Chemistry coursework – Fuels
Planning
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Aim
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In this investigation I will have to find out which of the alcohol
fuels: methanol, ethanol, propanol and butanol, is the best. The
‘best’ one will be the one which creates the most energy whilst
burning.
Introduction and prediction
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A fuel is a substance burned for heat or power. The best type of fuel
is one that: can be transported safely without the worry of it
catching on fire, gives out a lot of heat for a certain mass, does not
cost very much, lights quickly, burns slowly, is safe to use and does
not give off any form of polluting gases.
When burning alcohols, as I am going to do in this investigation, the
reaction is exothermic as heat is given out. Breaking the bonds of the
original alcohol by burning requires energy-it is endothermic, making
the bonds of the new products of burning the alcohol ie carbon dioxide
and water gives out energy-it is exothermic.
I predict that Butanol will require the most energy as it has the most
bonds holding the carbon, oxygen and hydrogen atoms together. Propanol
will require the second largest amount of energy, Ethanol the third
and Methanol the least amount of energy to break these bonds.
Methanol CH3OH
Ethanol C2H5OH
Propanol C3H7OH
Butanol C4H9OH
Pentanol C5H10OH
Therefore I predict that Methanol will be the ‘best’ fuel, followed by
Ethanol, then Propanol and the worst fuel will be Buta...
Compared with the accepted value of –601.8 kJ/mol Mg, our experimental error was 2.46%. Introduction In this investigation the change in enthalpy will be determined from the following equation: 2Mg + O2 ® 2MgO, but in an indirect manner. Magnesium metal burns on a bright, extremely hot flame to produce magnesium oxide. It would be difficult to measure the heat of the reaction since the reaction is rapid and occurs at a high temperature (LeMay et al, 1996).
Collins, Suzanne. Catching Fire. United States: Shmoop University, 2014. Shmoop. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. .
One type of engine is a called a fuel cell. A fuel cell operates like a battery. Unlike a battery, a fuel cell does not run down or require recharging. It will produce energy in the form of electricity and heat as long as fuel is supplied. A fuel cell consists of two electrodes sandwiched around and electrolyte. Oxygen passes over one electrode and hydrogen over the other, generating electricity, water and heat. Hydrogen fuel is used to make all this work. Fuel cell emissions are nothing but water vapor.
non-economical - a. E = mc E = Energy M = mass of water C = Specific heat = Difference in temperature Using this equation, I will be able to find out which fuel gives out the most heat energy and use the least amount of fuel.
Gasoline and the economy, the impact it has on the society. The current gas prices have a larger impact on consumer spending, however not so much on the percent of gasoline purchased, after all people still have to drive themselves places. (consumer psychologist.com) A major increase in cost will be necessary to lessen the quantity demanded. Gasoline is too costly and harmful to the economy and the environment thereby society needs to find alternative fuels, which best serve, the society.
good emitter of heat radiation so a lot of heat will be lost to the
the same will be the height of the tin can above the wick. I will keep
Full combustion should generate two products only: carbon dioxide and water vapour. Hypothesis Within a molecule there are bond energies that hold the atoms together. When the fuel combusts, a chemical reaction takes place, this breaks the bonds, this requires energy, and makes new bonds, this gives out energy. The energy differences between the two tell us how much energy was given out or taken in. We can show this in a graph.
Ripped Fuel is a dangerous supplement and it is important that my cousin and his parents know what Ripped Fuel is and the present and long term effects of using this product. Even at an appropriate age, taking Ripped Fuel can have negative side effects on the person consuming it. A few of these side effects include: insomnia, nervousness, and headaches; all of which are caused by the high doses of caffeine. In more serious cases, there have been reports of heart palpations, tremors, and agitation. A majority of weight loss supplements increase the amount of water consumed by the body and Ripped Fuel is no different. If one does not intake the required amount of fluids while taking Ripped Fuel, their body will experience dehydration.
There would be a change in the amount of energy given off that is getting greater, the more carbon atoms in the fuel, the more there are more bonds to be broken and formed, thus producing more energy. In a chemical reaction, bonds in the reactant molecule are broken and new ones are formed. Atoms are rearranged and rearranged. Energy has to be put in to break bonds, and energy is given out when bonds are formed.’ When the total energy put in is greater than the energy put out, the substance cools down (it is endothermic).
In economics, particularly microeconomics, demand and supply are defined as, “an economic model of price determination in a market” (Ronald 2010). The price of petrol in Australia is rising, but the demand remains the same, due to the fact that fuel is a necessity. As price rises to higher levels, demand would continue to increase, even if the supply may fall. Singapore is identified as a primary supplier ...
Finding Out Which Fuel Releases the Most Energy Per Gram. Aim: To be able to Find out which fuel releases the most energy per gram. Scientific Theory: What is the Science of Heat is the transfer of energy between two objects due to a temperature. The sand is a sand.
Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.
In order for a system to gain energy the surroundings have to supply it, and visa versa when the system looses energy the surroundings must gain it. As the energy is transferred it can be converted form its original form to another as the transfer takes place, but the energy will never be created or destroyed. The first law of thermodynamics, also known as the law of conservation of energy, basically restates that energy can’t be destroyed or created “as follows: the total energy of the universe is a constant.” All around the conservation of energy is applied. When gasoline burns in the engine of a car, an equal amount of work and heat appear as the energy is released. The heat from the engine warms its surroundings, the cars parts, the air, and the passenger area. The heat energy is converted into the electrical energy of the radio, chemical energy of the battery, and radiant energy of the lights. The change in the sum of all of the energies formed from the burnt gasoline would be equal to the “…change in energy between the reactants and products.” Biological processes, like photosynthesis, also follow energy conservation. The green plants convert the radiant energy emitted by the Sun into useful chemical energy, such as the oxygen that we breathe. The energy transferred between any surroundings and any system can be in the form of various types of work, chemical, mechanical, radiant, electrical, or heat.
For a long time gasoline has dominated our world. It has been only now in the late 20th century to now that new fuels have surfaced to challenge the might of gasoline. One type of alternative energy that can be used instead of gasoline is hydrogen fuel cells. Ever since 2003 when President Bush announced the Hydrogen Fuel Initiative car companies have been trying to develop Hydrogen fuel cell cars that are cost effective and practical. Alone the USA has invested billions of dollars on fuel cell research and development.