Cervical Cancer Screaming
Cervical cancer is the second most frequently diagnosed type of cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-associated death in women. Mayo Clinic, various strains of human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted disease play a big role in causing most cervical cancers (Mayo clinic Staff, 2016). When exposed to HPV most woman’s immune system typically prevents the virus from doing harm. However in a small group of women, however, the virus survives for years, contributing to the process that causes some cells on the cervix to become cancer cells. (Mayo clinic Staff, 2016).
The national cervical cancer coalition states most cervical cancers (80 to 90 percent) are squamous cell cancers. Adenocarcinoma is the second most common type of cervical cancer, accounting for the remaining 10 to 20 percent of cases. Adenocarcinoma develops from the glands that produce mucus in the endocervix. While less common than squamous cell carcinoma, the incidence of adenocarcinoma is on the rise, particularly in younger women (National Cervical Cancer Collisions [NCCC], 2016). Also the NCCC states that some of the deaths associated with cervical cancer are 100% preventable, if the appropriate screening had been done. Cervical cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality among women in developing countries (Ordikhani et al., 2016, p. 1)
Cervical cancer screening is done by a pap smear that can detect abnormal cells on the cervix. All women over the age of thirty are screened for HPV-DNA test involves testing cells collected from the cervix for infection with any of the types of HPV that are most likely to lead to cervical cancer. This test may be an option for women age 30 and older, or for younger women wi...
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No one is prepared to hear the news they have cancer no matter where it is in the body. As an advanced practice nurse it is always best to educate your patient as much as possible about treatment options and also support groups. Encourage your patient to have a support system from close family or friends to help through the tough times of receiving chemo or radiation therapy.
Prevention
Always educate your female patients about the benefits of screening early for cervical cancer. Explain that early detection can lead to better outcomes and successful cure rates. Encourage Parents of young teens to get their children vaccinated against HPV both boys and girls can receive this vaccine. Educate young teens about practicing safe sex, the longer you wait to have sex can reduce your risk for cervical cancer, and always if your patient smokes encourage them to stop.
Working as an oncology nurse has been a life changing experience. I have grown not only as a nurse, but also as a person. My eyes have been opened to the value of life, and not just life itself, but the precious thing that is a healthy life. I cannot count the number of patients from the beginning of my nursing career until now that have told me, “Well, I just didn’t think my symptoms were a big deal” or “The doctor told me I needed additional tests but it didn’t seem important at the time and I didn’t have any money”. The lack of patient education and provider follow-up in situations such as these is disheartening to observe. Experiences I have had with patients combined with their life stories have fueled my desire to become a family nurse
... when “HPV inserted its DNA into the long arm of her eleventh chromosome and essentially turned off her P53 tumor suppressor gene” (Skloot 213). This allows the cancer cells to produce monstrously virulent cells, making them hard to kill.
The underlying purpose of the experiments performed in the study, Promoter Hypermethylation of KLF4 Inactivates its Tumor Suppressor Function in Cervical Carcinogenesis, is to investigate the mechanism by which the KLF4 gene is silenced in cervical carcinomas. Cervical cancer accounts for 250,000 female deaths every year. Developing therapies for cervical cancer has been limited due to the lack of genetic and epigenetic data of the mechanism causing the cancer. The KLF4 gene is a transcriptional regulator of cell growth and differentiation. It functions as a tumor suppressor in cervical cancer, but is found to be inactivated in cervical cancer. The overexpression of KLF4 protein is known to inhibit cervical cancer cell growth and tumor formation by activating a cell cycle suppressor. Promoter CpG island hypermethylation can result in transcriptional silencing of many tumor suppressing genes. Two CpG regions, BSQ1 and BSQ3, were examined in this experiment.
What is the human papillomavirus (HPV)? According to the US government’s National Cancer Institute, human papillomaviruses (HPVs) are a collection of more than one hundred viruses, many types having the ability to grow tumors or polyps that are malignant and others benign. Certain of the viruses are capable of forming genital warts. The HPVs that cause the common warts on hands and feet are different from those that cause growth in the throat or genital area (Human Papillomavirus). Professors Joe Cummins and Dr. Mae-Wan Ho inform us that some types are associated with cancer, and are called “high risk” HPVs. Of the more than one hundred types of HPVs, over thirty can be passed on through sexual contact. Most HPV infections occur without any symptoms and go away without treatment over the course of a few years. However, HPV infection sometimes persists for many years, with or without causing detectable cell abnormalities. Infection from “High risk” types of HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Pap smears have also led to earlier detection of these infections. Nearly all women who are sexually active will have HPV inf...
In spite of what she has been faced with, she has always had a positive attitude and outlook. She is a woman of strong faith, which I believe has played a big part in getting her through the challenges she has faced. Chronic illness not only affects the patient, but all members of the family as well. For her, it has been a challenge with the expense it has incurred for her. She has health insurance, but some of the medications that she is on are very expensive. In the beginning of her illness, it placed more of a financial strain on her. She was divorced and did not have the best health insurance coverage to begin with. She remarried a couple of years ago and now has better health care insurance through her husband. Not being able to pay for your health care during a difficult time is very hard to deal with. As the nurse, we can offer referrals to agencies that may be able to offer some assistance. Psychosocial care should be incorporated into the routine care of patients with cancer (Jacobsen & Wagner, 2012). Dealing with a chronic illness can also have emotional effects on the patient, as well as other family members. Depression is a commonly incurred condition that coincides with cancer, which can lead to other health and social issues. It is of great importance to provide emotional support to the patient and their family members. As the nurse, we can offer support groups to the patient and
The Information gathered in 2012 from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention studies concluded that cervical cancer, “... used to be the leading cause of cancer death for women in the United States” (“Cervical Cancer Statistics”). But these statistics have gone down significantly in the past forty years because Planned Parenthood facilities provide to women pap smears to detect cell changes before the cancer develops. On the other hand, Planned Parenthood does not directly provide mammograms for women, their doctors and nurses “... teach patients about breast care, [and] connect patients to resources to help them get mammograms” ("Breast Cancer Screenings"). The important health care work done by the Planned Parenthood Clinics is, at times, over sought and even forgotten when the organization is embroiled in controversy as it finds itself in
Adams, Heather P., and Erica L. Carnright. "HPV Infection And Cervical Cancer Prevention." Clinician Reviews 23.9 (2013): 42-50. Academic Search Complete. Web. 10 Nov. 2013
A parent who chooses to have their child vaccinated to prevent HPV has the opportunity to prevent their child from getting a variety of cancers. Children and adolescents who receive this vaccination before sexual activity begins have a chance to prevent cervical cance...
HPV vaccine is PREVENTION against cervical cancer, genital warts and infertility. MORE reasons to get VACCINATED!!
Cancer. The word by itself can conjure images of severely ill and frail people attached to IV medications and chemotherapy drugs as they cling to life in a hospital bed. Other illustrations and pictures depict unrecognizable, misshaped organs affected by abnormal cells that grow out of control, spread, and invade other parts of the body. Cancer studies show that close to one-half of all men and one-third of all women in the United States will be diagnosed with cancer during their lives. Today, millions of people are living with cancer or have had cancer. As patients are newly diagnosed with their specific type of cancer, whether it be breast, lung, prostate, skin, or blood cancer, etc., each patient has to consider what will happen with their future health care plan and who will be involved in their long journey from treatment to recovery. Once diagnosed, cancer patients become the focal point and the center of all activity in terms of care but cancer not only physically invades the patient’s body and well-being, it goes beyond the patient and significantly affects the emotional stability and support from from their loved ones and caregivers. Based on the insidious nature of cancer and typically late detection of malignant diseases, family members (either spouses, children, parents, other relatives, and friends) often become the patient's main caregiver. These caregivers, also known as informal caregivers, provide the cancer patient with the majority of the support outside of the medical facility or hospital environment and become the primary person to provide various types of assistance. They provide the physical support with bathing and assisting in activities of daily living, they become emotional ...
The implications of becoming aware that you have been afflicted with this disease may extend far beyond just a physical condition. Learning that you have cancer can significantly affect a person’s mental, emotional, and physical health. This could cause tension in social relationships, finances, or other lifestyle choices. Becoming more anxious or depressed can considerably hinder a person’s ability to make rational decisions when it concerns their well-being. For these reasons, it is crucial for one to seek professional help for all aspects of their lives when they become aware of any serious changes.
...e the cancer and look for the positives in the prognosis and treatment find encouragement for the future. There are various models and theories such as health belief model that are used to explain ones belief on risks and associated risks of a chronic illness and then there are theories such as Crisis theory when dealing with shock when diagnosed with a chronic illness and gate control theory when looking at pain and the psychological issues around dealing with pain. However even with various theories and models trying to explain crisis, pain and compliance to treatment the outcome and understanding and ultimately the way an individual deals with a chronic illness such a breast cancer falls very much down to self-efficacy and the belief the individual holds towards the illness itself the attitude and perception in the outcome of the illness, treatment and beyond.
Uterine cancer is an important women health problem developing rapidly, killing over 200,000 women each year. No one has discovered the actual cause, but there is a leading factor that has great suspicions to what is causing this cancer to grow rapidly.
For most, the primary fears associated with cancer are connected to the effects of treatments. If the patient is diagnosed when the cancer is still in the early stages, more than likely surgery is the appropriate treatment. However if the cancer has developed into an advanced stage, a more drastic treatment is necessary.