Cerebral palsy is the term given to a general group of nonspecific neuromuscular disorders that cause behavioral abnormalities. The condition was originally thought to be caused by asphyxia and trauma during pregnancy; however, through extensive research many divisions of cerebral palsy emerged. Such categories include spastic, athetoid, and ataxic cerebral palsy. Today over half a percent of the worlds population is subject to this condition of the brain. Two to four out of a thousand are affected in the industrialized United States; however, with the introduction of new preventive measures the numbers of cerebral palsy victims born each year are expected to decline. (Anee Stanford, General Information about Cerebral Palsy, page 1&2) Brain damage before or at birth is the leading cause of cerebral palsy. Traumatic delivery due to either, a large fetal head, a small maternal pelvis, forceps compression, and/or the partial separation of the placenta may cause this condition. Other causes include oxygen deprivation due to excessive anesthesia, delayed spontaneous respiration, or sev...
It is characterized by normal early growth and development followed by a slowing of development, the loss of purposeful use of the hands, slowed brain and head growth, problems with walking, seizures, and intellectual disability.
Sankar, C; Mandkur, N. (2005). Cerebral Palsy-Definition, Classification, Etiology and Early Diagnosis. Symposium on Developmental and Behavioural Disorders. 72 (10), 865-868.
During fetal growth, the neural tube can develop any number of abnormalities. These “malformations occur because the tube fails to close properly, because parts of it are missing, or because part of the tube is blocked” (neural tube defect, 2014). Ramírez-Altamirano et al. (2012) have stated that “the most common types of neural tube defect are anencephaly, spina bifida, and encephalocele, all of which represent 95% of the cases.” Anencephaly is the most severe form of neural tube defect. In this condition the cephalic portion of the neural tube fails to close properly, resulting in very little cerebral tissue forming. Infants born with this defect are usually stillborn or live for a very short amount of time. Spina bifida consists of “a group of malformations of the spine in which the posterior portion of the bony canal containing the spinal cord is completely or partially absent” (Frazier & Drzymkowski, 2013, p. 63). This condition typically affects the lumbar portion of the neural tube, a...
Cerebral Palsy is a condition that involves the brain and nervous system which results in disorders in movement, learning, hearing, seeing and thinking. There has been a rise on the number of children who are diagnosed with CP since the 1960’s (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). After a child has been diagnosed with CP, it is important to help them regain their ability to walk. Cerebral palsy is a permanent but not unchanging condition that requires the help of medical professionals, the children and their families (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). Since the recent increase of the number of children diagnosed with CP, researchers has emphasized the importance of intensive intervention at an early stage (Prosser, Lee, VanSant, Barbe, & Lauer, 2010). Ways to help improve the gait kinematics of children with CP are through locomotor treadmill training (LTT) or strength training. There are advantages and disadvantages with both methods. There are also different cases of CP so the effects of these methods vary between the children. A disadvantage for locomotor treadmill training is that it is less effective on children with CP less than 4 years old (Mattern-Baxter, 2010). Strength training may improve walking function to some patients but may cause no change or undesired outcomes to others (Damiano, Arnold, Steele & Delp, 2010). It is important to look at the best method that can help improve ambulation in children with CP since the number of children diagnosed with this condition is becoming more frequent. The purpose of this paper is to compare the different studies and determine which strategy is more effective for children with cerebral palsy, treadmill training, or strength training.
Many people have heard the term cerebral palsy and may have a personal perception about the appearance and effects of this
How many of us wished to have super powers as kids ? I don't mean being strong as hulk, being bitten by a spider to be able to climb buildings like spider man, or be able to fly like birds around the city in the blue sky's. It is known that the human brain can not focus on a single task more than 10%. But there have been some individuals that are capable of this ability. Daniel Tammet have learned one of the most strenuous languages on earth fluently in just 7 days from his interview or Stephen Wiltshire which was capable of drawing the New York city and Rome just by having an one time tour with the helicopter and flying around the city he was able to draw the whole city and mentioning all the details without captivating any pictures or writing any notes. Amazing right? Sadly these talents have their own cost. Most of these indivisible suffer in their daily lives not being able to communicate with others within verbal communication or emotionally, most of them can't even function in their daily lives by their own, dress by them self or even eat a simple lunch not even talking about preparing the food leaving them to intended to live their lives isolated from the society. This rare syndrome i'm talking about is recognized as the savant syndrome. it's an unique condition letting the persons have an intelligence above normal in some ares in life such as musical, mechanical, artistic and mathematical, in exchange of limiting this person emotionally. Savant syndrome touches several people in the world. It can occur after birth or later in any stage of life. It affects both males and females but occurs mostly in males. Many scientists have come with different explanations for the savant syndrome. First it was discovered in 1987 by J.London Down. Also, he was the one that devised and related the disorder with the skill to mention an amazing memory. A study published by Bernard Rimland have states that "the savant skills most often present in autistic people are those associated with right hemisphere functions and the most deficient abilities are associated with left hemisphere functions (Treffer, 2002). This supports prove that the left brain hemisphere model to be correct.
In the 1960’s, an Austrian pediatrician, Dr. Andres Rett, recognized a few of his female patients with similar indications of having some type of neurologic disorder but did not fit the cerebral palsy classification (Zoghbi, 2002). Without the knowledge of earlier research, a Swedish physician, Bengt Hagberg, began to openly speak about his observations similarly to Dr. Andres Rett records (Zoghbi, 2002). Bengt Hagberg observed numerous of female patients with this unknown syndrome and was curious in their wringing hand movement that no textbook had information on. In June 1981 Dr. Neil Gordon hosted a board meeting of the European Federations of Child Neurology Societies in Manchester and Bengt Hagberg had the opportunity to share his studies there. The discussion group had other pediatric neurologists that had seen the same behaviors but they all were unable to categorize it into its own identity. As years past, this syndrome has increased and neurologist began to evaluate this syndrome t...
Cerebral Palsy (CP) is brain damage. It cannot be cured, it is not contagious, it is not a disease, and it does not get worse. According to Funk & Wagnalls New World Encyclopedia, "Cerebral Palsy is a broad term for various nonprogressive disorders of motor function in people, resulting from brain damage around the time of birth. Damage to the brain could occur before, during, or shortly after birth"(“Cerebral”). Since the damage is done during the brain’s formation, and occurs in the part of the brain that controls motor and muscle functions, people with CP might have problems with motor skills, muscle tone, muscle weakness, reflexes, balance, excessive drooling, difficulties swallowing or speaking, shaking, tremors, and difficulty with fine motor skills (“Cerebral Palsy: Hope”). Although it may not be diagnosed until a child is a few years old, most children with CP are born with it, and even though it does not get worse the symptoms caused by the brain damage can change and people with CP may have problems with vision, speech, hearing, or language, but with early intervention, support and treatment, many people with CP can manage their condition and lead full, productive lives.
Cerebral Palsy has a birth prevalence of nearly 2 out of 1000 live births and is the largest cause of physically disabled children in the developed world and has remained stable for the past 30 years (Cans, De-la-Cruz, & Mermet, 2008). There are about 10,000 infants diagnosed each year in the United States and an additional 1,200 to 1,500 other children who are diagnosed in preschool (United Cerebral Palsy, 2007). In total, there are around 1.5 and 2 million children and adults with cerebral palsy in the United States.
There are many other instances of disabilities or diseases that can cause disadvantages in life. Goering lists deafness and color-blindness, but I think that paralysis should also be included in thi...
It can be the result of cerebral palsy or strokes but often there is no known cause. Epilepsy is primarily treated with medications which are successful in reducing the frequency and severity of seizures in more than half of epilepsy patients. However, even a mild seizure can be very dangerous and depending on when and where you have it might even be fatal. Though the connection between the infant’s death is highly speculative, it’s a slight possibility that Elizabeth Renee Otte did mistake her baby for a bottle. According to Timberg (1999) "As we look at it, there was unlawful killing," said C. Linwood Gregory, commonwealth's attorney in New Kent County. "It's for the court to decide what type of crime was committed and whether it was committed under some type of disability." With Otte’s known disability, a lot of factors come into motion. If in fact she was that ill, she should have never been alone with and without the infant as well as begin consistently monitored by a specialist or guardian to ensure she does not cause harm to herself. Such commitments can be ordered in cases in which a person is determined to be a threat to her or others, or cannot care for herself. What would have happened if she was to have a seizure while holding the baby? Can you see why the authorities are not quite sure as to how someone could be so confused about a baby and a bottle of milk that needed warming but still is able to
Autism is a general term for a group of complex disorders of brain development. The Autism spectrum is vast and varies in degree of severity from person to person. The challenges that come with Autism Disorder include difficulty in social interactions, verbal and nonverbal communication and repetitive behaviors. Autism has been a diagnosable disorder since 1951. Treatment options have changed since the first diagnosis. Available treatment today has advanced over the sixty-three year span and has become the best possible form of treatment available for Autism.
A physical disability may affect a childâ€TMs social skills if they become withdrawn, their behaviour may also be affected if they feel frustrated by their limitations. Cerebral palsy for example, is a condition that affects the movement, posture and co-ordination of a person, a sufferer can also be affected by seizures, epilepsy or problems with speech and language. Development may be restricted by the
There are many causes of intellectual disabilities. Factors may be physical, genetic, and/or social. Down syndrome, Fragile X syndrome and Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder (FASD) are syndromes commonly linked with intellectual disability. Many common causes occur during pregnancy or at the time of birth. For example a mother w...
Cerebral palsy is a brain injury that significantly impacts a patient’s fine and gross motor skills and use of limbs. Cerebral palsy may also influence a patient’s intellectual capacity as well. There are a wide range of outcomes in patients with cerebral palsy but upon diagnosis, some parents recognise that the cause may have been due to negligence. If so, a reputable attorney can provide the necessary assistance needed to file a claim.