Chancroid is a rather contagious sexually-transmitted disease caused by a bacterial pathogen Haemophilus ducreyi. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), a probable diagnosis is established if there is one or more painful genital ulcers, typical presentation with regional lymphadenopathy, no evidence of syphilis, and a negative test for herpes simplex virus. A history of sexual intercourse followed by the formation of painful ulcers on genitalia, as well as the development of fluctuant, unilateral bubo (i.e. regional inflammation and enlargement of one or more lymph nodes) are the classic indicators that point towards the diagnosis of chancroid. Clinical diagnosis and recovery of Haemophilus ducrey in the laboratory …show more content…
Improved isolation rates are observed in microaerophilic conditions when culture plates are incubated in a closed anaerobic system without a catalyst, but with two carbon dioxide and hydrogen generating sachets. As different strains exhibit various growth morphotyes, the combination of different culture media (at least two of them) should be used to achieve optimal recovery rates. This is further increased if transport time is minimized, and if specimens are kept at 4 °C at all times during transit. Successful culture of Haemophilus ducreyi is pivotal for establishing a definite diagnosis of chancroid, although it cannot rule out other potential concomitant infections. In addition, the importance of culture is evident when antimicrobial susceptibility is warranted (e.g. in instances of therapeutic failure). Molecular and serologic methods Nucleic acid amplification techniques (often abbreviated as NAATs) have proven reliable for identifying Haemophilus ducreyi in clinical samples. Specific growth requirements of individual strains do not influence the outcome of these molecular methods, which is why detection rates are continually higher when compared to classical
Digestion of the haemolytic and non-haemolytic cells allowed for easier identification of fragments during electrophoresis analysis. Lane 12 in figure 3 show the size markers of SPP1 digested with EcoR1 while lanes 6 and 7 show samples of pK184hlyA and pBluescript digested with EcoR1 and Pst1. Lane 4 was loaded with plasmid DNA from haemolytic cells digested with EcoR1 and Pst1 while lane 5 was loaded with EcoR1 and Pst1 digested DNA from non-haemolytic cells. There was a lack of technical success in both lanes due to no bands appearing in lane 4 and only a single band appearing in lane 5. Theoretically, two bands should appear in both lanes after successful to allow for fragment identification. A possible explanation for the single, large fragment in lane 5 is that successful digestion did not take place and the plasmid was only cut at one restriction site leaving a large linear fragment of plasmid DNA. The absence of bands in lane 4 could be because there was not enough plasmid loaded into the lane. Another possibility could be that low plasmid yield as obtained when eluting the experimental samples in order to purify it. Lanes 8 and 9 belonged to another group and show technical success as two bands were present in both the haemolytic (lane 8) and non-haemolytic (lane 9) lanes. If the
After 48 hours of incubation the agar plates were viewed. Individual colonies were tested for successful isolation by gram staining and then viewing the stained bacteria under a microscope. Isolation was successful. One colony of each unknown bacteria was transferred to an agar slant for growth. The agar slants were stored at room temperature over the weekend so that they would not grow too much.
Streak plate technique was used to isolate pure culture for each bacteria (2). The Gram stain was used to determine Gram reaction and morphology of each bacteria (2) Selective and differential media such as, salt agar, MacConkey agar and blood agar were used for bacterial identification (2). Gelatin deeps were inoculated to detect production of gelatinase (2). Starch Agar plate were inoculated to detect amylase (2). Ocular reticle used to determine bacteria size (2). Motility deeps were inoculated to detect motility on bacteria (2). Thioglycollate broth used to determine oxygen requirements (2). Carbohydrate fermentation
Cultures on vaginalis agar exhibited many short gram-negative rods. A medium containing starch showed more pleomorphic, gram-variable, clumped, and beaded cultures. 48 hour cultures of patients’ blood specimens with G. vaginalis were reported as mostly gram-positive (Catlin, 1992). G. vaginalis is beta-hemolytic on media containing human or rabbit blood but not on sheep blood agar. Hemolysis is improved by anaerobic incubation.
With the earliest recordings coming from the Fifth Century B.C., streptococcus pyogenes, and more frequently, its symptoms have been prevalent among doctors and historians for hundreds of years. The first mentioning of streptococcus pyogenes is to be credited to Hippocrates, in which he describes the relative symptoms of the flesh-eating bacteria in its early stages. Then depicted by Billroth in 1874, patients carrying erysipelas were determined to have this certain bacterial infection. In 1883, the chain-forming bacteria were isolated by Fehleisen; and in the following year, Rosenbach applied the S. pyogenes name. Further advances in hemolytic and non-hemolytic studies were made by Lancefield in the 1930’s, in which the alpha, beta, and gamma subgroups of the hemolytic structures – detailed and defined by Schottmueller and Brown - were divided into serotypes.
To start off, Non-gonococcal Urethritis (NGU) refers to an infection from the tube that runs from your bladder through the penis in men or the labia in women which passes the urethra. Normally, it is caused by gonorrhea but mostly chlamydia that is a sexually transmitted disease. There are multiple different ways how Non-gonococcal Urethritis is caused. An infection with chlamydia is half the case of NGU. Chlamydia is a bacterium type of germ that may be contacted threw sexual intercourse with an infected person. Perhaps, it can be passed down in to and out of vaginal, anal, or oral sex. There are other bacterial viruses that can be the cause of this disease. No cause can be found in 3 to maybe 10 cases. Sexually transmitted infections cannot be recognized by tests if it is not shown. Also, it is not attainable to know which cases are caused by an infection and the ones that are not.
I identified the genus and species of an unknown bacterial culture, #16, and I applied the following knowledge of morphologic, cultural and metabolic characteristics of the unknown microorganism according to the laboratory manual as well as my class notes and power point print outs. I was given an incubated agar slant labeled #16 and a rack of different tests to either examine or perform myself; the tests are as follows: Gram Stain; Nutrient Gelatin Test; Carbohydrate Fermentation; Dextrose, Lactose and Sucrose; IMVIC tests; Citrate, Indole, Mythel-Red and Vogues Proskauer test; as well as a Urease and TSI Test.
Corners is an Australian television program, broadcast on the ABC channel, that could best be described as an investigative documentary style program presenting current affairs. It is Australia’s longest running current affairs program which has now been running for 56 years, first premiering in 1961. Four Corners has gained a positive reputation for presenting facts with limited opinion based content, generally following a different structure to other current affairs programs. However, any investigative journalism program has the potential to set the tone of the program and present the information with a certain perspective. Since its inception, Four Corners has exposed scandals, triggered numerous inquiries, reported on confronting taboos
Each student had to count, at least 100 spores, in order to determine if crossing over occurred in a particular perithecium. Data was collected to determine whether various environmental conditions affected the crossing over in Sordaria sp. In the case of temperatures, the cultures were incubated at each determined temperature. For the UV radiation, cells were exposed to UV light for 10 seconds and then grown at 30oC. For the EtBr treatment, 50ul of EtBr was added to the growth medium and cells were incubated at 30oC. In the case of sunlight exposure, cells were exposed to sunlight directly and grown at room temperature.
Coco is a 2017 award-winning animated film produced by Pixar Animation Studios. The original idea of the film was given by Lee Unkrich, and it was directed by himself. Due to Coco’s impressive plot portraying Mexican’s rich heritage which greatly celebrates the Mexican culture, Coco became one of the highest-grossing films of all-time in Mexico and appeared top 20 as the highest-grossing animated film ever in the history. The movie plot follows a 12-year-old Mexican young boy, Miguel who has a strong passion towards music and lives with his family of shoemakers including his great-grandmother, Coco in Santa Cecilia, Mexico. Bound by his grandmother rules of banishing the practice of music in the household, Miguel secretly dreams of becoming an accomplished musician like his idol, Ernesto de la Cruz, a deceased entertainment legend and famous singer of Coco's generation.
In this method, living spores which are resistant to whichever sterilizing agent is being tested are prepared in either a self contained system, such as dry sp...
Leboffe, M. J., & Pierce, B. E. (2010). Microbiology: Laboratory Theory and Application, Third Edition 3rd Edition (3rd Ed.). Morton Publishing
Crime has a substantial influence on everyday life. Theories for criminal behaviour are as old as the types of behaviours themselves. Amongst these theories is the idea of anomie. The sociological notion of anomie is used as a theoretical tool to understand the intersection of social structure, culture and criminal or deviant behaviour. Although the concept of anomie theory has varied between scholars, central to the different versions of anomie theory is the premise that human are normative beings; that people think and act on the basis of commonly held beliefs and traditions. Anomie theory was popularised by the classic works of Emile Durkheim and further explored by Robert K Merton.
Imagine a world in which all of life’s problems could all just go away at the click of a button. A world where every individual on the face of planet earth is being watched 24/7, therefore eliminating any possibility of a crime being committed. Imagine, if just for a moment, a world where everyone and everything are connected by the same network, which would in essence create a full and complete circle. This is the world that serves as the setting for Dave Eggers novel The Circle. The Circle is a novel about Mae, the young and enthusiastic protagonist, who gets a job at a company known as The Circle. The Circle is a revolutionary company that is creating all sorts of new and exciting technology that appear to benefit the human race as a whole.