Slaughterhouses produce high strength wastewater (EC, 2005), which contain high levels of biodegradable organic matter, as faecal, undigested food, blood, suspended material (Jian and Zhang, 1999). Slaughterhouse wastewater composition in terms of organic strength, inorganic elements, alkalinity, and pH is adequate for biological treatment (Massé and Masse, 2000). Design criteria for slaughterhouse wastewater treatment plants are widely published (Travers & Lovett, 1984; Li et al, 2008).
Generally, variations in slaughterhouse wastewater composition are significant, depending on the production procedures, byproducts’ recovery and cleaning procedures (Pozo et al., 2003). The high biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) to chemical oxygen demand (COD) ratio suggests an easily biodegradable wastewater, the relatively low BOD to total Kjeldhal nitrogen (TKN) ratio suggests a need for nitrification and possibly even nitrogen removal and finally the relatively high total suspended solids (TSS) characterize the slaughterhouses’ wastewater (Chen and Lo, 2003; Lovett et al., 1984). The TKN values are highly dependent on the blood handling process of the slaughterhouse. The concentration of contaminants in slaughterhouses wastewater vary, with COD, TKN and TSS concentration ranging from 1000-20000 mg L-1, 150-10000mg L-1 and 250-5000mg L-1 respectively (Li et al, 2008). For large scale slaughterhouses, on-site biological treatment is recommended by the European Commission to remove organic carbon and nutrients before the wastewater is discharged to surface water or local wastewater treatment plants (EC, 2005). This has forced many industries to treat their wastewater to a level obtainable by implementing the best available technology for wastewater ...
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Toxic Sludge is Good for You is an accumulation of real life PR situations that depict the worst of the worst in the American public relations industry. The authors tell one side of the story by naming names and revealing how they worked their magic to manipulate and deceive the public. The book exposes bogus news, made up ‘grassroots” organizations, public relation spies, and other methods to demonstrate how information that comes from corporations, politicians, and other governments can be skewed and controlled before it reaches the masses.
According to the article “Factory Farming Versus Environment and Society,” animal dung can be used as manure, however, “far too much of it is produced in factory farming… Lethal quantities of ammonia, potassium, hydrogen sulfide or other damaging chemical substances penetrate to ground waters and rivers with rain, thus poisoning them” (Fiut & Urbaniak 4). Animal manure contains toxic chemicals that polluted our water resources. The issue with having animals confined in a tight, restrictive environment is that animal feces leak through the cages and poison various water resources. Not to mention, it also makes the environment that produces our meat and dairy very unsanitary and more likely to increase the risk of transmitted diseases not only from animal to animal but to people who consume the meat as well. Moreover, when the feces contaminates the water, it affects the aquatic environment. In the article, Louis A. Helfrich, Richard J. Neves, and James Parkhurst stated, “nearly 20 percent of our freshwater fishes, 45 percent of our mussels, 48 percent of our crayfishes, and 20 percent of our aquatic snails are imperiled. Of the 230 species of amphibians (90 frogs and toads, and 140 salamanders) that depend on aquatic habitats, 40 percent are disappearing and alarming numbers of individuals are missing limbs; such deformities have been documented in 44 states”(Helfrich, Neves & Parkhurst 1). The pollution caused by factory farms kills the aquatic animals resulting in the declining loss of aquatic biodiversity. When the animal waste leaks from Lagoons, it not only causes toxicity to water but it can also create “dead zones” which the creatures can’t survive in. The nitrogen ends up becoming gaseous turning into a colorless gas with a pungent smell. This creates problems in
Over the past few decades, small and medium sized farms have been taken over by large-scale factory farms. These farms house billions of animals used for consumption each year. The conditions on factory farms are filthy, overcrowded and disease ridden. Animals forced to live out their lives on these farms are subject to extremely harsh conditions, such as mutilation, confinement and living spaces piled high with feces. Not only do conditions on factory farms make life for livestock absolutely miserable, but factory farms are also negatively impacting human health and the environment. The production and sale of meat has become a billion-dollar industry based upon the bloodshed of other sentient beings. With this being the case, at the very least, factory farms need to be properly regulated and companies involved need to be held accountable for their abuse.
The existence of a waste water treatment plant will depend on local discharge requirements and the costs of waste water treatment. Relevant waste water treatment technologies involve neutralisation and anaerobic or aerobic processes.
Stephenson, R., & Blackburn, J. J. (1998). The Industrial Wastewater Systems Handbook. New York: Lewis Publishers.
The abuse of livestock is a widespread problem that affects everyone who buys and consumes meat products. Most people are not even aware of how slaughter-destined animals are treated while alive, what chemicals are forced into their bodies, what they are forced to eat, and how they are slaughtered. Fortunately, an increasing number of slaughter plants and small farms have been conforming to the U.S. Department of Agriculture’s (USDA) Humane Methods of Slaughter Act (HMSA), after it was passed in 1958, and amended to be fully enforced in 2002, but there are still slaughter plants that abuse, neglect, and provide poor conditions for livestock (“Humane” Animal). When looking at the realities of mass producing meat and animal products, two serious problems arise: the quality of life for the animals, and the possible negative health effects for the people who consume these products.
Factory farming is a necessary component of our modern food production and supply system. In 2005, the U.S. produced 45.7 billion pounds of red meat. It efficiently produces and distributes huge quantities of food to feed the growing population of America. But the overfeeding of antibiotics in the U.S. meat industry has gotten to the extreme and it calls for a drastic change in order to prevent a potential public health crises.
“U.S. Meat Production,” PSR, Physicians for Social Responsibility, Washington, D.C. 2014. Print. Web 1 Apr. 2014.
Meat cultivation uses more land, water and resources to house, transport, and slaughter animals and their grain and food than it would cost to fund in vitro meat studies. In April 2008 the In Vitro Consortium first met at the Norwegian Food Research Institute. The consortium is “an international alliance of environmentally concerned scientists striving to facilitate the establishment of a large scale process industry for the production of muscle tissue for human consumption through concerted R&D efforts and attraction of funding fuels to these efforts. ”Meat in both its production and its consumption has a number of destructive effects on not only the environment and humans but also live stock. Some of these effects are antibiotic resistant bacteria due to the overuse of antibiotics in livestock, meat-borne pathogens (e. coli), and diseases associated with diets rich in animal fats (diabetes).
In attached growth systems, microbes get attached to a surface to form a biofilm. The formation of the biofilm depends on factors like the type of surface used, presence of polymeric molecules on the surface and cell-cell interactions. Wastewater is passed through the surfaces on which the biofilms are attached. The microorganisms in the biofilm utilize the organic matter present in the wastewater and subsequently, the biofilms grow. There are four predominant reactor types that utilize this technology. Trickling Filters (TFs), Rotating Biological Contactor (RBC) Systems, Constructed Wetlands and Membrane Bioreactors (MBRs) (Sehar & Naz, 2016). Trickling Filters and Membrane Bioreactors are focused on in this
In the United States Using waste water, as drinking water is very controversial. There are individuals who agree that agree that it is a good source of water and don’t mind there wastewater being reused. On the other hand, there are other individuals who see this as unhealthy practice and would be disgusted by the though of doing this. Being controversial, many states and cities in The U.S have not taken steps to increase the use of wastewater, which is renewable, as a source of water, causing a greater demand for non-renewable water sources. This is having a great impact on the world as the world population grows.
Natural disasters can make the task even more difficult, by potentially physically moving the bodies of deceased animals away from their site of residence. This was observed in hurricane Floyd, with somewhere between 30,000 and 100,000 dead pigs, as well as chickens and turkeys, floating on top of the flood waters toward the Pamlico River [23]. Proper carcass disposal should be practiced in an efficient manner, which is difficult to attempt with such massive numbers of animals being swept away by flood waters. During the time before animals are properly disposed of there is risk of the environment becoming contaminated with any pathogens or other substances the animals may be carrying.
Factory farms produce the meat that most people in densely populated areas consume each day. The conditions in these farms aren't ideal. There isn't much room in thes...
The aim for this experiment is to find the most cost effective method for purifying hard water.