INTRODUCTION The desertification is the most serious environmental problems that have social economic and political dimensions especially in GCC ,although this phenomenon is old , the importance of desertification appeared largely in the last two decades, this problem threatens very large areas and large numbers of people to hunger, homelessness and aridity , many countries and organizations striving to reach to solution for this problem , I chose this topic to know more about the desertification , the causes and effects of this phenomenon , and the possible solutions . DEFINITIONS OF DESERTIFICATION The common means of word desertification is an environmental crises which produces desert-like conditions in any ecosystem . The word desert came from ancient Egyptian hieroglyph pronounced tesert , meaning a place that was for forsaken or left behind . According to Glantz inventory , the word desertification has more than 100 definitions , this illustrate the complexity of this phenomena . Desertification is a process of environmental degradation by which productive land is made nonproductive and desert-like . In recent decades the total area of once productive land lost is estimated at over 9 million km the present annual rate of loss being of the order of 60000 km. Desertification ia global environmental problem , which directly affects some 100 countries in the world and indirectly affects the rest . The desertification in acceleration in in recent …show more content…
Actually, the distinctive reasons cooperate and about dependably you can discover a few components influencing the same territory. Factors which favor the erosion and consequently the desertification: - Natural
Desert Solitaire aims to draw attention to the activities of a man voluntarily isolated in nature. It seeks to identify the strife that Abbey faces with modern day human’s treatment of his nature. As such, the argument that Abbey poses in one his earlier chapters Rocks is, that the Modern Day man is destructive and cannot be trusted to preserve nature as is.
Antarctic’s ice melt and accelerating sea level rise, the growing number of large wildfires, intense heat wave shocks, severe drought and blizzards, disrupted and decreased food supply, and extreme storm events are increasing to happen in many areas world wide and these are just some of the consequences of global warming. The fossil fuel we burn for energy coal, natural gas, and oil plus the loss of forests due to disforestation, in the southern hemisphere are all contributors for climate change. In the past three decades, every single year was warmer then the previous year and the warmest 12 years were recorded since 1998. We are overloading our atmosphere with carbon dioxide and trapping the heat and recently, the carbon dioxide level in the atmosphere reached 400 pmm. Not just environmental issues are rising due to carbon dioxide increase but more and miscellaneous issues are appearing as climate change becomes more severe. For example, regional models and local analyses agree that Mongolia has become noticeably warmer and the climate change effect is damaging their millennial of historic nomadic lifestyle and even came to the peek of extinction. The Mongolian nomadic pastoralists became highly vulnerable to many an unusual climate impacts and extreme temperature fluctuation that have led to inadequate pasture land and loss of enormous number of livestock, often faces hostile environmental conditions that led o entrenched pastoral poverty. This essay focuses on how the climate change impacts the qualitative and quantitative value of indigenous culture and nomadic life style, and how the economy struggles in the magnitudes of massive migration of nomads to urban area while it fails to value t...
The Sahara desert is known as the largest dessert in the world, it covers a third of the continent of Africa. The thing about the desert is that it is always changing, new vegetation is sprouting and animals are dying and being born. During the day the desert is very hot, about 50 degrees Celsius, but at night time temperatures can drop very low. In the night is when the desert rains, for temperatures are too hot during the day for clouds to accumulate above them, and water is limited so there isn’t much precipitation.
Desertification to The Sahel The region known as the Sahel is a wide stretch of land running from the Atlantic ocean to the African "Horn", an area that contains the countries of Ethiopia, Djibouti, and Somalia And it is the strip of land that separates savanna from the desert, the issue I have been researching is Desertification to the Sahel, in other terms, The Sahel is shrinking at an alarming rate. Animals have been allowed to graze on its fragile land, which has destroyed the vegetation. The people who live along the Sahel have caused it to shrink by cutting trees and bushes for fuel.
His expertise may attract an array of readers, both newcomers and old-timers. It seems that his intended audience might be those who share his love of the desert and also those who want to know more. The essay is quasi-organized like an educational brochure or an expert interview with an inveterate desert denizen. An unintended audience of course might include the fledgling environmental activists who were emerging in the 1960s to fight for the protection of wilderness. Because of its focus on natural history, the article and the anthology, Desert Solitaire, in which it was published, might...
Niger is eighty-percent desert which doesn't provide natural resources or availability of water, even though the Niger River is a huge resource for Niger. With its beautiful, sparkling water flowing southwest in a sort of crescent shape it is a place of relief. Along this river, they have wonderful areas for farming and grazing and one can find the most populous city and the capitol Niger called Niamey. This Sub-Saharan country not only has the Sahara desert to deal with, but the Tener...
There are various ways to write about every topic. Every author has their own writing style that makes their work stand out from all the other writers. When it comes to nature writing it may seem like their isn't much variety. On the surface it seems like everyone of the writers just describes trees and animals; They simply use different words to do so. In actuality there are big differences in the way certain pieces are written compared to the rest. These differences are clear when comparing Edward Abbey’s “The Great American Desert” to “The Journals of Lewis and Clark” by Meriwether Lewis. Lewis writes interesting stories of his adventure to draw a reader in while Abbey uses humor and irony in his writing to draw a reader in.
Scientists have found fossils of prehistoric sea creature in the rocks. Over millions of years the sea dried up the fossil of sea creature remained preserved under layers of rocks and sand. After the sea dried up and forests and fertile grass land covered the land but then the climate changed it started to rain less and less. The rivers slowly dried up, and the forests and grasslands became deserts. River valleys turned into dry canyons called wadis. The desert is almost remained dry throughout the year and rain finally fall in the spring after that heavy storms that flood the wadis with rushing water. Because of flood soil erosion takes place and it make travel even harder and dangerous because of rock. In winter and spring, dry winds blow from the south in the desert, creating swirling sandstorm. The sandstorms blow for about fifty days, so the stormy seasons is called Khamseen, or fifty. The wind has different names such as samum and harmattan, depending on which way they blow. They blow as fast as 90 miles an hour and can uproot tents and even knock down
The first humans to settle on the Arabian Peninsula adopted foraging to survive approximately 15-20 thousand years ago. Fifteen thousand years ago, the last ice cap melted and the geography of the peninsula changed drastically (“History”). The climate reshaped from a savannah to a dry and arid desert (“History”). Approximately, 75% of the Arabian Peninsula is covered by deserts such as the Arabian, Syrian, and Rub al-Khali Deserts (“The Islam Project”). Because of the climate change, nomadic tribes dispersed to land rich in nutrients found in the Fertile Crescent and along the border of the peninsula. The Fertile Crescent is located between the Tigris and Euphrates Rivers and provided an excellent water source during the Neolithic Revolution, when nomads settled and discovered agriculture (“The Islam Project”). However, the Tigris and Euphrates rivers run parallel to one another and are known to flood unpredictably causing devastation among to settle...
Saier, M. H., Jr. (2010). Desertification and migration. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 205(1-4), S31+. Retrieved from http://go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?id=GALE%7CA359852755&v=2.1&u=oran95108&it=r&p=AONE&sw=w&asid=d58e000340b9e00632d610b6b1c2b1e4
The ecosystem of the desert biome is created due to the low average rainfall it receives each year. Though there are four major types of desert in this African biome--hot and dry, semiarid, costal, and cold—the largest populations of Fennec Foxes live in the northern, semiarid portion of the Sahara Desert. The countries within the Sahara desert range from Mauritania to Sudan—encompassing over 3.3 million square miles. Rain is infrequent and usually torrential- half of the Sahara receives less than an inch a year and the remaining receiving as much as 10 centimeters—much of which evaporates before it hits the ground. The Sahara desert is a vast habit that includes a variety of vegetation and animals. However, like many deserts vegetation is limited, the three best known plants in the Sahara desert include: Bristle Grass, Ephedra, and Merkba. The animals that live s...
The rehabilitation of degraded soil and water resources will be critical in meeting future global food demand in the context of future climate variability and in addressing associated negative impacts on the environment that are a consequence of current agricultural systems. At the global level, combating soil degradation (soil rehabilitation) will help offset greenhouse gas emissions, provide a better environment, guarantee more food to an increasing population, and contribute to the economic progress of future generations. However, in Ethiopia there is practice of rehabilitating the degraded low-potential areas mainly by construction of physical soil and water conservation
The world as we know it is, it is changing in all aspects like rapid advancement in technology and science factors which make the world climate to change. Climate change thus means the variation of global weather conditions. Climate change is the seasonal changes for a long period of time in the world. These climate patterns play an important role in shaping natural ecosystems, and the human economies and cultures that depend on them. For example, the changes in climate can affect how people, plants and animal live, such as food production and health risks. As the earth's climate is dynamic and always changing through a natural cycle, but most recently the scientists have recorded that the earth climatic changes are rapid, unpredictable and not following the natural cycle of global climatic changes of
Deserts of the World I have been presented with the task of researching deserts, hot & cold, where they are, what type they are and so on. I have therefore created the following graphs containing the information needed. Cold Deserts of the World The main form of precipitation in a cold desert is snow -- but only ten inches or less per year. Cold Deserts of the World Name Location Size Physical Features Some Plants & Animals Special Facts Atacama Coasts of Peruand Chile 54,000 mi2 140,000 km2 Covered by sand dunes and pebbles.
Global warming is one of the main causes, which leads to the lack of water and drought. A drought-like condition exists in most of India’s part. Government of India states that 68% of the country is disposed to the drought, which (consequences are) leads to massive migration of people to more favorable places, famine, conflicts among inhabitants. India is known in the world as one of the biggest producers of water-intensive crops such as rice, sugarcane and wheat. According to a survey done by Grail Research, approximately 82% of total water is used for agricultural consumption and 90% of it is employed for irrigation of rice, wheat and sugarcane (Grail Research, LLC, 2009). There are several solutions which could lead to the decr...