Chemical Engineering in Singapore
Introduction
When one is talking about Singapore, “world’s financial center”, “best tourist destination” and “cleanest city” are always mentioned compared with “global chemical center”. In fact, as one of the world’s leading energy and chemical engineering centres, Singapore has contributed to the industry a lot, both in terms of output and research. The heart to chemical industry of Singapore is Jurong Island. The following literature review section is going to elaborate the chemical industry in Jurong Island.
Literature review
Today, Jurong Island is home to many companies such as ExxonMobil, Mitsui Chemicals, Chevron Oronite, Shell, Singapore Petroleum Company Singapore Refinery Company, Petrochemical
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The country's manufacturing output in 2014 was S $ 306.6 billion, 299.6 billion Singapore dollars in 2013 manufacturing output. "2005-2014 between Singapore energy and chemical industry output value CAGR of 4.1%, the industry output value from the S $ 68.2 billion in 2005 to $ 102.2 billion Singapore dollars in 2014," Singapore EDB energy and chemicals director Damian Chan expressed. EDB in the fourth quarter of 2015, released by Singapore's manufacturing performance report said, compared with 2014, in 2015 the overall chemical energy output increased 3.9%, specialty chemicals grew 7.1%, petrochemical products increased by 0.4%. (Retrieved from …show more content…
The idea of building Jurong Island was put forward by the government in 1980s. In that time, due to lack of natural resources, high unemployment and lagging industry, government decided to realize industrialization. After thinking twice, the government decided to build a regional chemical centre with the petrochemical sector aiming to reduce the economy’s dependence on electronics manufacturing.
Jurong Island is located in the southwest of Singapore, formed from 7 islands by reclamation. In the 1980s, government chose here to develop chemical industry based on following consideration. First, Jurong Island has excellent geographical conditions. There are harbors with 12-meter-deep water and it is near the railways and highways between Singapore and Malaysia, which lead to the convenient transportation. Besides, the largest river in the southwest of Singapore—Jurong river goes through Jurong Island, which can provide abundant industrial water. Second, because it is newly reclaimed island, the land is owned by government. Therefore, there is no concern about the residents transferring. Finally, in the early 1990s, the world’s major chemical companies invested millions of dollars into Jurong Island to strongly develop chemical
The major industry's that make up Taiwan's economy are energy, agriculture, and information technology. These industries have helped Taiwan in reaching number 27 on the all time GDP list. Taiwan’s gross domestic income is at an outstandingly high US$ 474,149,000,000. This shows that Taiwan has been able to use it's resources to produce at an extremely high level. This production hinges on the success of it's major industries.
There are many benefits to the refinery mentioned in “Rare Earth Plant Ready, But in a Glut” being opened, it would help meet the demand of the metals and it would open jobs for people who need them. This new company would help bring more money into their economy, which can open the door for more businesses to come to their area. This business can have a positive effect on the economy but a negative effect on the environment and health conditions.
Dutch manufacturers too have a global outlook. They export goods worldwide, maintain subsidiaries in many countries and often join forces with foreign partners. The main manufacturing industries are chemicals, food processing, metalworking and the refining of gas and oil. The printing and electronic engineering industries are also world-class. Dutch
China in the last decade has been going under one of the fastest industrial developments in history, with their claims of wanting to build several New York size cities throughout the country, China plans to connect the whole country though the rail system to unify and bring industry to the country as a whole. China biggest growth is in the transportation and textile industry, and in order for the growth to be sustained China relies heavily on the oil important. Even though China relies heavily on outside imports, ch...
After analyzing the situation, there is a need for the company to invest in the local industry. The best idea is to invest in power generation. The strategy is to involve the company in power generation by scaling up the existing electricity production. Availability of the cheap power will not only support the current local businesses, but will also attract international investors. Also, the huge population of the country will ensure that the power generated is gets ready market. Additionally, the company deals with refining of oil destined for the international company. The gas produced in the refining process can be used to generate electricity rather than just selling the
Thai Oil Limited Company is a subsidiary company of PTT Thai group Limited Company which is a corporate company established in Thailand. Moreover, PTT Thai group is the biggest shareholder (49.1% of shareholder ratio) of the issued and paid-up capital of the company. Thai Oil is the firm of petroleum refinery specifically in Complex Refinery produced in high modern tech-nology and relevant to involved chain petrochemical firm. The major market is the national market guaranteed with one of the most efficient oil refinery companies in South-east Pacific. Presently, the oil refinery produce capacity is approximately 275,000 barrel per day (25% of the whole nation oil refinery). Additionally, Thai Oil also involves in the other kinds of the business by the shareholder, for example, power producing business, fundamental petroleum business, Paraxylene producing business, petroleum and chemical petroleum products marine transportation, chemical petroleum pipe transportation, as well as the consulting of energy. Thai Oil Group’s integrated business com-prise of the following sectors; Petroleum Refinery Business (TOP), Petrochemical Business(TPX), Lube Base Petroleum Business, Solvent and Chemical Products Business(TOS/TS/SKAV/TSV), Power Generation(TP/TOPSPP/GPSC), Transportation Business(TM/THAPPLINE), and Manufacture of Ethanol Business(TET). Therefore, Thai Oil also has managed the concept of CSR principle into business strategy. Apart from running business by taking the safety of society
Gibling C. 2013. Construction Process and Post Construction Impacts of the Palm Jumeirah in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Memorial University.
HU, Vicky (2005). «The Chinese Economic of HD Biosciences Co.». In: X Jornada d’Economia de Caixa Manresa (2005: Manresa)
Since it lacks of natural resources, Singapore needs to import mainly its sources from Malaysia especially fresh water. Malaysia also is the second largest export market after Hong Kong (11.6%). Other major trade partners are United States, Indonesia, China, and Japan. The major exports are machinery and equipment (including electronics and transport), consumer goods, chemicals, telecommunication apparatus, pharmaceuticals, and mineral fuels. With the activeness of the government in negotiating the eight free tra...
Singapore acts as a role of an entrepôt for Southeast Asia due to their strategic location, port infrastructure and highly skilled workforce. Singapore also purchases raw materials from other country and then refine the product into a better product to re-export. The reason for Singapore to do this is because of the lack of human and natural resources.
Singapore has only a small number of natural resources, so it relies on its human capital as an advantage which is well-known globally and also known to be a skilled work force. Another advantage that Singapore has is its prime location in where the tiny island is located. This have given the people an edge of being a busy port, placing itself as the leader of the trading hub and logistics
...ree careers make sure that every day activities do not lead to the degradation of the environment. For these reasons, it is clear that chemistry is beneficial to the way of mankind.
Industrialization and modernization are two necessary steps for a country to develop. While industry has grown up, the harmful effects of the industry on environment and society have also been increasing at the same time. Tourism in Vietnam is a typical example. According to Joan C. Henderson, Vietnam’s economy has improved after the reform of “Doi Moi” promulgated by the Communist Party at the Sixth Party Congress in 1986 (271). Since this event happened, Vietnam has encouraged the international tourists. The number of visitor arrivals in 1986 was 54,353 and rapidly increasing. In the early 1990s, foreign arrivals were raised by 40 - 50% on average per year (Nguyen and Le, 1997). Recently, on the first ten months of 2014, the total foreign arrivals reached 6,608,391 that rise eight percent higher than the same phase last year (“International”, 2014). However, the development of tourism in the beaches, especially in Vung Tau city, Vietnam causes water pollution, which affects the health of people who live near the beach.
The largest world supplier oil company is Saudi Aramco. It is the most profitable company on the earth. Since it is the most powerful oil company, it has a great impact on the world economy. As a result, a strong international relationship was built with the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In addition, the strong developing of international relationship with other industrial countries resulted in massive contributions to the politics, economy, and many different aspects. In 1933, Saudi government bestowed oil concession to California Arabian Standard Oil Company (Chevron). The main factor for this grant was to explore the oil in the eastern region of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. After discovering a huge amount of oil, part of the grant was sold to other American oil companies in order to cooperate with each other to do more exploration and to deal with such a big job. In 1948, all these American companies were incorporated into Arabian American Oil Company (Aramco) shared 50% of its profits with Saudi government. Furthermore, the company’s shares had been acquiring by Saudi government to gain 100% of its ownership. In 1988, the name changed to Saudi Aramco. The Headquarter of Saudi Aramoc is located in Dhahran, a city in eastern region of Saudi Arabia. Saudi Aramco produces 10 million barrels of oil each day. The history of Saudi Aramco went through three major periods: exploring oil, interconnecting with the USA, and contributing to other many universal events.
Ranked among the FORTUNE Global 500® largest corporations in the world, Petroliam Nasional Berhad, most commonly known as PETRONAS, is a Malaysian state-owned oil and gas company which ventures into a wide range of petroleum activities. Established in the year 1974, PETRONAS was incorporated alongside the enforcement of the Petroleum Development Act 1974 (Malaysian Explorer, 2012). Today, being owned entirely by the Malaysian government under the Ministry of Finance, PETRONAS is entrusted with the responsibility to manage the entire nation’s hydrocarbon resources (Rig Zone, 2013) and to ensure the sustainability and orderliness of the country’s oil and gas industry is prolonged.