In addition, UXL Encyclopedia of Science (2002) mentioned that the most common type of charcoal is called wood charcoal. It is mentioned that the Wood charcoal was anciently prepared by stacking the woods, housing it with earth’s dirt, and setting the pile of wood on fire. In this process inconsistent compounds in the wood, like for example if the water eject as vapors like into the air, some of the
Powlson DS, Riche AB, and Shield, I. (2005). Biofuels and other approaches for decreasing fossil fuel emissions from agriculture. Annals of Applied Biology, 146: pp. 193-201.
...ed for building of growth of bacteria. Assuming all other conditions are favourable for biogas production, a carbon-nitrogen ration of about 30:1 is ideal for the raw materials fed into a biogas plant with 2% phosphorous for maximum biological activity. A higher ratio will leave carbon still available after the nitrogen has been consumed, starving some of the bacteria of this. These will in turn die, returning nitrogen to the mixture, but slowing the process. Too much nitrogen will cause this to be left over at the end of digestion (which stops when the carbon has been consumed) and reduce the quality of the fertilizer produced by the biogas plant. The correct ratio of carbon to nitrogen will prevent loss of either fertilizer quality or methane content. Oil cakes and animal urine are found to be suitable nutrients for maintaining C, P and N within the optimum range.
Uehara, G. and G. Gillman, 1981, The Mineralogy, Chemistry, and Physics of Tropical Soils with Variable Charge Clays: Boulder, Colorado, Westview press.
.... Biogas contain gas impurities that are corrosive to the internal parts of combustion engines which means that the maintenance costs for the engines would increase if there is continuous production of biogas, this corrosion also is induced in combustion engines such as car engines and boilers. Biogas plants also need high energy and heat; so some of the produced biogas needs to be used on site to meet the demands of production.
Aside from the dependence on foreign nations, bio-fuels pose environmental advantages to producers and consumers. They are a relatively clean burning source of energy unlike oil, which accounts for more than 32 percent of...
... and soil scientist at the USDA Agricultural Research Service Corn stover has been historically left in the field as cover to reduce soil erosion and for conserving soil nutrient contents. The immediate environmental concern of using corn stover for biofuel production is soil erosion. In addition, when we take a look at the big picture, the 0 carbon emission theory is wrong, as it does not take into account the vast amount of carbon released into the atmosphere from land conversion. Global warming is inevitable. The disadvantages definitely outweigh the advantages.
University of Illinois College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences (ACES). "No-till soil organic carbon sequestration rates published." ScienceDaily. ScienceDaily, 18 April 2014. .
Biomass 9 Ramamurthi, R., Kastury, Satish, & Smith, Wayne H. (2000). BIOENERGY vision for the new millennium. Enfield, NH: Science Publishers.
In the process of producing biofuels by using plants, rich and high quality land will be over-used as soybean and maize require fertile land for growth. This is so because the plants have to be produced at a large scale for a better yield. Soil erosion can arise due to complete harvesting of the crops (Jose et.al, 2008). Corn which is one of the plants used to produce biofuels requires intense irrigation and a serious environmental concern is raised by the use of fertilisers and pesticides. Biotechnology can be used to alter the crops so that their production does not harm the environment, however this might lower the process (Demirbas, 2009).
Biogas – a term that has been synonymous to the rural culture, a viable alternate to the rapidly depleting conventional sources, a resource whose production is cheaper, and almost cent percent of the raw materials used to produce it get utilised. Owing to the tremendous rise in the fuel consumption, we need to search for substitutes – one that can replace (the already not-so-left resources), revive (a less polluting option) and replenish (the present state of livelihood).
With the world’s source of fossil fuels depleting, we need to find an alternative energy source. Biofuel is one considerable option. Although biofuel has not been used widespread, it has been used quite extensively in several countries. Such countries include Sri Lanka, China, India, and countries/regions in Africa that have large amounts of wood. Biofuel has appeared to be fairly effective in developing areas, and other countries have started using it.
Fertilizers play a major role in increasing the yield of a crop. Both organic and inorganic fertilizers supplement a plant’s nutrient source with macronutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium as well as some micronutrients such as boron, copper, and chloride. These nutrients are all directly affected by the pH of the soil. Certain nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorus can only be absorbed by a plant in a higher pH level. Nutrients such as boron and copper can only be absorbed in a lower pH level. A balanced soil will provide the optimum benefits of each nutrient (“Plant Nutrients”, n.d.).
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...
The concept of this essay is to stress that biofuels are a viable and sustainable energy source than fossil fuels, showing its advantages but not ignoring its disadvantages which also enlightens us about the cleaner and renewable natural resources. Biofuels is an alternative source of energy which can end the global dependence on fossil fuels.