Aerobic Treatment
Aerobic treatment is a biological process, the principle of which is the use of free or dissolved oxygen by microorganisms (aerobes) in the degradation of organic wastes. Since oxygen is available to working aerobes as an electron acceptor, the biodegradation process can be significantly accelerated, leading to increased throughput capacity of a treatment system.
Factors influence on treatment process
In order to provide high-rate oxidation of organic pollutants, microorganisms must be provided with an environment that allows them to thrive. Temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and other factors affect the natural selection, survival and growth of microorganisms and their rate of biochemical oxidation.
i. Temperature ii. Initial
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When evaluating different aerators using the standard clean water test, the ability of each aerator in bringing the oxygen in the air into the water is judged by the amount (kg) of oxygen dissolved in the water by the aerator in consideration of the operating time (hour) and the pump size (horsepower). The common unit for aeration efficiency include: kg (O2)/kWh and lbs (O2)/hp-h. Obviously, the higher the aeration efficiency, the more efficient the aeration system will be.
In order to maintain aerobic conditions, large quantities of oxygen must be provided. If the influent to the ATU has an ultimate BOD of 100 mg/L, then 100 mg of dissolved oxygen per liter of influent must be provide in order to satisfy the oxygen demand. The primary function of the aeration system is to transfer oxygen to the liquid at such a rate that dissolved oxygen never becomes a limiting factor. Oxygen is only slightly soluble in water. Natural aeration cannot meet the demand of this high-rate unit process and therefore, oxygen transfer must be engineered into the treatment unit in order to maintain a minimum residual of 1 mg of dissolved oxygen per liter of
The word “remediate” means to solve a problem, so the word “bioremediation” refers to the use of biological organisms to solve an environmental problem. Bacteria, fungi, protists and other microorganisms in a non-polluted environment are constantly breaking down organic matter, and when the soil is polluted, some of the organisms may die, but others will still be able to break down the pollutants. Bioremediation provides organisms that can consume the pollutants with fertilizer, oxygen, and other conditions to encourage the rapid growth of these organisms. They then would be able to break down the organic pollutants at a correspondingly faster rate. There are two general ways in which bioremediation functions. One way is where specific survival conditions of a microorganism living in the soil are enhanced to increase the rate of a pollutant’s degradation. The second way is when specialized microbes are added to degrade the contaminant. This way is less common. For many types of polluted soil, bioremediation provides an excellent method of clean-up, but in some cases the pollutant is toxic even for the microbes. These pollutants include metals such as cadmium or lead, and salts such as sodium chloride. Although it may not work in all cases, bioremediation is considerably easier than other methods because it enhances the functions that the microbes already carry out in the soil. Along with being easier, it can be much less expensive because the soil does not have to be pumped out of the ground for treatment (Environmental Inquiry-Bioremediation). Serratia Marcescens is a bacterium that is commonly used for bioremediation.
The experiment is aimed at giving a better understatement of osmosis process and the different conditions in which osmosis occurs.
The oxidized water that the unit produces has a low pH level of 4, the redox potential is between +700 to +800 mV, and it gains its ability to oxidize and sterilize due to its shortage of electrons.
...nvironmental Microbiology. New York: A John Wiley & Sons, Inc; 1992. pp. 125?156. Accessed December 2, 2013.
The key stakeholders are Peter Vyas, the manager of filtration unit and Cynthia Jackson who is the vice president of water management division. Vyas was convinced that the survival of the unit depended upon innovative growth and thus he appointed a technology evaluation team with the responsibility of using technology to solve the problem of obtaining clean water in remote regions, by developing a small-scale oxidation system that enabled waste-water disinfection in small batches. His utmost concern is the technological aspect of developing the product. On the other hand, Cynthia’s perspective was shaped by the marketing angle of the product. She recommended the development of future proposals using a rigorous three phase process which links the markets analysis and technological development to busines...
Comment on class result with respect to differences in filter types, differences in filter assemblies, and overall on the confidence you would have in using this type of sterilisation process in preparation of pharmaceutical products. List the factors that may cause contamination during filtration. (20 marks)
Due to the Water Pollution Control Act of 1970, there are stringent standards that need to be considered when depositing wastewater from the process. It was not possible to show the path that the wastewater would take after leaving the system, however, the pollution standards were considered. The water that was produced in the reaction were present in streams with other components such as CO2, butadiene, and maleic anhydride. Due to this exposure, the separated water will be sent to a waste water treatment plant where it will undergo many steps to ensure that the pollutants have been properly removed (Plant Design Book
In industry, the performance specifications for a particular pump may be known, but the tests are usually based on water as the pumping medium. For liquids of significantly higher viscosity than water, these performance curves may only be accurate at certain flow rates, or they might not be valid at all, and it might be necessary to recalibrate the specifications for higher viscosity liquids.
There are several types of treatment methods present but biological treatment methods have gained much traction in the recent years due to their low operation costs, comparatively benign effects on the environment and their ease of handling and maintenance. Biological wastewater treatment methods can be subcategorized into dispersed growth systems and attached growth systems. Biofilms fall under the latter category (Sehar & Naz, 2016)
The bacteria and wastewater is mixed in an aeration tank and therefore the contaminants are removed by action of sorption and series of breakdown by the bacteria.
Environmental pollution produces bacteria which results as diseases and disorders in humans, animals, agricultural plantations. The process of pollution occurs when toxins are released into the ground water from landfill sites, this pollution stays in the environment for hundreds of years, while they break dow...
Microbial decomposition releases nutrients into the environment that are needed by other organisms. Microbes are also involved in the cycling of many other important compounds in — and between — ecosystems, including oxygen, carbon and nitrogen. Many microbes use the energy of sunlight to convert carbon dioxide to oxygen, which we need to breathe. As they do this, they create new organic material — themselves — which are then eaten by other organisms. In this way, the cycling of nutrients and energy
Every organism requires a specific environment in order to survive. Bacteria alike, different types of bacteria are able to survive and reproduce in different types of environment. Some factors that affect the growth of bacteria include temperature, presence of certain gases and pH of the medium it is in.
The new solution should be able to last long in order to provide long-term water purification method for the residents in Sandikhola. Therefore only regular maintenance need to be carried out. Thus, it is not necessary to replace the whole system which can cause more hassles and extra costs.
We can achieve a successful oxidation by boiling gently under reflux with acidified sodium dichromate. The fourth practical is to distillate ethanoic acid solution; this is the continuation of the third practical and involves distilling the mixture to obtain a reasonably pure sample of ethanoic acid. The final practical is the filtration of ethanoic acid solution; this involves determining the actual % yield of ethanoic acid by titration against 0.05 M sodium hydroxide. Practical one Equation yeast will carry out anaerobic respiration, using the glucose to enable it to grow and multiply. The equation above shows what the yeast will accomplish inside the bioreactor.