Osteoporosis: Causes and Treatment
Asha O. Malima
Anatomy and Physiology 2
Dr. Maria Y. Cervantes
South Texas College
What is Osteoporosis?
Osteoporosis is a condition of porous bones by which the bone breaks down more than its creating new bone. The bones become too fragile and sustainable to more fractures because it decreases bone mass and density. According to statistics gathered by Taylor (2004) states that as many as ten million Americans have osteoporosis. Fractures suffered from osteoporosis are more numerous than heart attacks. This condition is most common in women compared to men. According to the international osteoporosis foundation “Osteoporosis is assessed to affect 200 million women worldwide experiences the
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These two things go hand in hand. You’re more likely to take in calcium by drinking milk that has Vitamin D.
Symptoms of Osteoporosis
It is easy to mistake Osteoporosis for Arthritis because of the pain, but as Jacobs-Kosmin points out Osteoporosis usually does not develop obvious until a break occurs. “Two thirds of vertebral fractures are painless.” According to these findings, pain is the most noticeable sign of this disease. Because bones are weak fractures are easier to come by especially compression fractures found mainly in the vertebrae. A condition known as Kyphosis which is most common in older people causes a loss of height and backwards curvature of the spins (Marieb 2010).
The bone mineral density (BMD), which is a bone scan, is needed in order to determine, diagnose and measure bone density (medical news today). It’s the highest technology in x-ray viewing where they get to see what is going on inside the bone. Osteoporosis is diagnosed when the T-score is below -2.5.
Osteoporosis comes from the latin word meaning “porous bone”. If you were to look closely at a bone you could see there are these small spaces on the bone which is good, now if you look at someone who suffers from osteoporosis you will see these spaces are much larger. As these spaces become larger it takes away from the strength and integrity of the bone making it grow weak and thin. Osteoporosis is most common in women over the age of 50 and gives them a higher risk of fractures and or breaks especially common in the hips. While we know osteoporosis comes from a number of things it can be broken down to age, the hormonal changes most commonly seen in menopause and a lower intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Age is the unpreventable factor that doctors or you cannot change. Hormonal changes can be fixed with supplements or hormone therapy along with ones intake of Vitamin D and Calcium. Hormone therapy, estrogen alone or the combination of estrogen and progestin have been proven to prevent and aide in the treatment of osteoporosis in
The American Dietetic Association’s position statement on Nutrition and Athletic Performance, written in conjunction with the Dietitians of Canada and the American College of Sports Medicine, makes specific references to the effects of Vitamin D, both independently and in reference to other micronutrients who are influenced by Vitamin D within the body. The American Dietetic Association’s position statement also describes that Vitamin D is required for a myriad of functions within the body, which include adequate calcium absorption, regulation of serum calcium and phosphorous levels, promotion of bone health, and regulation of homeostasis and development of the nervous system and skeletal muscles 1.
But after the early stage, your bones may become weak. These signs include: back pain, shortness of breath, shrinkage in height and bad, irregular posture. Many people don’t start showing signs until they have broken a bone, such as a wrist bone or a hip bone. There are two different types of Osteoporosis. There is Juvenile Osteoporosis (which is very rare), it occurs in children that is due to medication or medical conditions. Premenopausal Osteoporosis which happens to older women before menopause. There are three different ways to check for Osteoporosis. The first one is a painless bone density scan called a dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) (Stang, 2016). The second one is a digital x-ray radiogrammetry (DXR), it is like the DXA but uses less technology. And the last one is ultrasounds. Ultrasound scans are also used to screen for osteoporosis but it is not able to get a good reading like the others, so this method isn’t used as often. If you break a bone the doctor will try these types of x-ray to see if it was caused by
Osteoporosis is a condition, which advances with age, resulting in fragile, weak bones due to a decrease in bone mass. Externally osteoporotic bone is shaped like normal bone, however it’s internal appearance differs. Internally the bone becomes porous due to a loss in essential minerals, including phosphate and calcium. The minerals are loss more quickly than they can be replaced and in turn cause the bones to become less dense and weak. The bones become prone to fracture, due to their weakness. Therefore the awareness of the disease tends to occur after a fracture has been sustained. The bones most commonly affected are the ribs, wrist, pelvis and the vertebrae.
Osteoporosis is a condition, in which bones are weak from deterioration, loss of bone mass, and quality bone strength. Osteoporosis usually triggers postmenopausal women (women who have not had their period for a whole year), or older men and women. Some risks both older men and women endure when experiencing osteoporosis are decreased calcium and bone fractures. These symptoms or effects can all be caused by weight loss, smoking, age, ethnicity, genetics, medications, bone structure, and certain diseases that can later on contribute to osteoporosis, such as rheumatoid arthritis. Osteoporosis may be prevented by going to drug therapy to stop alcoholism and smoking, a sufficient amount of calcium intake, and exercising such as jogging, walking, and aerobics.
Osteoporosis is associated with repeated fractures, tender bones, neck and back pain, a decrease in height as well as poor posture. There is a variety of factors that contribute to the development of osteoporosis. These include a calcium deficiency, possibly due to a poor diet, aging and old age, the loss of estrogen that comes with the onset of menopause in women, as well as genetics. There are several other diseases that contribute to osteoporosis such as Cushing’s Disease and rheumatoid arthritis. There are 40 million Americans who struggle with this disease, men as well as women although women are more likely to develop it due to the loss of estrogen during and post-menopause. The estrogen loss is a major factor in bone formation. Other factors include family members who have had the disease, smoking, and being on certain medications such as prednisone.
More than 20 million people in the united states are affected by osteoporosis disease every year. Furthermore, Osteoporosis leads to about 1.5 million fractures in this country every year ("Celebrate World Osteoporosis Day, 2016). Osteoporosis is a common disease where people lose bone density faster than normal. This disease causes the bone to become weak and brittle which leads to fractures of the spine, hip, and wrist from a simple fall or even a sneeze or a cough. Osteoporosis usually does not have any symptoms and goes undetected until a fracture occurs. This silent disease can impact any gender, but it affects more women than men especially after menopause. Osteoporosis occurs when more
...risk breast milk only has a very small amount of vitamin D. this was found as a problem also in the 16th centaury because it was normal for you child to drink mostly your milk two years into their life. An ABC NEWS reports looked at 380 kids below the age of 2 and 12% were deficaint in vitamin D and 40% dint have the desirable amount in their body, report by Dustin Lushing,. So although not many kid suffer from rickets it is still a problem in some areas that have a lack of education about the disease and how important the right amount of vitamin D is and sun in moderation.
Abstract: Osteoporosis is a bone disorder that occurs in people with poor bone density. This disorder can cause secondary illnesses such a fragility fractures. There are many risk factors that can cause osteoporosis, and there are preventative measures that can be used in prolonging a person’s chances of developing osteoporosis in later adulthood life. Diagnosis is easily achievable.
Osteoporosis was first mentioned by Sir Astley Paston Cooper. Other common symptoms include gum disease, tooth decay, premature graying of hair, arthritis, low back pain, leg cramps, and nail growth. Fragility fracture occurs when a person falls from a standing position or a low height and breaks a bone that would not break in a person with a healthy bone. Heritability of bone mass estimated to account for 60-90% of its variance (Kaczkowsi, 2013).
Bone density generally refers to the strength of a bone and its ability to bear weight. Doing a bone density scan therefore measures a bone’s strength, its ability to bear weight, and its risk of fracture. The most common and accurate way to measure bone density is to use a Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) scan. (Medlineplus, 2014). Before the use of DEXA was introduced, osteoporosis could be determined only when a patient broke a bone, and by then, the bone may have become very weak. With a bone density scan however, it can be determined if a patient is at risk of bone fracture, or at risk of osteoporosis. The bone density scan is done with Dual Energy X-ray Absorptiometry (DEXA) equipment. The DEXA technology became available for clinical use in 1987, but before then, there were the Single Photon Absorptiometry (SPA), and Dual Photon Absorptiometry (DPA), both of which are no longer in use. (Dasher, Newton, & Lenchik, 2010). The bone density scan is usually done on the following patients:
There are many identifiable risk factors that are both modifiable, and non-modifiable. The gender of the patient is a major risk factor, as women are more likely to develop osteoporosis. Of the almost 50 million Americans diagnosed with osteoporosis, 80% are women. Females at any age have less bone density than males, but in the mid-30's women experience bone loss at a rate of 1% each year (Berarducci, 2008). Walker (2010) adds to the previous statistics, citing around one out of three women over the age of fifty will have a fracture related to osteoporosis, compared to one in 12 men.
Calcium is essential to normal functioning in a healthy individual; this only leaves the question of where to get it. There are many sources available to meet daily requirements, two of which are dairy products and supplemental vitamins. Both of these options have qualities that make them appealing, so choosing might be difficult or even come to a middle ground. Some of the considerations to be made are: what calcium is, the types of calcium in each source, how much should be ingested daily, the body’s ability to absorb and tolerate calcium from the chosen source, and the interactions that might occur with other medicines and required daily nutrients. In both cases a decent nutritional diet still needs to be incorporated. It may seem like a simple choice between a couple of pills a day or 3-4 glasses of milk, but there is quite a bit more
Osteoporosis is a disease in which the bones become so weak and brittle that even a cough can cause enough stress on the bone that it will cause the bone to facture. The most commonly broken bones are the hip, wrist, and the spine. Although it affects men and women of all races, post-menopausal Caucasian and Asian women are more commonly affected than those of other ethnicities and sexes. In fact, thirty percent of all post-menopausal women in the US and Europe will be diagnosed with Osteoporosis and at least 40 percent of those will suffer from a fracture in their lifetime.
..., RL & Armas, LAG 2011, 'Vitamin D3 Is More Potent Than Vitamin D2 in Humans', The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, vol. 96, no. 3, pp. E447-E52.