Helena Vassiliades A & P 4th Dr. Welch May 17, 2016 Cat Dissection LAB I. Introduction: Dissection is important and valuable to the avid scientist because the best way to understand and figure out how a system works is to see it. Comparative anatomy concerns the subject area of dissecting a mammal close in relation to another and then comparing the different structures found in each dissection. David Brookes, a member of a board of education in Carolina, recommends, “If you want kids to learn something, they need to actually see it” (Brookes). In this case, I studied a cat and compared it to a human. It is a smart idea to dissect cats because unlike the common frog or rat, it is a relatively large, yet conveniently small mammal that provides almost the exact same structures as a human internally. I think using a cat is an excellent subject to specifically study and compare to humans because cats’ systems are very similar to humans and they are a mammal like humans. II. System Review A. Skeletal Because of a cat’s non bi-pedal nature (it walks on all fours) and a drastically different method of mobility, a cat’s skeletal system isn’t exactly just like a human’s. Human’s shoulders aren’t as narrow as cats because cats have to move around on all fours and squeeze through spaces; cat’s …show more content…
The hydrochloric acid in the stomach breaks down the sugars within the ingested food and chemically simplifies them. The acid is produced by the liver and is stored in the gall bladder (behind and under the liver). The now called bile then travels to the small intestine where vital nutrients are absorbed by the body and proteins are broken down in the duodenum. The large intestine is the next section and it absorbs all the water still retained in the processed material. When every possibly useful thing to the body is stripped from the bile, the substance is then excreted by the body through the rectum and
The food bolus goes down the pharynx a tube which connects the mouth to the esophagus. The esophageal sphincter then closes after food enters the esophagus and peristalsis moves food through the esophagus to the stomach. Then the gastroesophageal surrounding the cardial orifice opens and food enters the stomach. The stomach is a J-shaped, muscular pouch positioned in the abdomen. The stomach is made out of three layers of muscularis externa for mechanical digestion. Digestion in the stomach begins when it churns and mixes food with four secretions of the stomach wall which are hydrochloric acid (HCL) its task is to keep the stomach functioning properly maintaining the stomach acidic, mucus, inactive enzyme pepsinogen that is then converted into an active pepsin, pepsin enzyme works best in the acidic environment, pepsin also kills the bacteria that is swallowed along with your food at the time of ingestion. After the food has been broken down from solid material into liquid, also known as chyme. Chyme then exits the stomach through the pylorus into the small
In Labs 22 through 26, my lab partner and I were assigned a fetal pig to perform a dissection on in order to understand anatomy, the study of an organism’s structure1, and physiology, the study of the functions and activities of a living organism2. Throughout these labs, we studied the structure of the fetal pig and performed experiments to understand four system processes: digestion, cardiovascular, respiratory, and excretory. Dissecting an organism, physically moving and seeing the different portions of the organism, especially of a fetal pig, is very important. This helps in the understanding of the skeletal structure and what series of physical and chemical processes the mammalian species body performs in order to survive.
in the stomach, and subsequently, the food is passed along to the intestine for more digestion and absorption
The digestive process begins in the mouth, known as the oral cavity, where food enters. Chewing breaks the food into pieces that are more easily swallowed, while saliva mixes with food to dissolve food molecules. After that the tongue pushes food toward esophagus. The esophagus is a muscular tube extending from the pharynx to the stomach. By means of a series of contractions, called peristalsis, the esophagus delivers food to the stomach. The stomach secretes acid by tiny glands. At the same time that protein is being digested with the enzyme pepsin to break down protein into smaller molecules. Beside these muscles of the stomach contracts rhythmically to squeeze food. All the directions the food becomes thick liquid like milk shake. Then the food arrives in the small intestine from the stomach through the opening of the pyloric sphincter. The pyloric sphincter muscle is the furthest part of the stomach that connects to the small intestine. The food fully digest and absorp nutrients in small intestine with the aid of liver, gall bladder, pancreas. So the digestive system is very necessary for
To some people, declawing is known as a simple and minor procedure. Declawing is much more complex than just clipping their toenails. It’s actually an invasive surgery known as feline onychectomy (PETA). The problem is that declawing a cat is basically another form of mutilation. declawing leads to the removal of a cats bones in their feet which then leads the cats to have less than the paw they were
Anatomy classes often use minks for dissection to help teach students about the anatomy of a body. Dissections are the cutting apart and separation of tissue and it is useful and follows comparative anatomy, the study of different species similar to the human body. Mink dissections are useful because they teaches students through visually and hands on learning. Scientists use other species, such as a minks, to study and understand the complexity of a human body and develop more of an understanding. Using different species learns more about the animal and the human body.
It holds a juice that contains digestive enzymes like trypsin,it helps digest protein foods, the juice is called, pancreatic juice. It also holds amylase and maltase, they mash down carbohydrates. And finally it also holds lipase, it works with bile from the liver to digest fat. Bile is made in the liver but held in the gallbladder, a little pitted organ found just below the liver. Bile does not have enzymes instead, it holds mostly acids, salts, cholesterol, and other materials that work with lipase to break down fats.
...ve eaten, to break down the food into a liquid mixture and to slowly empty that liquid mixture into the small intestine. Once the bolus has entered your stomach it begins to be broken down with the help of the strong muscles and gastric juices which are located in the walls of your stomach. The gastric juices are made up of hydrochloric acid, water, and mucus- and the main enzyme inside of your stomach is what is known as pepsin, which needs to be surrounded in an acidic setting in order to do its job, that is to break down protein. Once the bolus has been inside of your stomach for long enough it begins to form into a liquid called chyme, and what keeps the chyme from flowing back into our esophagus are ring shaped muscles known as sphincters located at the beginnings and ends of the stomach and they have the task of controlling the flow of solids and liquids.
Imagine you are eating a sandwich containing wheat bread, ham, lettuce, and Swiss cheese. Do you ever wonder where the nutrients go from all of the previous listed ingredients? Well, when a bite of this sandwich is taken, the mouth produces a saliva enzyme called amylase. This enzyme immediately goes to work by breaking down the carbohydrates that are in the bread. Once, the bite is completely chewed, the contents then are swallowed and go down the esophagus and begin to head towards the upper esophageal sphincter and the is involuntarily pushed towards the stomach. The next passage for the sandwich is to go through the lower esophageal sphincter; which transports the sandwich into the stomach.
Have you ever wondered where your food has gone once you consume it? Through your digestive system where the mass of food undergoes a process called digestion. Digestion is the chemical and physical breakdown of food into forms such as energy or nutrients that can be used by the body’s cells (McKenzie, 2010). The whole process starts in the mouth. The mouth contains a watery substance called saliva. Saliva is important to the whole process of food digestion, because not only does it help with sensing taste, but it is also made up of enzymes that break down the fats and starches in food at a molecular level. The esophagus is a tube where swallowed food travels down to the stomach. The stomach is a muscular sac that acts as a blender and mixes food with acid, hydrochloric acid, which breaks down the swallowed chum and flushes the nutrients into the small intestine (Columbia University, 2010). The hydrochloric acid in the stomach is so powerful it can eat through a leather shoe. However, the stomach contains other chemicals, such as gastric acid, mucus and enzymes that also soften food (Sullivan, 2008). The result thus far in the process of digestion in the stomach is now called chime (Sullivan,
Everything that cannot be broken down further goes into the large intestines and will eventually be eliminated out of the system.
Both similarities and differences between the rat and the human were evident while participating in the dissection. As mentioned before in the introduction, both rats and
The human digestion system is very complex. It starts with the mouth, salivary glands, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine, then ends/exits with the anus. Each step is essential to the whole system. For example, the mouth chews food and mixes it with saliva produced by the salivary glands, and then the pharynx swallows chewed food mixed with saliva, this is followed by the food traveling through the esophagus to the stomach where the food gets a bath and mixes with acids and enzymes. After the stomach, the liver, pancreas, and gallbladder produce, stores, and releases bile and bicarbonates. Bile is produced in the liver and aids in digestion and absorption of fat while the gallbladder stores bile and releases it into the small intestine when needed. Following the process into the small intestine, this is where nutrients will be absorbed into the blood or lymph (most digestion occurs here). Next is the large intestine this is where water and some vitamins and minerals are absorbed. Finally, it is the end of the road, the anus. At...
Although cats and dogs are both animals they are different in many ways from, showing love, grooming, vaccinations, food, and vet care. To me dogs are more loveable than cats. However, cats are cheaper when it comes to grooming, vaccinations, and food. Owners treat and take care of their dogs better than their cats. I have always been more of a dog person even though they are expensive.
It is then secreted within the small intestine where it helps to break down ethanol, fats and other acidic wastes including ammonia, into harmless substances.