In an age when information is increasingly transmitted through electronic formats, maintaining the accuracy of information is crucial. Whether this information is as simple as a book loaned by a library or as important as a banking account number, maintaining consistency during information transmission is critical to preventing monetary or organizational errors. To maintain consistency in various information transfers, check digit schemes based on number theory are used to dectect when errors occur. This paper will examine the value of check digit schemes in light of their application and mathematics.
To begin with, a basic understanding of check digit schemes reveals the value of this number theory application. Check digit schemes exist in almost every identification number. The authors Pommersheim, Marks, and Flapan (2010) noted that common examples of check digit schemes exist in ISBN numbers, airline tickets, money orders, and barcodes on retail items. From these examples, it is clear that check digit schemes are a common application of number theory that quietly impacts everyday life. This impact is found in the function of check digit schemes. In summarizing this function, mathematics professor Joseph Kirtland (2001) noted that “Most check digit schemes append an extra digit or digits, called the check digit(s), to the identification number and then use the digit(s) to check to check for errors after the number has been transmitted” (p. 5). From the author’s overview, the impact of check digit schemes is found in the prevention of errors that accompany their usage. By implementing a check digit scheme in a computer or scanner, the device can quickly check the validity of an identification number and report or co...
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...ectronic devices. In addition, schemes prevent errors in, libraries, commerce, and identification. Finally, the mathematics of check digit schemes is interesting and contributes to the detection of various transfer errors. Understanding check digits is useful in understanding the modern world. The average person has various forms of identification and engages in many activities that employ identification. Insuring proper identification is critical to preventing monetary or identity errors.
Works Cited
Kirtland, J. (2001). Identification numbers and check digit schemes. Washington: Mathematical Association of America.
Pommersheim, J. E., Marks, T. K., & Flapan, E. L. (2010). Number theory: A lively introduction with proofs, applications, and stories. Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Wheeler, M. L. (1994). Check-digit schemes. The Mathematics Teacher, 87(4), 228-230.
deposit to the total amount of the checks. After the deposit has been verified and all numbers are correct, the teller will then run the checks through the proof machine to be verified again.
The history of the N.A.A.C.P. dates back to the early 20th century. The organization was founded in 1909 by Mary White Ovington. Ovington had read an article from the New York Post entitled “Race War in the North,” written by William English Walling. Ovington became inspired to learn more about the African-American situation, and set up a meeting with Walling in New York. On February 12th, 1909, approximately 20 or so members met and formed the National Association for the Advancement of Co...
The NAACP was a coalition of black and white radicals which sought to remove legal barriers to full citizenship for Negroes.
All hail to the to the NAACP- making sure equality is enforced, and social injustice does not prevail. “Founded in 1909 in New York, by a group of black and white citizens in order to ensure the political, educational, social, and economic equality of minority group citizens of the United States and eliminate racial prejudice. The NAACP seeks to remove all barriers of racial discrimination through democratic process.” (www.NAACP.org)
Sandra L. West, ed., "Northern Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP)," Facts on File History, last modified 2013, accessed November 16, 2013, http://www.fofweb.com/NuHistory/default.asp?ItemID=WE01.
As this was a review of the chapter before our test, students overall did a good job applying the skills we have learned throughout this chapter. Every single one of my students can correctly identify a number based on the tens and ones, and can find the tens and ones of any given two digit number. I did not have any student fail to identify if a number was greater than or less than another number. In retrospect, I realized that during this lesson I placed very little emphasis on the greater than and less than signs themselves, but this was a large component of the independent practice work. Overall, I have been impressed with the learning progress my students made during this chapter. It was a quick chapter with only 5 lessons, but students moved quickly and comfortably through the content.
On February 12th The National Association for the Advancement of Colored People was founded by a multiracial group of activists, who answered "The Call," in the New York City, NY. They initially called themselves the National Negro Committee. Founded in 1909 The NAACP, or National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, has been active in its attempts to break legal ground and forge better opportunities for African Americans. At the beginning in 1909, some twenty persons met together in New York City for the purpose of utilizing the public interest in the Lincoln Centennial in behalf of African Americans. The history, function, purpose, and current activities of the organization is important.to work on behalf of the rights of colored people including Native Americans, African Americans and Jews. (Janken 2003)
In today’s world, we can say that the main danger to privacy, security for people who lives in free democratic societies can come from the system that will create and apply supposedly very high tech national ID card.
He begins with an example of the cameras on the bridges and tunnels to indicate the point of giving up for safety. Further on, the author expresses his opinion about ID cards by being sarcastic and not completely indicate that he is in favor of them. Moreover, the author wants the reader to consider giving up privacy to allow for more protective measures by implementing a National ID card program. He suggests that the reader should consider all the many activities that we do today that require a photo id. He tries to persuade the reader to his point of view with his example of how an ID card with a fingerprint chip would make it more difficult for thieves to fake our identities.
The goal of this paper is to define and explore the MD5 checksum utility. It is also my goal to discuss how to use MD5 checksums to support Incident Response.
A barcode is a visual representation of data that is checked and utilized for data. Bar code is simple to control equipment and tool inventory. In facilities supervisors can use barcodes to link work orders, purchase orders, spare parts and equipment which can be further used to track and collect cost. In barcodes historical data can be used to predict the seasonal fluctuation accurately. Barcodes are printed specifically on the paper or a plastic object, therefore actualizing a standardized identification framework is far less expensive than the RFID innovation.
Understand that the two digits of a two-digit number represent amounts of tens and ones. Understand the following as special cases:
Banking Tab – This is the tab to provide detail on a Bank Account Code. Account Number to be entered should be all numeric characters only.
Once again the numbers refer to letters in the alphabet. The only number that needs to remain secret is S because only it can decipher the code.
The debate on whether the increasing implementation of RFID is constantly going back and forth. As the technology has found its way into licenses and passports. The continuing theme of this, is that the RFID in various forms of identification will allow certain authorized individuals the ability to access information on a specific person and have resources such a criminal record, known aliases, or any other information that might protect against a security threat. Although the basic belief is that only having simple basic information stored on RFID tags is harmless, the truth is that even the most simplest of data can eventually become important. Tadayoshi Kohno thinks the security of information should be taken seriously, “Information and uses evolve over time and these things can reveal more than we initially expect.” (Naone, pg 73)