1.1.3.2 Swachh Bharat Mission in Urban Areas
The swachh bharat mission of urban areas aims to cover almost 1.04 crore households in order to provide them 2.6 lakhs of public toilets, 2.5 lakhs of community toilets together with the solid wastes management in every town. Community toilets have been planned to be built in the residential areas where availability of individual household toilets is difficult and public toilets at designated locations including bus stations, tourist places, railway stations, markets, etc. Cleanliness programme in the urban areas (around 4,401 towns) have been planned to be completed over five years till 2019. The costs of programmes are set like Rs 7,366 crore on solid waste management, Rs 1,828 crore on public awareness, Rs 655 crore on community toilets, Rs 4,165 crore on individual household toilets, etc. Programmes which have been targeted to be completed are complete removal of open defecation, converting unsanitary toilets into flush toilets, eradicating manual scavenging, bring behavioral changes among public, and solid waste management.
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Earlier the Nirmal Bharat Abhiyan (also called Total Sanitation campaign, TSC) was established by the Government of India in 1999 to make rural areas clean however now it has been restructured into the Swachh Bharat Mission (Gramin). This campaign is aimed to make rural areas free of open defecation till 2019 for which the cost has been estimated is one lakh thirty four thousand crore rupees for constructing approximately 11 crore 11 lakh toilets in the country.
There is a big plan of converting waste into bio-fertilizer and useful energy forms. This mission involves the participation of gram panchayat, panchayat samiti and Zila
I support position A, which is public health interventions are primarily responsible for improvements of child and mother health. Because the most interventions is related to public health and not medical care interventions, for instance, hygiene, sewage, good nutrition, education, changing behaviors such as quit smoking and so on have contributed to reduce infant mortality and maternal as mentioned in the article 4. We can notice that public health interventions through three levels of care. Primary interventions are before pregnancy such as check health of women if she has chronic or infectious diseases and advise women to change unhealthy behaviors such as avoid alcohol and tobacco. Secondary interventions are during pregnancy such as providing
Research conducted by Lillianna Guerrero et al. at the Built Department at Eindhoven University of Technology in Den Dolech showing the challenges of waste management challenges for cities in developing countries that waste management comes at a high cost that most countries don’t have the money to set aside for in the annual budget (1). They found that even when the money is set aside, failure to follow guidelines hurts the budget even more. This is important because they must figure out how to make sure guidelines are followed so they can make planned budget costs. Budgeting for a smaller country with no money can be tough especially when there is another factor in their country that needs as much resources as it can get, such as food and water supply for their countries people. Worsening the problem can be avoided if they inform their people on how to properly dispose of their waste and recycle item that could be used in place of another object that will potentially end up as harmful waste. According to Guerrero’s research the outcomes are a comprehensive list of stakeholders that are relevant in the waste management systems and a set of factors that reveal the most important causes for the systems’ failure. For example, failure to educated the public causes incorrect disposal techniques to
This job can be done in big countries with big cities where there are large sewer systems. Li...
My reflection was on a group book club which started with going to meet Dina Told, at her home in a living room. Dina helps teach reading and comprehension to children. The project took off as a summer camp in her yard’s gazebo. When it starts getting cold the group goes inside her house. The group sessions changed every month from house to house of members only. Sometimes the group meets at the library, bookstores, and parks. The observation was performed with the approval of each child’s parent that only asked to change their child’s names upon doing this study.
People are brought up differently which gives each person a unique perspective on life than the other. The doctors working in England that were raised in third world countries had a different outlook on life as things were much more difficult on a day to day basis in comparison to the life of someone living in a first world country. Procedures pertaining to health care in third world countries were much different compared to the way medical procedures are carried out in first world countries.
Measures to expand and improve public delivery systems of drinking water, contributing to a reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with enteric diseases, because these diseases are associated directly or indirectly with providing substandard water or poor provision water. Currently, 1,400 million people lack access to safe drinking water and nearly 4,000 billion lack adequate sanitation. According to estimates by the World Health Organization (WHO), 80% of diseases are transmitted through contaminated water.
Seeing the look on that young man’s face had been just enough to want to explore more into this topic of sanitation. What makes sanitation so complex is that in order to have a proper sewage system, it would take billions of dollars to achieve full water borne in all countries. Also being able to keep up with the growth of urban areas would have to be a full blown investment. According to Water & Sanitation for the Urban Poor, sanitation progress has only increased 5% since 1990. Not to mention that 1 in 4 city residents worldwide live without improved sanitation which is about 2.5 billion people (WSUP, 2016). This means that more people in the world lack sanitation that the people who actually do have proper sanitation. Just sitting here pondering that is absolutely mind-blowing to me, that in 2016 many parts of the world are still struggling to achieve sanitation and clean
To utilize newer sources of the agriculture waste for the purpose of electricity generation and double the start up capacity in five years.
Mumbai has been a constantly developing, globally engaged city over the past 150 years. In the last 25 years, it has made a quick economic change from trade to services, and has extended its national and cross-border roles. Mumbai's global significance is noticeable in that it is:
...d trash on the soil in order to keep the soil fresh. My interest would be like find a material to transform those waste or trash as a <>. By that mean, Farmers, instead of buying chemical products to damage the soil, they would use that possibility to keep the soil safe and sound and save money too. Therefore, in order to improve air quality in my community, those disciplines would be highly required. It will also be very good for the safety of the environment.
Approximately 844 million people (one tenth of the population) in the world do not have access to clean and 2.3 billion do not have access to a decent toilet. This poor sanitation and contaminated water quality is the cause of death for over 289 000 children under the age of 5 every year.
School sanitation and health in Nigeria and India, targets for sustainable development, refuse management in Columbia, emergency programming, sanitation in Guinea and Thailand, and more...
Across the world a problem has been growing for decades. The problem is garbage, especially municipal solid waste. Solid wastes are all the wastes arising from human activities that are normally solid and are discarded as useless or unwanted (Elfren Bringas Paz, 2006). Generally speaking, developing countries, which have higher productivity and high quality of living, produce more municipal solid waste per capita than low-income countries. This is also the reason why the USA and Canada are world leaders in waste production. For example, even with a plan to reduce waste production by 50%, Toronto, Canada, is running out of places to dispose its municipal solid waste. In 2007, every day each American produced 4.6 pounds of garbage on average. The amount of the municipal waste has more than doubled since 1960, and the per capita rate has increased by nearly 70% at the same time (Enger and Smith, 2002). Under this condition, the solid waste management has been one of the major concerns in urban management. This essay will compare and contrast the ways to deal with municipal solid waste in Canada and the USA. Firstly, it will compare the recycling programs supported by governments of these two countries. Following this, it will look at another two ways of waste disposal (landfill and incineration) and compare their applications in Canada and the USA. Finally, it will contrast the methods of garbage sorting in the two countries.
Efficient waste managing approaches help with reducing and avoiding unpleasant impact on the environment and human health, while allowing financial development and progress in the quality of people’s life. People do not even imagine what is the size and capacity of their activities and the impact they produce on the environment. Garbage is an important ecological problem. It is seems amazing that approximately all of the citizens of the world identify rubbish as a major environmental problem and yet these people still litter. According to the Environmental Protection Agency (2008), an American produces 250 million tons of garbage per year (para.2). There are different circumstances that are based on the society, environmental conditions, occupation and size of each of the different family. As Richmond (2010) stated, if no administration organizations has the responsibility or resources to concentrate their efforts on the waste disposal, then the responsibility to do that is on ...
Thus, the litter is only beneficial to us in a moment but the consequences are incalculable. Furthermore, humans should plant, grow and keep trees. Trees absorb carbon dioxide, prevent soil erosion and provide habitat for all living organisms. Planting more trees to enjoy the fresh air created by plants and contribute to saving the earth. In addition, everyone ought to minimize the use of plastic bags which is very difficult to recycle and can survive in hundreds years. If a lot of used plastic bags are not handled property, they will cause tremendous consequences later. To reduce them, people should refuse to use plastic bags offered by supermarkets, instead, use long-lasting shopping bags and use paper bags or biodegradable bags. People also should use natural materials. Plant protection drugs and hazardous chemicals used in hygiene everyday are one of the causes of diseases such as Parkinson, cancer and diseases related to the brain. So why not use materials derived from natural and efficient utilization of the relationship between the struggle for survival in the wild species to control the pest. Besides, all persons should begin to utilize solar energy for use. Solar energy is clean, natural and unbridled source of energy for