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Cytology on ovarian cysts
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Case Study #7
A pregnant (5 mo.) woman is reporting pain and an enlargement in her lower right quadrant comes to seek advice on different ways of imaging the area without endangering her baby. What do you explain and advise?
I would also ask questions as to whether or not she is suffering from any other symptoms. Ordering blood and urine work on her is also an excellent idea. In Amanda’s case study she suggested the pelvic ultrasound. I would take it even a bit further. It is called a “transvaginal ultrasound”.
I would explain to her the benefits and/or risks of using this remarkable device. The ultrasound has been around since the 1950s and is considered safe and non-invasive. However, a transvaginal ultrasound is. (3) Transvaginal ultrasound is a method of imaging the genital tract in women. The ultrasound machine sends out high-frequency sound waves, which bounce off body structures to create a picture. With the transvaginal technique, the ultrasound transducer (a hand-held probe) is inserted directly into the vagina and is, therefore, closer to pelvic structures than with the conventional transabdominal technique (with the probe on the skin of the abdomen), providing superior image quality. This test can be used during pregnancy.
A transvaginal ultrasound takes it a bit further than a regular pelvic ultrasound. In this way, it rules out things like ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cysts, fibroid tumors and other abdominal/pelvic diseases like PID (pelvic inflammatory disease).
The transvaginal ultrasound is even better than the pelvic ultrasound. Doing her ultrasound this way will better pick up any potential problems too small enough for the pelvic ultrasound to catch. I would prefer it this way myself.
Ovarian cysts occur when there is a lot of fluid swelling inside the ovary. However, they usually will dissolve on their own. If an ovarian cyst does not dissolve after the next 1-2 menstrual cycles, the doctor would usually try to monitor their activity. If it enlarges, the doctor may suggest removal of the cyst(s). (1)
Fibroid tumors are usually benign (non-cancerous) tumors found, most often, in the uterus of women in their 30's and 40's, although they occasionally develop on other organs which contain smooth muscle cells. Fibroid tumors are solid tumors, which are made of fibrous tissue, hence the name 'fibroid' tumor. Most often fibroids occur as multiple tumor masses, which are slow-growing and often cause no symptoms. The size of fibroids varies immensely among women and some are so small that a microscope is required to see them.
Pam Jenkins is a 36 year-old woman that is 30 weeks into her third pregnancy. Since her pregnancy began, Pam has gained 20 pounds. Although Pam has reduced the amount that she smokes, she continues to smoke 5 cigarettes per day, which may cause some issues with her worry of another preterm birth. Another factor that could also cause complications is her delayed prenatal vitamin use. After logging her dietary intake within a 24 hour period into SuperTracker, I will be making recommendations on how she can alter her diet and lifestyle to ensure that Pam receives the nutrients she needs for herself and for her baby.
As an ultrasound technician/sonographer I will have the ability to see dangerous defects within the human anatomy and begin a lifelong profession with many benefits. The Ultrasound was first invented in the early 1900’s and was surprisingly not used to produce photos of a fetus. In 1917 Paul Langen a marine life scientist used a form of ultrasound equipment in his attempt to detect submarines. After many failed attempts at using high frequency sound waves Dr. Ian Donald and his team in Glasgow, Scotland invented the first ultrasound machine in 1957. Dr. Donald even tested his machine on patients within a year of completing the invention, by the late 1950’s ultrasounds became routine in Glasgow hospitals.
The thought that physicians believe that women have a low pain tolerance is not supported by facts. In the essay “How Doctors Take Women’s Pain Less Seriously,” by Joe Fassler he has a great example of how physicians do believe that many women are not experiencing as much pain as they perceive they are. Men and women are very different and every one had a different pain tolerance and physician should treat every patient as an individual and not make assumptions right away.
In Japan there is not a lot of emphasis on prenatal care. It is thought to be adequate for the mother to be seen 3-4 times throughout her pregnancy. An ultrasound of the baby is sometimes deemed necessary by her midwife or obstetrician. The ultrasound is only used for the purpose of taking a closer look at the mother’s reproductive anatomy or the anatomy of the baby. In the Japanese culture it is considered taboo and quite rude for the ultrasound technician or medical provider to tell the mother the sex of her baby.
Diagnostic medical sonography is a profession where sonographers direct high-frequency sound waves into a patient’s body through the use of specific equipment to diagnose or monitor a patient’s medical condition. As described by the Bureau of Labor Statistics, this examination is referred to as an ultrasound, sonogram, or echocardiogram. The high-frequency sound waves emitted from the handheld device, called a transducer, bounce back creating an echo and therefore produce an image that can be viewed on the sonographers computer screen. This image provides the sonographer and physician with an internal image of the patient’s body that will be used in the diagnosis. The most familiar use of ultrasound is used in monitoring pregnancies and is provided by obstetric and gynecologic sonographers, who also provide imaging of the female reproductive system. Other types of sonography include; abdominal sonography, breast sonography, musculoskeletal sonography, neurosonography and cardiovascular sonography. Due to the vast nature of uses in sonography, most professionals study one field that they choose to specialize in. Diagnostic medical sonography is a rapidly growing field because of the increase in medical advances. The area of Cleveland, Ohio has continued to rise in the medical field with great strides, providing better career prospects with the availability of numerous employment positions.
Adjusting your workstation equipment heavily influences the ability to perform an exam with proper ergonomic techniques. Examples of adjustments that can be made to the work station include, chair type, chair height, keyboard position, monitor position, as well as table position (HSA, 2014). Different equipment modifications will need to be made to suit the sonographer’s ergonomic needs for every exam. For example, Carolyn Coffin discuses techniques related to endovaginal scanning. She explains that while performing an endovaginal exam you should move the ultrasound machine to the end of the table providing close access to the machine and keyboard. She also suggests that you move your chair to sit between the patient’s legs; this will provide an ergonomically proper position for the sonographer. By making proper ergonomic changes based off exam type sonographers will alleviate pain as well as aid in MSI prevention (Coffin, 2014).
...e no harm inflicted on the mother and there would be no need to go the hospital in the first place. However, Doctors have many years of experience to know what a woman needs when it comes to medical procedures.
Ultrasound Technicians are very valuable in the world of health care. Also known as Diagnostic Medical Sonographer, an Ultrasound Technician uses special machines and equipment that operates on sound waves to determine or diagnose medical problems for patients. There are specializations within this field in which some individuals explore. For instance, areas of specialization includes but not limited to; pregnancy, heart health, gynecology, and abdominal sonography. Although each specializing branch has its own distinctive function, they all involve probing the body to facilitate doctors with diagnoses.
A description can never be as vivid as an event that has been experienced. An experience can never be as defining as an event that has left you changed. Under the intensity of childbirth, you're more likely to remember details that would otherwise go unnoticed. All the scenes come together to leave a permanent imprint on the mind's eye.
Sarah came in on 2/22/18 complaining of vaginal pain and had a rash. She tested positive for hepatitis. On 2/21/18, Sarah took a bath and went to church. While at church she stated having pain and called Patricia to get her. The next day she still was in pain. The reporter examined Sarah, and she had wet soil dirt in the external of her vagina. She had grass and strass on the internal of her vagina. She had multiple redness blisters on the inside of her vagina. Sarah did not make contact, seem shy, and uncomfortable, this could have been due to having the exam done. Sarah told the reporter that she was sitting on the couch without panties on. She said she was not touched or had intercourse with anyone. Sarah is a little slow
In order to know if a women’s pregnancy has become ectopic the doctor will do a few different things, such as, a pelvic exam, a blood test, or an ultrasound. A pelvic exam would determine the size of your uterus and feel for growths in the stomach. The doctor would notify a woman of any abnormalities, although, the doctor would also have to pass the woman through more exams to be positive. A blood test would determine the pregnancy hormone levels. After a few days the hormone should rise at a constant pace, if not, it would suggest abnormalities with the pregnancy. Lastly an ultrasound would clearly show the doctor the uterus, if the baby is absent then it would signify an ectopic pregnancy (Ectopic).
Also assessing if she’s had any gynecological surgeries throughout her life is beneficial in seeing if her symptoms are possibly related to menopause. These surgeries would include a...
Rumack, C. M., Wilson, S. R., & Charboneau, J. W. (2005). Diagnostic ultrasound (3rd ed.). St. Louis: Elsevier Mosby.
Uterine Fibroids is a common medical condition that occurs generally in women in reproductive age. Fibroids are considered as benign tumors that grow up in the muscular wall of the uterus. Fibroids are also called leiomyoma or myoma. The size of the fibroids may vary from small sizes (apricot seed) to large sizes (similar to a melon). When fibroids rise up to a large size “The uterus expands to make it look approximating to a 6 or 7 months of pregnancy”. (Gynecologists). They also can grow up as an abnormal whole unit attach to the uterus or develop similar to grapes in different areas around the uterus. (See figure 1)
An obstetrician is one thing, and a gynecologist is another. The job is combined together, but the two branches can be worked separately. An obstetrician is a physician who focuses and is trained in the management of pregnancy, labor, and pueperium (the period following childbirth). A physician who has specialized and trained in the health of the female reproductive system is a gynecologist. The reason the jobs are combined is because they’re both all about women. Obstetricians and Gynecologists are physicians who provide general medical care to women. They equip medical care associated with pregnancy or childbirth, and they diagnose, treat, and help prevent diseases, especially those affecting the female