Chagas disease
Treatment for chagas disease starts from killing the parasite that causes it, chagas disease is treated with benznidazole and nifurtimox. Both drugs are available in the regions most affected by Chagas disease. Both medicines are very effective in curing the disease if given soon after infection at the onset of the acute phase.
Once Chagas disease reaches the chronic phase, medications aren't effective for curing the disease. Instead, treatment depends on the specific signs and symptoms.
Chagas disease has no vaccine. However, vector control is the most effective method of prevention in endemic areas of Latin America. Blood screening is essential to prevent infection through transfusion and organ transplantation.
Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic
Supportive care is very important in the treatment of Crimean-Congo Haemorrhagic Fever (CCHF). Treatment used for this disease is an antiviral drug is given, ribavirin. Patient is kept in isolation and constantly monitored for blood volumes.
Prevention
In endemic regions, prevention depends on avoiding bites from infected ticks and contact with infected blood or tissues.
M5
Smallpox
Smallpox is a deadly disease spread by a virus called varilola, this disease was once one of the world’s most dangerous and feared disease, before its eradication in1980.Smallpox was a dangerous disease globally, due to how contagious the disease was and the rate of how the disease spread on a global basic. The smallpox virus spreads from person to person via saliva droplets, through face to face close contact, coughing; sneezing and talking, where an uninfected person comes into contact with the saliva droplets that contains the smallpox virus and therefore contract the virus.
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...malaria case, mapping and tracking of the geographical variations so that outbreaks can be identified to apply control measures. The program also provides countries that have no malaria death rate with action plans and strategies to ensure the rate remains.
The program provides a range of different products that help to control malaria which includes;
• Indoor residual sparing
• Insecticide nets
• Prevention treatments for pregnant women
The malaria control program allows for the monitoring of the control measures and plans put in place by a country to ensure that the implication are being effective. The malaria surveillance allows for the identification of areas most affected by malaria so implications can be applied, and the assessing of control measures. All these precautions and implication all contribute to the decreasing of malaria deaths world wide
In closing, the variola virus affected a great amount in that era including, military strategy, trade, and native populations. Elizabeth A. Fenn’s book Pox Americana: The Great Smallpox Epidemic of 1775-82 sheds light on a significant aspect of that era that had not been given proper credence beforehand. She also illuminated the effect of smallpox when it came to race and social status. With regard to race, smallpox decimated much of the non European populations partly because of their lack of an innate immunity to that virus and Europeans lack of regard for those of a different race. Fenn’s argument on social status showed how the poorer strata’s of society suffered more severely from the variola virus because of their lack of finances to get inoculated; thus, the poor often suffered a worse strain of the virus which often lead to death.
The World Health Organization announced that smallpox had been eradicated from the planet on May 8, 1980. This was prompted by a three year absence of a smallpox infection; the last occurring case was reported in Somalia in 1977. Since then, worldwide stock of smallpox vaccines has been reduced enormously simply because of speculation that there is no need for it anymore and administering the vaccine is impertinent. After the disappearance of smallpox as an afflicting disease, it now exists in labs in only two locations, the United States and Russia, where it is studied for research purposes only. Smallpox is a virus that has two major forms, Variola major and Variola minor, and each form has similar and differentiating symptoms with regards to the other type (Alibek, 1999).
Treatment: Chemotherapy is on treatment method. Most infected people benefit from the treatments. To of the best drugs for treatment are Praziquantel and Oxamniquine. The side effects are mild and transient, some of then are as followed:
...trategy addresses the areas in which they believe the foundation is best positioned, among a broad spectrum of partners, to help reduce the burden of malaria. They support R&D for more effective treatments, diagnostics, mosquito-control measures, and a safe and effective malaria vaccine. They also support the development of strategies to make progress toward malaria elimination. To date, they have committed nearly $2 billion in malaria grants. They have also committed more than $1.4 billion to the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis and Malaria, which supports the expanded use of proven prevention and treatment tools for malaria, HIV/AIDS, and tuberculosis. Beyond their own direct investments in the fight against malaria, they also advocate for sustained and increased funding of malaria control and elimination efforts by donor governments and endemic countries.
In order to understand the history of smallpox one first has to understand how diseases like it evolve. Much like other species, diseases that survive in the long run are the microbes that most effectively reproduce and are able to find suitable places to live. For a microbe to effectively reproduce, it must "be defined mathematically as the number of new infected per each original patient." This number will largely depend on how long each victim is able to spread the virus to other victims (Diamond, 198).
From 166 A.D. to 180 A.D., The Antonine Plague spread around Europe devastating many countries. This epidemic killed thousands per day and is also known as the modern-day name Smallpox. It is known as one of deadliest plagues around the world.
It began with infection mainly in the blood vessels of the human skin and mouth, resulting in different kinds of symptoms that turn into serious stages. It was spread by physical contact with human skin and mostly affected children and adults. This disease was so outrageous that it led to a vast number of deaths in New England colonies. Also, smallpox virus is transmitted through airborne infection from the oral, nasal mucus of the infected person. But mostly was spread from close contact or contaminated material of the infected person.
Ticks can be found in many places outdoors during the summer months. As a preventative measure, we should always be aware of ticks, but during the warmer months extra precautions should be taken. Wooded and high grass areas should be avoided. Light colored clothing, long sleeve shirts, and pants should be worn when entering these areas. If on a trail, the center of the trail is where travelling should occur. Ticks like to travel to host by means of “questing”. Although a common misconception about ticks is that they jump. Instead, ticks stretch out over high grass areas, using their back legs to hold on to grass and extending front legs to grab whatever host may pass. This makes the center of the trail harder to reach (http://www.cdc.gov).
A person can prevent the disease. And, there are many ways to do this. One is to put on insect repellent with Deet. Another is to wear long sleeves and long pants. Also, tuck your pants in socks. And, wear a hat. Finally, stay away from wooded areas.
A patient should remain on bed rest and receive well balanced nutrition. Patients should be restricted from school and or work until fever is reduced and jaundice diminishes. If the patient is vomiting and or has diarrhea, they can be treated with antiemetic medications. Also, adequate water intake is necessary.
For approximately three-thousand years, smallpox has ravaged and plagued the four corners of the globe. In fact, in the 17th and 18th centuries, it was claimed to be the most infectious disease in the West, with an astounding 90% mortality rate in America. It wasn't until 1796, with English surgeon Edward Jenner's smallpox vaccination, that the world saw relief from this devastating virus. However, even with this inoculation in use, the world continued to witness death from both the virus and the vaccine. In the year 1966, it was estimated that 10-15 million infected citizens worldwide had passed away from smallpox that year alone ( “History” 12).
Malaria (also called biduoterian fever, blackwater fever, falciparum malaria, plasmodium, Quartan malaria, and tertian malaria) is one of the most infectious and most common diseases in the world. This serious, sometimes-fatal disease is caused by a parasite that is carried by a certain species of mosquito called the Anopheles. It claims more lives every year than any other transmissible disease except tuberculosis. Every year, five hundred million adults and children (around nine percent of the world’s population) contract the disease and of these, one hundred million people die. Children are more susceptible to the disease than adults, and in Africa, where ninety percent of the world’s cases occur and where eighty percent of the cases are treated at home, one in twenty children die of the disease before they reach the age of five. Pregnant women are also more vulnerable to disease and in certain parts of Africa, they are four times as likely to contract the disease and only half as likely to survive it.
The patient has been experiencing fever for the past 3 months but takes medication, which reduces the fever.
...at researchers are doing to try to eradicate malaria in underdeveloped countries such as Africa.
There is no specific treatment for dengue fever. In order to control the fever or pain, it is best to not use aspirin because of the increased risk of bleeding associated with aspirin. Patients must rest and drink fluids, and in case of those with more severe cases of the disease, intravenous fluid would be administered. Also, they will be placed under close monitoring to ensure that the patients don’t lose too much fluid from their bloodstream 2,18.