Every lawn eventually becomes the victim of lawn grass disease from the well-manicured expanse of the golf course to the sometimes-neglected backyard. This problem is devastating for the landowner following a large investment in establishing and caring for his turfgrass. However, the destruction of lawn grass infection is not beyond repair.
General Cause and Prevention
Lawn diseases, like human diseases, infect susceptible hosts. Similarly, the identification of lawn diseases is difficult at times, because they do not always display distinct characteristics tending to manifest with the same symptoms. Grasses vary in their resistance to disease; however, when environmental conditions are favorable to specific pathogens, infection occurs. Proper watering, mowing, aeration, sunlight and fertilization help to prevent or control problems by providing a disease-resistant environment.
High-Humidity Grass Diseases
Brown Patch: This lawn grass disease commonly infects most grasses initially manifesting as a small patch of wet, dark grass before progressing to circular or horseshoe-shaped patches of brown grass encompassed by a yellowish ring. The patches rapidly expand, advancing in size up to several feet in width. According to American-Lawns.com, this disease thrives in daytime temperatures of 75 to 85 degrees and evening temperatures over 65 degrees. Brown Patch disease responds well to consistent fertilization, early morning watering, keeping the grass a bit high and bagging lawn clippings to prevent contamination of areas previously infected. Healthy grass subsequently returns upon elimination of the infection. Use of fungicide before infection occurs serves as a preventive measure.
Dollar Spot: Dollar spot thrives in...
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...his disease. American-Lawns.com suggests controlling this disease by applying fungicide in October or early March after which a thorough watering is necessary. The arrival of warm weather kills the infected grass.
Stripe Smut: This cool-weather lawn grass disease is generally not severe and thrives in temperatures of 50 to 60 degrees. It cannot appear in extended hot temperatures of about 90 degrees. Stripe Smut affects the growth of grass, causing lawns to appear patchy and uneven. Infected blades display yellowish-green streaks that eventually turn gray and black. The black streaks rupture, splitting the leaves and spilling out black powdery spores. John Swenson suggests impeding the progression of Stripe Smut by applying nitrogen and watering deeply, preferably in the morning. Severe cases, though rare, require the use of fungicide in late fall or early spring.
There are a few things to look for when distinguishing between Kentucky, rough, and annual blue grass. The ligules of Kentucky blue grass are very short. Only .2 to .6 mm long and truncate. The ligules of rough blue grass are much longer, 2-6
The devastating chestnut blight was discovered invading its first victims in 1904. After exposure, the fungus enters into the trees cambium through the bark causing a canker. The fungus then spread around the cambium, girdling the tree, cutting of its life support and ultimately causing death. Many methods were used to try to prevent further infections, chemical fungicides, and burning other chestnuts around infected areas, but all were unsuccessful. The blight would soon reach through the Southern United States destroying all known native American chestnut trees.
...dewormer called avermectin that should be given monthly if you decide that the meningeal worm could be a problem in your pasture.
Sclerotinia stem rot (SSR) is caused by fungus named sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. It is a common disease in oilseed rape (Brassica napus) field. In Sweden, S. sclerotiorum can cause 60% yield reduction in infected fields (Nordin, 1992). SSR is a major disease of canola in North Dakota. The incidence ranged from 7-19% in North Dakota from 1991 to 1993. ( Lamey, 1995). It occurs almost every year and in most regions of the state. Symptoms on canola appear when flowering appear two to three weeks after infection. Mushy is the first visible symptom. Petals are the first part to be infected, then infection can spread to leaf petioles and finally to stems. Light brown discoloured patches will show on stems, branches and pods. These lesions will expand and the plant surface becomes greyish-white color. When main stem is infected, the canola plant will be easy to lodging. Hard, black structures called sclerotia (survival structure of the pathogen) will be produced on infected tissues after the infection is well-established. It can be found inside of infected stem.
In the 1880's a harmful fungus known as blight, inhabited the United States from imported Japanese chestnut trees. Blight quickly spread, killing chestnuts and chinquapins, which is another species of chestnut that produces 1 nut per bur. In 1904, Chestnut blight appeared infecting trees in New York City and spread at a rate of 20-50 miles per year. By 1906, W.A. Murrill reported that this disease is known to occur in New Jersey, Maryland, District of Columbia, and Virginia. In 1912, the Planet Quarantine Act was passed to reduce the chances of plant deterioration or devastation prevention. Chestnut Blight or Chestnut Bark Disease was originally found in 1904 and within 50 years, it spread across the eastern United States, from Maine to Georgia and as far west as the edge of Michigan. By 1950, the American chestnut was essentially eliminated as a forest tree. In 1972, importation from Italy gave a biological control in which a virus helped prevent the blight f...
Disease and parasitism play a pervasive role in all life. Many of these diseases start with microparasites, which are characterized by their ability to reproduce directly within an individual host. They are also characterized by their small size, short duration of infection, and the production of an immune response in infected and recovered individuals. Microparasites which damage hosts in the course of their association are recognized as pathogens. The level of the interaction and the extent of the resultant damage depends on both the virulence of the pathogen, as well as the host defenses. If the pathogen can overcome the host defenses, the host will be damaged and may not survive. If on the other hand the host defenses overcome the pathogen, the microparasite may fail to establish itself within the host and die.
Hypothesis 1: If different de icing techniques are used, then calcium chloride will have a larger negative impact on the growth of Tall Fescue grass because it will toxify the grass when it is exposed to too much of the chemical.
Bovine Spongiform Encephalopathy or Mad Cow Disease (BSE), degenerative brain disorder of cattle. Symptoms in cows include loss of coordination and a typical staggering gait. Affected animals also show signs of senility, for example, lack of interest in their surroundings, the abandonment of routine habits, disinterest in feed and water, or unpredictable behavior. Affected cattle show symptoms when they are three to ten years old.
Paddocks with wood chips can be used to allow for exercise but prevent mud related problems. Over grazing is not recommended as the short stubble consists of mostly stem which is the storage organ for NSC (Watts, 2004); instead limit grazing when there is limited supply to minimise stress. Horses should be kept off the first new shoots after a period of stress, such as drought. The NSC concentration can be reduced by waiting until the new grass has two of the three leaves per tiller. This allows the sugars that have been gathered in the underground storage organs to be utilised for production.
...ut 10%. This is despite of obtaining high virus titers. Symptomless plants are regarded as carriers of PVX and are an important source of infection. Under more severe conditions, necrotic streaks and severe mosaic, crinkling and rugosity of the leaves can occur. Especially upon mixed infections with potato virus Y (PVY), the yield loss can be up to 50%.
More people exposed to the fungus because of increased travel or relocation to the southwestern United States
I hope your outlook on citrus is a whole lot different. These farmers are not rednecks; they may not wear dress shoes and a tie everyday but they know what hard work is. If this disease kills the citrus in Florida then I have no clue what these farmers will do. When you’re a farmer you are taught to live off the land; so I am sure they will be just fine.
Schumann, Gail L., and Cleora J. D'Arcy. Hungry Planet: Stories of Plant Diseases. St. Paul: American Phytopathological Society, 2012. Print.
The Infection Prevention and Control (IPC) Program is an essential force maximizing quality, patient centered care, and safety throughout the Veterans Affairs North Texas Health Care System (VANTHCS). The VANTHCS “... is a progressive health care provider in the heart of Texas ... we serve more than 117,000 Veterans and deliver 1.4 million outpatient episodes of care each year to Veterans in 38 Texas counties and two counties in southern Oklahoma” (“VA North Texas,” 2016, para. 1). The purpose of the IPC Program is to guide a facility-wide approach toward identifying, preventing, controlling, and eliminating healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). This approach is facilitated through infection control (IC) practitioner’s role-modeling behaviors of assessing, supporting, guiding, and/or directing healthcare providers (HCPs) in the application of evidence-based practices (EBPs) to prevent HAIs. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), HAIs are often preventable adverse events that pose a major threat to patient safety (“Centers for Disease,” 2016). As a result, IC practitioners recognize the importance of preparing nurse faculty to engage clinical staff in the application of EBPs to prevent infections.
The diagram below shows that grass doesn’t have a steady growth curve throughout the year, there’s a peak in May with surplus grass. The grazing method chosen helps to make the most efficient use of grass at all times of the grazing cycle.