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Discusss cerebral palsy research report
Discusss cerebral palsy research report
Discusss cerebral palsy research report
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Cerebral palsy, also known as CP, is a disorder of movement, muscle tone, and/or posture, first developed while the child is in the womb or shortly after birth. This disease is often caused by a number of reasons, including: premature birth, a fetus not receiving enough blood, oxygen, or other nutrients during birth and/or pregnancy, head injury or infection that affects the brain, or genetics. In many cases though, doctors cannot find the exact cause of cerebral palsy in an infant (Cerebral Palsy, 2014). Although cerebral palsy is considered a non-life threatening disease and most children who develop cerebral palsy are expected to live well into adulthood, there are some cases where it is very life threatening. The different medical efforts that are often involved with cerebral palsy are neurology, pediatrics (because the disease is found in young children), obstetrics (because of the risks during child birth), and physical therapy (Towbin, 1960). This disease is considered the most common motor disability in the childhood years and the Center for Disease Control estimates that 1 ...
The children were divided into four groups according to the four types of cerebral palsy. The four groups were diplegia, hemiplegia, quadriplegia, and dyskinesia. Diplegia is a form of cerebral palsy that has muscle spasms. Hemiplegia is paralysis on one side of the body. Quadriplegia is paralysis on both arms and legs. Dyskinesia is the impartment of movement. All the children had sleep disturbances. Cognitive function was measured using Weschler Intelligence Scale for children. Behavior was measured using the Child Behavior Checklist. The primary caregiver reported behavior problems. Motor function was measured using the Gross Motor Function Classification System and direct observations. Sleep disturbances were measured using the Sleep Disturbance Scale for Children. Common sleep disorders that were assessed in children and adolescents were the following: disorders of maintaining sleep, sleep breathing disorders, nightmares, sleepwalking, jerks, and hallucinations. The results showed approximately 40% of children with cerebral palsy had at least one sleep related issue. Children with cerebral palsy were reported to have higher rates of motor restlessness. Approximately 48% of children who had abnormal sleep behaviors also had motor impairment and low IQ scores. The researchers in this article also assess the child’s behavior and cerebral palsy. It was reported that higher rates of attention problems and aggression were more common in children with hemiplegia and dyskinetic cerebral palsy than in children with quadriplegia and diplegia. Behavior issues were more associated with sleep disorder. The researchers concluded that sleep disorders are common in children with cerebral palsy. Children were more likely to suffer from sleep disorders and other impairments such as following as motor, cognitive, and
Sankar, C; Mandkur, N. (2005). Cerebral Palsy-Definition, Classification, Etiology and Early Diagnosis. Symposium on Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. 72 (10), 865-868.
Cerebral Palsy is a condition that involves the brain and nervous system which results in disorders in movement, learning, hearing, seeing and thinking. There has been a rise on the number of children who are diagnosed with CP since the 1960’s (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). After a child has been diagnosed with CP, it is important to help them regain their ability to walk. Cerebral palsy is a permanent but not unchanging condition that requires the help of medical professionals, the children and their families (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). Since the recent increase of the number of children diagnosed with CP, researchers has emphasized the importance of intensive intervention at an early stage (Prosser, Lee, VanSant, Barbe, & Lauer, 2010). Ways to help improve the gait kinematics of children with CP are through locomotor treadmill training (LTT) or strength training. There are advantages and disadvantages with both methods. There are also different cases of CP so the effects of these methods vary between the children. A disadvantage for locomotor treadmill training is that it is less effective on children with CP less than 4 years old (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). Strength training may improve walking function to some patients but may cause no change or undesired outcomes to others (Damiano, Arnold, Steele & Delp, 2010). It is important to look at the best method that can help improve ambulation in children with CP since the number of children diagnosed with this condition is becoming more frequent. The purpose of this paper is to compare the different studies and determine which strategy is more effective for children with cerebral palsy, treadmill training, or strength training.
Many people have heard the term cerebral palsy and may have a personal perception about the appearance and effects of this
How many of us wished to have super powers as kids ? I don't mean being strong as hulk, being bitten by a spider to be able to climb buildings like spider man, or be able to fly like birds around the city in the blue sky's. It is known that the human brain can not focus on a single task more than 10%. But there have been some individuals that are capable of this ability. Daniel Tammet have learned one of the most strenuous languages on earth fluently in just 7 days from his interview or Stephen Wiltshire which was capable of drawing the New York city and Rome just by having an one time tour with the helicopter and flying around the city he was able to draw the whole city and mentioning all the details without captivating any pictures or writing any notes. Amazing right? Sadly these talents have their own cost. Most of these indivisible suffer in their daily lives not being able to communicate with others within verbal communication or emotionally, most of them can't even function in their daily lives by their own, dress by them self or even eat a simple lunch not even talking about preparing the food leaving them to intended to live their lives isolated from the society. This rare syndrome i'm talking about is recognized as the savant syndrome. it's an unique condition letting the persons have an intelligence above normal in some ares in life such as musical, mechanical, artistic and mathematical, in exchange of limiting this person emotionally. Savant syndrome touches several people in the world. It can occur after birth or later in any stage of life. It affects both males and females but occurs mostly in males. Many scientists have come with different explanations for the savant syndrome. First it was discovered in 1987 by J.London Down. Also, he was the one that devised and related the disorder with the skill to mention an amazing memory. A study published by Bernard Rimland have states that "the savant skills most often present in autistic people are those associated with right hemisphere functions and the most deficient abilities are associated with left hemisphere functions (Treffer, 2002). This supports prove that the left brain hemisphere model to be correct.
In the 1960’s, an Austrian pediatrician, Dr. Andres Rett, recognized a few of his female patients with similar indications of having some type of neurologic disorder but did not fit the cerebral palsy classification (Zoghbi, 2002). Without the knowledge of earlier research, a Swedish physician, Bengt Hagberg, began to openly speak about his observations similarly to Dr. Andres Rett records (Zoghbi, 2002). Bengt Hagberg observed numerous of female patients with this unknown syndrome and was curious in their wringing hand movement that no textbook had information on. In June 1981 Dr. Neil Gordon hosted a board meeting of the European Federations of Child Neurology Societies in Manchester and Bengt Hagberg had the opportunity to share his studies there. The discussion group had other pediatric neurologists that had seen the same behaviors but they all were unable to categorize it into its own identity. As years past, this syndrome has increased and neurologist began to evaluate this syndrome t...
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a condition marked by impaired muscle coordination and other disabilities, which causes damage to the brain before and during birth. Cerebral palsy is a static disorder of the brain, not a progressive disorder. This mean that the disorder or disease process will not get worse as time goes on. Nor are the motor disorders associated with cerebral palsy temporary. (Miller and Bachrach pg. 3) Cerebral Palsy affects the nervous system by having dysfunctions, in movements such as, learning, hearing, seeing, and thinking. During the first 3 to 5 years of a child's life Cerebral Palsy occur because the baby's brain is still developing. (CP is one of the most common congenital (existing before birth or at birth) disorders of childhood). Spastic, athetoid, ataxic and dystonic are all different types of Cerebral Palsy. Majority of circumstances with children having CP are unknown, then again numerous results show problems during pregnancy in which the brain is damaged or doesn't develop normally. “This can be due to infections, maternal health problems, a genetic disorder, or something else that interferes with normal brain development.” Cerebral palsy is also caused by injuries and abnormalities of the brain; as the baby grows in the womb these problems occur. Some causes may lead to problems with brain development which include:
Dr. William Little wrote the first medical description of the disorder in the 1860’s. He thought most cases of CP were caused by complications at birth resulting in lack of oxygen to the brain. Cerebral Palsy was called Little's disease for many years. CP refers to neurological disorders that appear in early childhood and affect movement and coordination (“Cerebral Palsy: Hope”). Although CP is caused by damage to the motor areas of the brain and affects body movement and muscle coordination, it is not caused by problems in the muscles o...
Have you ever been in a situation where you were confronted by a child who has Down Syndrome and were unsure of how to act around that child? I'm sure many of us have experienced the awkwardness that accompanies such a situation. Many people feel guilt or pity for these children, I believe these reactions result from a lack of knowledge about the condition. Which is why I have chosen this topic.
Cerebral palsy describes a group of permanent disorders that affect the bodily posture and movement, affecting an individual’s ability to be active, including disturbances of sensation, perception, cognition, communication, and behaviorally, by either epilepsy or any other musculoskeletal problems (Cerebral palsy, 2010). According to the Surveillance of Cerebral Palsy in Europe (SCPE), primary elements agreed necessary in the definition of cerebral palsy are that it is a group of disorders which are permanent but not unchanging, involves a disorder of movement and/or posture and of motor function, and it is due to a non-progressive interference of a developing fetus brain (Surman, et al., 2009).
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder, associated with the presence of an extra chromosome. Downs is characterized by mild to severe mental impairment, weak muscle tone, shorter stature, and a flattened face. Down syndrome is not a very common disease, one in every 691 children are born with Down syndrome. The disability is an illness that people are born with and is not contagious. Most people with Downs have a life expectancy of about 40 or 50 years of age. They only live for that short amount of time because they begin to develop a similar disease to Alzheimer’s. “100% of people with Down syndrome will develop some physiologic signs of Alzheimer’s when they are over 35 years old in the U.S” (Statistics about Down Syndrome). They also die earlier because having Down syndrome increases the risk of leukemia 15-20 times in the US. Therefore most people with Downs will die because of leukemia or heart problems before the age of 50.
The neurological disorder is generally diagnosed in children aged between six and twelve years, the condition affecting boys three times more often than girls (Hamilton, 2002; Gardner, 2008). Despite the fact that DCD affects roughly 6.4 percent of children, few individuals are familiar with the condition (Hamilton, 2002). In fact, a study by Kirby, Davies, & Bryant (2005) revealed that only 54.3% of teachers and 26.7% of general practitioners could accurately define DCD (p. 124). In response, the condition will be briefly outlined here.
Autism is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. The Autism spectrum is vast and varies in degree of severity from person to person. The challenges that come with Autism Disorder include difficulty in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. Autism has been a diagnosable disorder since 1951. Treatment options have changed since the first diagnosis. Available treatment today has advanced over the sixty-three year span and has become the best possible form of treatment available for Autism.
Cerebral palsy is a brain injury that significantly impacts a patient’s fine and gross motor skills and use of limbs. Cerebral palsy may also influence a patient’s intellectual capacity as well. There are a wide range of outcomes in patients with cerebral palsy but upon diagnosis, some parents recognise that the cause may have been due to negligence. If so, a reputable attorney can provide the necessary assistance needed to file a claim.
In Jan Tecklin’s book, Pediatric Physical Therapy, he states that “spina bifida is the second most common birth defect after Down syndrome” (163). Spina bifida includes any birth defect where the spinal canal is not completely closed. It is considered to be a neural tube defect or an NTD. The