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Parent conflict and child development
Parent conflict and child development
Parent conflict and child development
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Adolescence has been depicted as a time typified by stress and storm for both, parents and friends of adolescents.This is evident with increased disagreements between both parent-child and peer relationships. Hall, (1904) suggested that this period occurs due to a search for identity. The following essay will examine and provide evidence to understand why there is an increase in conflict throughout a period of adolescence. During the period of adolescence, children often clash with their parents and friends more frequently than they do later in life. This occurs as they search for independence and a sense identity. Supporting evidence, ranging from 1998 to 2012, will be examined in order to determine the effect that the changes in the adolescent has on relationships. Specifically, there will be a focus on the normality of the increase in conflict, as well as highlighting the benefit of this shift. Importantly, the impact of parents will also be examined, as this relationship acts as the building block for much of the child’s development. Although the conflict between parent-child is often helpful, the following will also look at what can go wrong, particularly focusing on delinquency. Cultural context will also be examined in order to determine the generalisability of this stage in life amongst all adolescents. While the period of adolescence may invite conflict with parents and friends, this is of benefit to the child’s social development. Further, despite an early connotation of the period being recognised as one of, “storm and stress”, the majority of parents do not consider this to be true (Montemayor, 1986). Emphasis on Normality (Ehrlich, Dykas & Cassidy, 2012) Previous studies have determined that it is norma... ... middle of paper ... ..., J. L., & Feldman, S. (1993). Conflict-Resolution Behavior in Adolescent Boys: Antecedents and Adaptational Correlates. Journal Of Research On Adolescence (Lawrence Erlbaum), 3(1), 41-66. doi:10.1111/1532-7795.ep11323961 Van Doorn, M., Branje, S. J., & Meeus, W. H. (2008). Conflict resolution in parent-adolescent relationship and adolescent deliquency. Journal of Early Adolescence. 28(4). 503-527. doi:10.1177/0272431608317608 Van Doorn, M. D., Branje, S. T., VanderValk, I. E., De Goede, I. A., & Meeus, W. J. (2011). Longitudinal spillover effects of conflict resolution styles between adolescent-parent relationships and adolescent friendships. Journal Of Family Psychology, 25(1), 157-161. doi:10.1037/a0022289 Youniss, James,Smollar, Jacqueline. (1985). Adolescent relations with mothers, fathers, and friends. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Biological influences combined with societal and social expectations contribute to how well people learn to adapt to their environments (2013). According to Erikson, there are eight stages of development. Within these states, there are different psychological, emotional and cognitive tasks. In order to adjust, individuals must learn to develop these tasks. During adolescence, Erikson states that each person needs to navigate through the development task of ‘‘Identity vs. Identity confusion ’’ (2013). He defined this task by stating that adolescent children must learn to develop a sense of self and establish independence. Prior to this stage of development, a person’s parents largely influence their identity. In this stage the adolescent children begin to explore and develop their identity outside of their parents’ influence (Hill, Bromell, Tyson, & Flint, 2007). Adolescents are generally more egocentric at this stage and have an increased sense of self-consciousness. They also have a strong desire to conform to peer influence and develop concerns regarding their appearance. They develop concern about their level of competence in relation to their peer group as well. As peer influence increases, during this stage, parental influence decreases (Ashford & LeCroy, 2013; Hill et. al, 2007). Conflict generally increases between parent and child at this stage of development (2007).
According to Steinberg (2014) adolescents is a time of growing up, of moving from the immaturity of childhood into the maturity of adulthood, of preparation for the future. It is a period of transitions: biological, psychological, and social. Adolescence can begin as early as ten years of age and not end until the adolescent is in their early twenties. It is important to note that adolescent development occurs at different times for each individual. Therefore, students in the same grade that are around the same age may be going through different developmental stages of adolescents. The purpose of this analysis paper is to discuss the different stages of adolescent development, how they affect the maturity of the students and to determine
Myrick, A. C., Green, E.J., & Crenshaw, D. (2014). The Influence of Divergent Parental Attachment Styles on Adolescent Maturation: Implications for Family Counseling Practitioners. Family Journal, 22(1), 35-42.
In other industrialized nations, teenage turmoil was a fraction of that seen in the U.S. The author proposed that turmoil was the result of infantilizing- a phenomenon largely attributed to American culture. When treated like adults, teens are capable of rising to the...
Ratto, N., Doyle, A.-B., & Markiewicz, D. (2016). Attachment with mother and adolescents’ conflict with romantic partner or close friend. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science / Revue canadienne des sciences du comportement, 48(1), 68-77. http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy.liberty.edu/10.1037/cbs0000031
The case histories are taken from real-life situations and present both problem and solution for a wide range of situations. These stories present the point of view of both parent and teen, which the reader can compare and contrast to his or her own situation. They also provide insight into the probable cause of the conflict as well as explaining how the problem was actually resolved.
Thornburg, Hershel D. (2000). Family Boundary Ambiguity. The Journal of Early Adolescents v20, no.3, 283-286.
Mzarcovitz, Hal. “Chapter 3: Irreconcilable Differences.” Teens & Family Issues (2004): 9-14. Book Collection: Nonfiction: Web. 25 March 2014
Adolescence refers to the transition period experienced by children that occur between childhood and adulthood (Shefer, 2011). Identity is first confronted in adolescence between the ages 12 – 19 years old, because of physical and hormonal changes in the body. It is also due to the introduction of formal operations in cognitive development and societal expectation that this contributes to an individual’s identity to be explored and established (McAdams, 2009). The forces within and outside (family, community) the individual that promote identity development usually create a sense of tension. The basic task is, in Erikson’s terms, “fidelity or truthfulness and consistency to one’s core self or faith in one’s ideology” (Fleming, 2004: 9), in a nutshell: "Who am I and where am I
In example, according to the Euro-Western view, adolescence is characterised by the interaction between the individual’s biological development and the demands requested by the industrial and post-industrial societies. Although adolescence is globally referred to as the period in life that groups individuals from 12 to 18 years, each individual’s development varies within different countries and cultures. According to the Euro-Western world, adolescence is a time in life that is characterised by experimentation, fun as well as personal growth that will later lead the individual to become a full adult. However, not every young individual experiences this positive and fun side of this life stage. In fact, adolescence is characterised by the hormonal changes that occur during puberty, which are argued to influence adolescents’ behaviour. Hall (cited in Drewery and Claiborne, 2010) argued that due to the effects caused by puberty, young individuals often experience tension, conflicts with their parents and peers, as well as critical mood changes. In line with Hall, Freud (cited in Drewery and Claiborne, 2010) argues that adolescence is a life stage in which it is hard to maintain a steady equilibrium. For these reasons, adolescence can still be considered a “problematic” stage in life, yet it is not necessary true that these conflicts are triggered by biological changes (Drewery and Claiborne,
Peterson, L., & Zill, N. (1986). Marital disruption, parent-child relationships, and behavior problems in children. 48(02), 295-307. Retrieved from http://www.jstor.org/discover/10.2307/352397?uid=3738672&uid=2129&uid=2&uid=70&uid=4&sid=47698773131477
10. Adolescents and their Families, Paths of Ego Development, Stuart T. Hauser, Sally I. Powers, Gil G. Noam 1991
In adolescence friendships normally exist within the larger social structure of peer relationships. In this larger social setting each adolescent has a particular role to play and is usually aware of their own status within the group. Close friendships are not independent of such status. Popular or successful youngsters stick together. Those who are 'in' do not mix as frequently with those on the periphery of what is acceptable to the group. Whereas the standards and styles set by the peer group can set highly influential markers around acceptable and unacceptable behaviours for young people, it is in individual friendships that young people find support and security, negotiate their emotional independence, exchange information, put beliefs and feelings into words and develop a new and different perspective of themse...
My physical development was not so difficult for me. I experienced the growth spurt when I was10 to 15-years old. I didn’t think it was difficult time for me because my range of growth spurt was not so large. Additionally, I did not belong to sports club, so I did not feel uncomfortable when I move my body. I think I am a late bloomer because I have never had boyfriend. But I think it is advantage for me because I am not a “boy-crazy”. I know some friends who are early bloomer and being “boy-crazy”, I do not want to be like them. I have my own interest and I have something what I want to do besides dating with boys. My physical developments have some effects on my character of today. I think it is because I was taller than others since very young, my friends often said to me “you are like my elder sister.” This phrase makes me think that I need to be like elder sister when I was child. It is related to more about psychological development, but this way of thinking came from my height. One of other physical development related issue that makes me struggle is my period. Every time I am in period, I have pain in stomach and back; I feel sleepy, hungry, and irritating; and I have skin problems. I think there are more people who have more heavy symptoms of period, however, sometimes I cannot endure these. My physical developments have some effects on me, but it was not so difficult for me to pass through.
As a child begins to enter adolescence, there appears to be a rise in conflict between the adolescent and parents. The amount of conflict differs from family to family and is dependent on many factors. It is mainly due to the changing characteristics and growing of the adolescent and the way in which the rest of the family adjusts to these changes.