Charles Augustin Coulomb was born on June 14th, 1736 in Angoulême, France. Henry Coulomb, Charles' father, had a military career, but left that for the government. His mother, Catherine Bajet, was related to a very wealthy family, the de Sénac's. Many say that Henry Coulomb got caught up in some financial mishaps which led to him losing most all of his money. During Coulomb's younger years his family moved from Angoulême on to Paris. Here, Charles attended many lectures at the College Mazarin and also the College de France. His mom wanted him to be a medical doctor, but on the contrary, Charles wanted to go on and study mathematics. Since Charles disobeyed his mother, he was disowned and was forced to stay with his father over in Montpellier. During his stay he joined the second royal scientific society in France known as the scientific circle. Here he read many papers on mathematics and astronomy. It was a shame that he had no money to purchase a home of his own and continue his scientific studies, but eventually he came to be a military engineer. He joined the military school at Mézières in 1760. Here he formed many friendships which would later be important for his scientific work. Charles Bossut, his teacher at Mézières and Jean Charles Borda where among them.
After spending nearly nine years in Martinique as an engineer of the military Charles returned to France mostly due to ill health. In 1781 he entered the French Academy of Sciences where he was a part of the administration of waters and fountains, the reform of hospitals and the system of weights and measures. He was able to publish his paper in 1787 where he proved his famous Coulombs Law. Soon came the outbreak of the French Revolution and Charles decided to retire to a small cottage in Blois. Here he was able to devote his time to
Charles did all of this to try and establish commercial aviation in the US. He then thought one of the greatest ways to do this was to be the first man to fly from New York to Paris. He left from New York and he was able to fly all the way to Paris. The news really helped spread the word about him and now he was a hero for people all over the world.
The artist who would go on to be known as Le Corbusier was born in Switzerland, not far from the French border, as Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-Gris on October 6, 1887. His father worked in the prosperous watch making industry in Switzerland while his mother worked as a musician and piano teacher. Le Corbusier’s family history and the area of Switzerland he called home growing up would greatly influence his work. His first influence came from his local art school where he studied under Charles L'Eplattenier who Le Corbusier would cite as one of the greatest influence of his work. Le Corbusier initially studied engraving and wanted to be a painter but L’Eplanttenier encouraged him to pursue architecture and design. Despite the influence and knowledge he gained in Switzerland, he would feel the need to travel throughout his life to gain a broader knowledge of architecture for his work. He would study in France, Italy, Germany, and Austria among many others becoming fluent in several languages. He would be influenced by the conditions of people living in poverty during his travels and gained his interest in urban planning.
Charles Robert Darwin was an English naturalist who was born in Shrewsbury, England on February 12, 1809. He was the second youngest of six children. Before Charles Darwin, there were many scientists throughout his family. His father, Dr. Robert Darwin, was a medical doctor, and his grandfather, Dr. Erasmus Darwin, was a well-known botanist. Darwin’s mother, Susannah Darwin, died when he was only eight years old. Darwin was a child that came from wealth and privilege and who loved to explore nature. In October 1825 at age sixteen, Darwin enrolled at Edinburgh University with his brother Erasmus. Two years later, Charles became a student at Christ’s College in Cambridge. His father wanted him to become a medical doctor, as he was, but since the sight of blood made Darwin nauseous, he refused. His father also proposed that he become a priest, but since Charles was far more interested in natural history, he had other ideas in mind (Dao, 2009)
The service to Catherine's noble family took him to La Rochelle, ultimately then to Paris. In 1573, he came under the eye of King Charles IX. He appointed him as counselor to the parliament of Brittany at Rennes. Then he remained in this post untill 1580 when he returned to Paris to take up offices of the Maitre de Requetes, also as a royal privy counselor. Form 1584 to 1589, political intrigue resulted both in free time, and then for the continuation of his mathematical studies, especially when they were evolving ideas on algebra (Parshall 1).
This was the beginning of many awards in his experiments to come. He was elected to the Royal Society on May 29, 1756. This is probably one of the most influential factors in his work and this is one way that his work was seen by people all over Europe and other parts of the world. Members of the Royal Society had their scientific works published in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society. (DOSB,129)
He began attending College d’ Epinal where he was able to skip two years of schooling and easily earn his diploma in Letters in 1874 then in Science in 1875. Here he showed he was a brilliant student with a vast intellect. Seeking more knowledge he transferred to one of the greatest French high schools in Paris, Lycee Louis-le-Grand. While in Paris he began to prepare for the grueling acceptance exam for the prestigious school, Ecole Normale Superieur. During his time in Paris his father had became very ill and Durkheim became utterly miserable. The sickness was a great distraction to his studies and he was not able to pass the exam his first two attempts...
Charles Darwin, born in 1809, was raised by his two Christian parents. Naturally, young Charles openly embraced the ideas of Christianity, and adopted many religious practices into his own life. By the 1830’s, Darwin had developed a strong desire to study natural history and natural theology, or anything that related to divine design in nature. In 1831, Darwin was invited on a trip of his lifetime: to sail around the world studying Mother Nature’s different types of life. At 22 years of age, thus began Darwin’s 5-year long voyage on the vessel HMS Beagle with his fellow scientific scholars.
Masters. With his small hand camera he unobtrusively photographed people’s lives around the world. He was solely responsible for bridging the gap between photojournalism and art. He has published more than a dozen books of his work. The greatest museums in the world have shown his work.
He was born in Eaglesfield, Cumberland (now know as Cumbria). In school he was so successful that at the age of 12 he became a Teacher. In 1785 he became one of the principles and in 1787 he made a journal that was later made into a book, describing his thoughts on mixtures of gases and how each gas acted independently and the mixtures pressure (which is the same as the gases volume if it had one). Therefore the law of partial pressures was made. It is said that in 1790, Dalton?s aims were to pick up in law or medicine, but he got no encouragement from his family. In 1793 he moved to Manchester where he was appointed Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at a Dissenting New College. He stayed there until 1799 when he made his own academy.
Brunswick in 1792 when he was provided with a stipend to allow him to pursue his
Descartes was born at La Haye (now called Descartes), and educated at the Jesuit College of La Flèche between 1606 and 1614. Descartes later claimed that his education gave him little of substance and that only mathematics had given him certain knowledge. In this lament he joins a chorus of seventeenth century philosophers including Bacon, Hobbes and Locke. In 1618 he went to Holland to serve in the army of Prince Maurice of Nassau, in traveled to Germany with that army. On the night of November 10, he had a series of dreams which he interpreted as signs that he would found a universal science. The most important influence on Descartes at this time was the mathematician Issac Beeckman, who stimulated Descartes by posing a number of problems and discussing issues in physics and mathematics with him. His first substantial work was the Regulae or Rules for the Direction of Mind written in 1628-9 but not published until 1701. This work shows Descartes interest in method which he shared with many sixteenth and seventeenth century scientists, mathematicians and philosophers.
Charles Perrault was born in 1628 and was of French descent. He was from a very wealthy family. His father was a lawyer, and his three brothers grew up to have successful careers as well. Perrault was able to attend the best schools, but preferred to be self-taught so he dropped out of
Auguste Escoffier Auguste Escoffier was born on October 28, 1846, in the village of Villeneuve-Loubet, France. He was the son of Jean-Baptiste Escoffier and his wife Madeleine Civatte. His father was the village's blacksmith, farrier, locksmith, and maker of agricultural tools. Escoffier's childhood dream was to become a sculptor. Unfortunately, he was forced to give up that dream at the age of thirteen, just after he celebrated his first Holy Communion.
Carl Friedrich Gauss was born April 30, 1777 in Brunswick, Germany to a stern father and a loving mother. At a young age, his mother sensed how intelligent her son was and insisted on sending him to school to develop even though his dad displayed much resistance to the idea. The first test of Gauss’ brilliance was at age ten in his arithmetic class when the teacher asked the students to find the sum of all whole numbers 1 to 100. In his mind, Gauss was able to connect that 1+100=101, 2+99=101, and so on, deducing that all 50 pairs of numbers would equal 101. By this logic all Gauss had to do was multiply 50 by 101 and get his answer of 5,050. Gauss was bound to the mathematics field when at the age of 14, Gauss met the Duke of Brunswick. The duke was so astounded by Gauss’ photographic memory that he financially supported him through his studies at Caroline College and other universities afterwards. A major feat that Gauss had while he was enrolled college helped him decide that he wanted to focus on studying mathematics as opposed to languages. Besides his life of math, Gauss also had six children, three with Johanna Osthoff and three with his first deceased wife’s best fri...
Rene Descartes was born on March 31, 1956, in Touraine, France. Although frail in health throughout his entire life, he studied fervently his entire life. He entered into Jesuit College at the age of eight, in which he studied the classics, logic, and philosophy. Descartes used a few more years in Paris contemplating mathematics with companions, for example, Mersenne. By then in time, a man that held that sort of training either joined the armed force or the congregation. Descartes decided to join the armed force of an aristocrat in 1617. While serving, Descartes went over a certain geometrical issue that had been acted like a test to the whole world to understand. After tackling the issue in just a couple of hours, he had met a man named Isaac Beeckman, a Dutch researcher. This would end up being a long fellowship. Since getting mindful of his scientific capabilities, the life of the armed force was inadmissible to Descartes. Notwithstanding, he remained a warrior upon the impact of his family and convention. In 1621, Descartes surrendered from the armed force and voyaged broadly for five years. Throughout this period, he ke...