Introduction: A chemical reaction is a process in which one or more substances are converted into other substances (Brown et al. 2015). The speed of a chemical reaction is called the reaction rate (Brown et al. 2015). The reaction rate is the change in the concentration of reactants or products per unit of time (Brown et al. 2015). Sometimes it is possible to measure the rate of reaction by timing a change in appearance (Van Norman 1963). Activation energy is the least amount of energy needed to break the chemical bonds of reactant molecules so that they can form new products (LAB). Molecules collide continuously, but only those that meet or exceed the activation energy and collide in the proper orientation will form new products (LAB). Temperature, concentration, surface area, and the presence of catalysts affect the rate of chemical reactions (LAB). Temperature is the measurement of the average …show more content…
Concentration is the number of molecules per volume, so a change in concentration will change the frequency of molecular collisions, which will change the reaction rate. Surface area is the area of a material that is exposed to another substance, so surface area affects reaction rates by determining the amount of a substance able to interact with other substances. Catalysts are substances that increase the rate of chemical reactions but are not chemically changed in the reaction. The problem of this lab is, “What factors affect the rate of chemical reactions?” The hypothesis is, “Temperature, concentration, surface area, and catalysts affect the rate of chemical
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Many factors influence rates of chemical reactions. Some of these factors include: the nature of reactants, for example the formation of salts, acid-base reactions, and exchange of ions are fast reactions, while in reactions where bigger molecules are formed or break apart are typically slow; temperature, frequently, the higher the temperature, the faster the reaction; concentration effect, the reliance of reaction rates on concentrations are called rate laws. Rate laws are expressions of rates in terms of the concentra...
2. In order to determine how fast a reaction is occurring there must be a basis for measurement. There must also be an indicator substances to determine the change that took place. Then there must be a tool to measure the change. In this lab a spectrophotometer was used. The ABS value is the actual value and it is used to determine the rate of change.
The purpose of the experiment is to study the rate of reaction through varying of concentrations of a catalyst or temperatures with a constant pH, and through the data obtained the rate law, constants, and activation energies can be experimentally determined. The rate law determines how the speed of a reaction occurs thus allowing the study of the overall mechanism formation in reactions. In the general form of the rate law it is A + B C or r=k[A]x[B]y. The rate of reaction can be affected by the concentration such as A and B in the previous equation, order of reactions, and the rate constant with each species in an overall chemical reaction. As a result, the rate law must be determined experimentally. In general, in a multi-step reac...
From the figure1, there is an activation energy which is a minimum kinetic energy that necessary for particles to be participating of the reaction. According to (Ltd., 2014)Occurrence of chemical reaction requires collision of particles which ha...
This report discusses the effect of the reactants’ concentration on the rate of the chemical reaction. Based on the results and evaluations, it is proven that the reaction rate increases as the concentration of hydrochloric acid increases. The collected data has shown that the 2 M hydrochloric acid has a faster reaction rate than the 0.5 M acid, due to its larger volume of water displacement. In conclusion, the results obtained from the experiment support the hypothesis stated.
will result in an increase in the speed of the rate of reaction it has
Rate is determined on how fast something is being consumed in a reaction, or how
Chemical kinetics is a branch of chemistry that involves reaction rates and the steps that follow in. It tells you how fast a reaction can happen and the steps it takes to make complete the reaction (2). An application of chemical kinetics in everyday life is the mechanics of popcorn. The rate it pops depends on how much water is in a kernel. The more water it has the quicker the steam heats up and causes a reaction- the popping of the kernel (3). Catalysts, temperature, and concentration can cause variations in kinetics (4).
Chemical kinetics is the study and examination of chemical reactions regarding re-arrangement of atoms, reaction rates, effect of various variables, and more. Chemical reaction rates, are the rates of change in amounts or concentrations of either products or reactants. Concentration of solutions, surface area, catalysts, temperature and the nature of reactants are all factors that can influence a rate of reaction. Increasing the concentration of a solution allows the rate of reaction to increase because highly concentrated solutions have more molecules and as a result the molecules collide faster. Surface area also affects a
In this lab, it was determined how the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction is affected by physical factors such as enzyme concentration, temperature, and substrate concentration affect. The question of what factors influence enzyme activity can be answered by the results of peroxidase activity and its relation to temperature and whether or not hydroxylamine causes a reaction change with enzyme activity. An enzyme is a protein produced by a living organism that serves as a biological catalyst. A catalyst is a substance that speeds up the rate of a chemical reaction and does so by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. With that energy reactants are brought together so that products can be formed.
One vital process in the human body observed in chemistry is the idea of chemical kinetics. Chemical kinetics is the study of the rate of reactions, or how fast reactions occur.1 Three factors that affect chemical kinetics are concentration, temperature, and catalysis. As the concentration of a substance increases, the rate of the reaction also increases.1 This relationship is valid because when more of a substance is added in a reaction, it increases the likelihood that the
The aim of this experiment was to investigate the affect of the use of a catalyst and temperature on the rate of reaction while keeping all the other factors that affect the reaction rate constant.
that the rate of reaction must be fast enough to make as much of the
The aim of this investigation is to: 1) find the rate equation for the reaction between hydrogen peroxide, potassium iodide and sulphuric acid by using the iodine stop clock method and plotting graphs of 1/time against concentration for each variable. Then to find the activation energy by carrying out the experiment at different temperatures using constant amounts of each reactant and then by plotting a graph of in 1/t against I/T, 3) to deduce as much information about the mechanism as possible from the rate equation.