Strengths of the proposed study This study aimed to support the hypothesis that sexually abused children are at higher risk of developing posttraumatic stress disorder once they reach adulthood. I was able to offer an incentive which influenced people to want to partake in the study. I will administer this scale in to asses a sample of 250 randomly selected individuals in a private clinical setting. This private setting enabled people to feel more comfortable to partake in this study. The scale is a comprehensive structured interview primarily used for posttraumatic stress disorder. In a series of psychometric studies the CAPS has been shown to be a reliable psychometric instrument based on analyses of inter-rater reliability, test-retest reliability, and internal consistency (D. Blake, Klauminzer, Charney, Keane, & Buckley, 2000). It is also the case that the Clinical Administered PTSD Scale is the most accurate measure of PTSD compared to other structured interviews and self-report instruments of PTSD. The questions asked in this interview were open ended which gave the individuals participating the ability to expand their answers beyond the typical “yes” and “no” answers. The Clinical Administered PTSD Scale is a generalized scale, which gives it an advantage over other scales for the fact that it can be used on people regardless of age, race, gender and ethnicity. Lastly, strength of this study was that I was able to find abundant information about sexual child abuse in relation to posttraumatic stress disorder. Limitations of the proposed study A disadvantage of studying adults, who were sexually abused as a child, is that it can be strenuous to find individuals who are willing to openly talk about their past traumas, e... ... middle of paper ... ...ence, pp. 727-737. Martin, L. (2012). Assessment and Diagnosis of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder. Psych Central. Retrieved on March 24, 2014, from http://pro.psychcentral.com/2012/assessment-and-diagnosis-of-posttraumatic-stress-disorder/00724.html. Watson, P., McFall, M., McBrine, C., Schnurr, P., Friedman, M., Keane, T., et al. (n.d.). Best Practice Manual for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Compensation and Pension Examinations. Department of Veterans Affairs, 1-121. Wilson, D. (2010, January). Health Consequences of Childhood Sexual Abuse. Google Scholar , pp. 56-64. Charles H. Zastrow, K. K. -A. (2013). Understanding Human and the Social Enviornment. California: Brooks/Cole. Zimring, A., & Kearney, C. (2011, October). Posttraumatic Stress and Related Symptoms Among Neglected and Physcially and Sexually Maltreated Adolescents. Springer Science, pp. 601-604.
Lemoncelli, John, and Robert S. Shaw. Healing from Childhood Abuse: Understanding the Effects, Taking Control to Recover. ABC-CLIO,
Boone, Katherine. "The Paradox of PTSD." Wilson Quarterly. 35.4 (2011): 18-22. Web. 14 Apr. 2014.
Finkelhor, D., Hotaling, G., Lewis, I., & Smith, C. (1990). Sexual abuse in a national survey of
Hunt-Amos, S., Bischoff, R. J., & Pretorius, R. (2004). The Husband's Experience of His Wife's Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Exploratory Study and Implications for Couple therapy. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 3(4), 1-21.
Child abuse is a serious issue in today's society. Many people have been victims of child abuse. There are three forms of child abuse: physical, emotional, and sexual. Many researchers believe that sexual abuse is the most detremental of the three. A middle-aged adult who is feeling depressed will probably not relate it back to his childhood, but maybe he should. The short-term effects of childhood sexual abuse have been proven valid, but now the question is, do the long-term effects of childhood sexual abuse affect middle-aged adults? Many contradicting views arise from the subject of childhood sexual abuse. Researchers and psychologists argue on this issue. Childhood sexual abuse has the potential to damage a child physically, emotionally, and behaviorally for the rest of his or her childhood, and the effects have been connected to lasting into middle-aged adulthood.
The reliability of the Children's PTSD Inventory has been described in two recent, peer-reviewed publications based on overlapping samples: 150 youth (109 of whom were stress-exposed) who had been seen at a large urban hospital or a private clinic in the Northeastern United States, and an additional 11 youth also seen at a private clinic. The manual essentially restates information from these two publications. Results are quite promising. The internal consistency reliability of the overall diagnosis based on the inventory was very strong (alpha = .95), and four of the five inventory sections showed adequate internal consisten...
According to the National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System, an estimated 777,200 children were determined to be victims of abuse or neglect by a protective service agency in the United States in 2008, and 9.1% of these children were determined to have been sexually abused (Draucker, 2011). Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is a prevalent problem in the United States that is associated with many long term psychological, behavioral, social and physical effects on men and women (Draucker, 2011). These effects can make a person’s life a living hell. They turn someone into a person that they may not have been if the tragic event didn’t happen to them.
"Understanding Child Sexual Abuse: Education, Prevention and Recovery." Http://www.apa.org. N.p., n.d. Web. 08 Apr. 2014.
Schiraldi, G. R. (2009). The post-traumatic stress disorder sourcebook: A guide to healing, recovery, and growth. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Another leading cause of PTSD most commonly found in this day and age in people is neglect. With all the technology running our planet today and social media, cheating and neglect of important relationships occur quite often. Social media enables people to cheat without even knowing or realizing it as well as takes away precious time you have with the people whom are surrounding you at that moment. Also neglect can occur when violence transpires within the home and can have very serious effects on the ones in the household. “Neglect may be co-morbid with witnessing family violence. In the National Survey of Child and Adolescent Well-Being, the first nationally representative study of children referred to the child welfare system (Burns et al., 2004), high rates of domestic violence were reported (Hazen et al., 2004). In a twin study of 1116 families of monozygotic and dizygotic 5 year old twin pairs, children exposed to high levels of domestic violence had IQs that were on average 8 points lower than unexposed children (Koenen et
In terms of physical health, victims of child sexual abuse have higher rates of diseases. In fact, when children abused sexually are too young to realize what sexual abuse is, they feel hurtful in some parts of their body especially genitals. However, child sexual abuse is also associated with physical health problems in adulthood. Adult survivors of child sexual abuse are at greater risk of a wide range of conditions that are non-life threatening and are potentially psychosomatic in nature. These include fibromyalgia, severe premenstrual syndrome, chronic headaches, irritable bowel syndrome and a wide range of reproductive and sexual health complaints, including excessive bleeding, amenorrhea, pain during intercourse and menstrual
Probably one of the most damaging, and longest lasting effects of assault, is the emotional turmoil that follows afterwards. Every victim’s response is unique, and they suffer from a range of emotional disorders, from depression to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. Survivors of sexual assault are more likely to become depressed, anxious, engage in risky behavior, develop an eating
It also educated me on the detrimental impacts sex abuse has on the long-term mental and physical health of these people. I always considered myself as a person who was somewhat informed in the effects of child sex abuse. However it wasn't until I had to critically analyze academic work that I realized my lack of knowledge and comprehension within this field. In the early stages of my investigation Beichman (1992) and Mullen (1998) gave me an in-depth and broad explanation into this broad topic and made me conscious of the various consequences of child sex abuse. These articles especially made me interested in the topics of disclosure and its link between child sex abuse, depression and substance abuse. I became very interested in these topics and began to narrow my exploration into these three substantial areas of child sexual abuse. In that time I had read a large sum of articles and informative papers, which led me to become more vigilant in the behavior of young children and people around me, and more aware of the horrible things that go on behind closed
For children who have endured sexual abuse, the scars are often deep and far-reaching, and if left untreated, may last a lifetime. For families of these children, the pain and frustration associated with finding help can seem overwhelming. Luckily, there exist many treatment options and services dedicated to helping those affected by sexual abuse. The most important factors in reducing long-term harm to victims of sexual abuse are a strong and supportive family network and regular counseling. Unfortunately, the long-term effects of abuse are numerous, and may include feelings of mistrust in friends and loved ones, poor self-esteem, depression, anxiety, and poor physical health (ASCA 2016). Furthermore, these feelings can last decades if left
Hankin, B. L. (2005). Childhood maltreatment and psychopathology: Prospective tests of attachment, cognitive vulnerability, and stress as mediating processes. Cognitive Therapy & Research, 29(6), 645-671.