains by minimizing expenses. it has caused the loss of an estimated 2.7 million u.s. jobs between 2001 and 2011.
- Opines that china and america are inextricably tied at the economic level, but the relationship has proven to be to the detriment of america's economy.
- Opines that america's lead on the economic rankings has been deteriorating. the economist expects china to eclipse america by 2020, and there is little talk of america having any hope of defending its position.
- Analyzes the role of china in the u.s. debt crisis.
- Cites scott, robert e., "the china toll." economic policy institute, 23 aug. 2012. web. 8 dec. 2013.
866 wordsRead More - The Rise of China: Conflict or Co-operationanalytical essayThe rise of China as a global economic and political player is a significant development in world politics and is one that has been unprecedented in history. China's global impact is increasingly felt on every continent, in most international institutions, and on many global issues. (1) (Shambaugh 2013) This is starting to create a power transition from the West to the East as the United States starts to decline, shifting the world landscape from a unipolar world towards a bipolar world. Historically, the emergence of new poles of power in the international system have been geopolitically destabilizing such as the rise of Russia, Germany, and the United States (2) (Layne 2008) Power sharing between superpowers has lead to conflict, fuelled by suspicion and mistrust. What will make China the exception as there demand for resources and expansion grows? Although China claims a “peaceful rise” to power, their actions in the international and regional and local systems have created conditions for conflict that has potential to be devastating to the world order.
In this essay, the author
- Opines that china's future role will be as a co-operative bilateral and multi-lateral actor in the international arena, building their legitimacy.
- Explains china's support for authoritarian regimes has had devastating effects fuelling conflict in darfur. china has been consistently resisting the status quo.
- Argues that china's rise as a global economic and political player is significant in world politics and has been unprecedented in history.
- Argues that the brics alliance builds a cumulative and committed group of state sovereignty defenders, who are concerned with maintaining and reaffirming their independence as states.
- Opines that china's participation in the international system has been about serving their own interests over international communities, and as a way to contest the west without creating deep conflict.
- Argues that china is trying to undermine the current international system as they see a declining us.
1626 wordsRead More