The golgi apparatus and the mitochondria are both eukaryotic bond organelles. The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bound organelle found near the cell nucleus in eukaryotic cells which is responsible for sorting and packaging proteins for secretion to various destinations in the cell. It is typically comprised of a series of five to eight cup-shaped, membrane-covered sacs called cisternae. Cells may have many cisternae. Vesicles near the golgi are involved in the transfer of material between the golgi and other structures.
The mitochondria is a site for cellular respiration. It generates ATP by extracting energy from sugars, fats, and other sources with the presence of oxygen. The mitochondria has two membranes. Both membranes are made of a phosolipid bilayer with embedded proteins, but the (smooth)outer membrane doesn’t have folds, cristae, that the inner membrane has. The inner membrane makes the proteins and enzymes that are used for cellular respiration.The two membranes are separated by a space, called the intermembrane space. The two membranes surround the mitochondrial matriz which contains enzymes, ribosomes and mitochondrial DNA. The mitochondria makes the ATP needed to help the cell function.
b) DNA is a double helix and it replicates itself by separating the two strands while each serves as a template for new nucleotides to pair up into two new complementary strands. In prokaryotes, DNA is located all over the cell, but in eukaryotes it is only in the nucleus, and more specifically on their chromosomes. Prokaryotic DNA are located in loops, and does not contain the proteins found in eukaryotic DNA. Prokaryotes DNA has less unhelpful DNA than eukaryotes do, who have about 95% unhelpful DNA. Prokaryotes also have less complex transcriptional regulatory mechanisms than eukaryotes. The cell wall is a rigid layer surrounding a cell that gives it support and protection. It protects the inside of the cell from internal movement while supporting the cell. Animal cells do not have cell walls, instead, they have a semi-permeable plasma membrane. Most prokaryotes have cell walls made of peptidoglycan made from polysaccharide chains cross-linked by peptides. They are semi-rigid and protect the bacteria again possible toxins. Unlike prokaryotes, the cell walls of plant cells are made of cellulose, while the cell walls of fungi are made of chitin.
There are many different cells that do many different things. But all of these cells fall into two categories: prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and are larger in size than prokaryotic cells. Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus, are smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells. Two of their similarities are they both have DNA as their genetic material and are covered by a cell membrane. Two main differences between these two cells are age and structure. It is believed that prokaryotic cells were the first forms on earth. They are considered primitive and originated approximately 3.5 billion years ago. Eukaryotic cells have only been around for about a billion years. There is strong evidence that suggests eukaryotic cells may be evolved from groups of prokaryotic cells that became interdependent on each other (Phenotypic analysis. (n.d.).
Cell cycle events portray some differences between different living things. In all the three living things, their cells divide, a process referred to as mitosis. The mitosis stage differs and it encompasses four phases. During development, the cell cycle functions endlessly with newly created daughter cells directly embarking on their path to mitosis. Bacteria cells separate forming two cells after every thirty minutes under favorable conditions. However, the eukaryotic cells take quite longer compared to bacteria cells to develop and divide. Nevertheless, in both animals and plants, cell cycle is usually highly regulated to prevent imbalanced and excessive growth. Both animals and plants are known as eukaryotes meaning that their DNA exists inside their cells’ nuclei. Therefore, their cells as well as mitotic processes are similar in various ways (Eckardt, 2012).
The mitochondria has an eggshape structure. The mitochondria consists of an inner and outer membrane. The outer membrane is what shapes the organelle to its egglike shape. The inner membrane which folds inward makes a set of "shelves" or cristae that allow the reactions of the mitochondria to take place. The more the mitochondria makes these reactions the more the inner membrane folds.
Organelles work together to carry out life processes and functions. Each organelle has a certain responsibility to carry out. Organelles are always working diligently to maintain a cell’s internal process and functions. Firstly, the “brain” of the cell is the nucleus. The nucleus administrates all of the cell activities. And, found within the nucleus there is genetic material called chromosomes. Secondly, the nuclear membrane surrounds the nucleus. Additionally, the mitochondria makes ATP energy from food. The lysosomes has digestive enzymes that help break food down. Furthermore, the ribosomes make protein. Then, the Golgi apparatus process and package the
Another important part of the mitochondria is the enfolding of the inner membrane which is called the cristae. The more the cristae folds, the more surface area will be used for synthesizing ATP. It also contains its own DNA and ribosomes. The main purpose of the mitochondria is to supply the cell with energy. Other purpose are cellular communication, differentiation, growth and cell death. That is the mitochondria.
The aim of this essay is to compare and contrast the genomes in eukaryotes and prokaryotes according to the perspective of Cell biology (The science that studies about cells). This comparison is conducted on genetic material, in respect to their location, size, expression, structure, architecture as well as number.
In contrast, eukaryotic organisms typically include (but are not limited to) membrane-bound organelles such as the nucleus, mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum (E.R.), golgi body, lysosome and peroxisome. The main defining difference between a eukaryote and prokaryote is that the latter does not contain a nucleus or any such organelles. Such a definition, however, can be argued to be a poor discriminator between organisms of Eukarya and Prokarya, because it describes only what prokaryotes are lacking, not what they fundamentally are. This essay aims to detail a more comprehensive definition of why these two kingdoms are so different from each other. A key example of this thinking is that, while prokaryotes are often singly responsible for metabolic processes, reproduction and cell repair, eukaryotes are often highly specialised in order to perform certain functions and rely upon other cells to fulfil different functions. For exa...
Endoplasmic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, and Lysosomes. (2013). In Scitable Nature Education. Retrieved December 09, 2013, from http://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/endoplasmic-reticulum-golgi-apparatus-and-lysosomes-14053361
The mitochondria produces food for the cell by converting energy the cell needs. The mitochondria and the nucleus are two organelles within a cell that have many of the same similarities. Both organelles are made of two membranes. These layers isolate within the organelle all things considered, yet have protein channels that permit things to go in and out. Both contain DNA material that conveys qualities that encode for proteins. Both have qualities that make ribosomes, the machines that read the guidelines in RNA to make
The mitochondria is an organelle which is generally an oval shape and is found inside the cytoplasm and is again apart of the eukaryotic cells. The main function of the mitochondria is to complete cellular respiration; in simple terms it acts like a digestive system to break down essential nutrients and to convert it into energy. This energy is usually found to in ATP which is a rich molecule taken from the energy stored in food. Furthermore, mitochondria stores calcium for signalling activities; such as heat, growth and death. They have two unique membranes and mitochondria isn’t found in human cells like the red blood cells yet liver and muscle cells are filled entirely with mitochondria.
Every cell, either prokaryotic or eukaryotic all contain basic cell parts. They are: a plasma membrane, cytoplasm, DNA (the genetic material), and ribosomes. Prokaryotic cells have a simple structure and they are usually smaller than eukaryotic cells. Also, most prokaryotic cells contain a cell wall. In addition to having the basic cell parts, eukaryotic cells also contain a membrane-bounded nucleus and cell organelles.
Energy production- The most important function of mitochondria is energy production in the form of ATP. The raw materials are food materials and tissues which are broken down in catabolism. These molecules transferred to mitochondria for further processes. In inner membrane they have electrical charges then they help in producton of ATP (Phosphorylaton) by combine with oxygen (Oxidaton) through five electron transport chain complexes. So this overall
The nucleus is often the largest organelle found in a Eukaryotic cell with a size of 10-20 un. It is surrounded by two membrane layers which can be identified on the diagram below. Within the nucleus structure are small pores with a size of 100un in diameter. These pores together make up around one third of the nuclear membrane surface area.
The Animal Cell is a little bit different than the Plant Cell for only a couple of reasons. One is how the Plant Cell has a cell wall and the Animal Cell doesn’t. The cell wall protects and gives structure to the cell. Then there is the Nucleus, which serves as a control center for the cell. Inside the Nucleus there are one or more Nucleoli. They are dense, granular bodies that disappear at the beginning of cell division and reappear at the end. Then you have the Cytoplasm. This is the watery material lying within the cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus. The Cytoplasm also contains organelles, which have specific functions in the cell metabolism. Then there are the Golgi Bodies, which serve as processing, packaging, and storage for the cell. These organelles package and ship things out. Another parts of the cell, a very important one in fact, are the Lysosomes. These organelles are used to break things down and contain enzymes.
Prokaryotes include several kinds of microorganisms, such as bacteria and cyanobacteria. Eukaryotes include microorganisms as fungi, protozoa, and simple algae. Virus cells often consist of just a nucleic acid either DNA or RNA in a protein capsule. Viruses are considered neither prokaryotes nor eukaryotes because they lack the characteristics of living things, except the ability to replicate (which they accomplish only in living cells).