Child Abuse Child abuse has been known one of the major destructions of lives in the society. National center for injury control and prevention for child maltreatment has made it known that over a million of children suffer from child abuse, while some children lose their lives from maltreatment. More than seven children die as a result of child abuse, and some programs have been developed in order to help children from being abused. There are only four major types of abuses: emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical abuse and neglect. Child abuse has been found to have bad effects on the lives of the abused victims.
“The Effects of Family and Community Violence on Children.” Annual Review of Psychology 51 (2000): 445 – 479. PsychINFO Web. 30 Jan. 2014. Margolin, Gayla, and Katrina A. Vickerman. “Posttraumatic Stress in Children and Adolescents Exposed to Family Violence: Overview and Issues.” Professional Psychology Research and Practice 38.6 (2007): 613 – 619.
Prevalence of childhood exposure of domestic violence can be understood considering many different things such as the numbers of children exposed and their experiences, how exposure impacts children development, factors that increase risks or provide protection against the negative effects of exposure, and the types of interventions that can be implemented to mitigate deleterious effects (Osofsky, 2003). The two most widely cited two researchers Carlson and Straus developed estimates of childhood exposure to domestic violence. Based on studies of the number of households experiencing domestic violence each year, Carlson found that at least 3.3 million children yearly are at risk of exposure to parental violence (Herrenkohl, Sousa, Tajima, Herremkohl & Moylan, 2008; Edleson et al., 2007). Straus estimated an even higher level of exposure using retrospective accounts by adults in their teenage years. Stratus estimated that 10 million American teenagers were expose... ... middle of paper ... ...d exposure to adult domestic violence.
Print. Klika J, Herrenkohl T, Lee J. School Factors as Moderators of the Relationship between Physical Child Abuse and Pathways of Antisocial Behavior. Journal of Interpersonal Violence March 2013 28(4).Print. Romero-Martinez A, Figueiredo B, Moya-Albiol L. Childhood history of abuse and child abuse potential: The role of parent's gender and timing of childhood abuse.
Child abuse, while having many different forms and levels of severity, can be basically defined as the maltreatment of a child by a parent or other adult. When one thinks of child abuse, usually the first thing that comes to mind is physical harm, but the issue is actually much more complex. The abuse of a child can also be manifested in verbal and emotional forms, as well as in sexual molestation. All forms of child abuse generally result in similar emotional disorders and behavioral issues, but the major consequences of sexual abuse, such as mental or emotional scarring, promiscuity, and the tendency of former victims to become sexual abusers, cause it to be the most severely damaging form of child abuse. Sexual abuse cannot be clearly defined with ease.
Many do not heal without years of therapy from a traumatic experience. According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, an estimated 777,200 children were determined to be victims of abuse or neglect by a protective service agency in the United States in 2008, and 9.1% of these children were determined to have been sexually abused (Draucker, 2011). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a prevalent problem in the United States that is associated with many long term psychological, behavioral, social and physical effects on men and women (Draucker, 2011). These effects can make a person’s life a living hell. They turn someone into a person that they may not have been if the tragic event didn’t happen to them.
Changing Minds. Retrieved January 31, 2014, from http://changingminds.org/articles/articles/empty_chair.htm: Trask, E. V., Walsh, K., & DiLillo, D. (2011). Treatment effects for common outcomes of child sexual abuse: A current meta-analysis. Aggression & Violent Behavior, 16(1), 6-19. doi:10.1016/j.avb.2010.10.001
Academic Search Premier. Web. 6 Dec. 2013. Sullivan, Tami P., et al. "Differential Relationships Of Childhood Abuse And Neglect Subtypes To PTSD Symptom Clusters Among Adolescent Inpatients."
13 Feb. 2014. Olson, G., and M. L. Fuller. "Long-Term Effects on Domestic Violence on Family Members."Education.com. Pearson Allyn Bacon Prentice Hall, n.d. Web.
Office on Abuse and Neglect, Children’s Bureau. 2003. Web. 13 March 2014. “Effects of Neglect on Children.” nspcc.org.