3.3 Case studies retrofitting
Some of the techniques involved in achieving the efficiency are active day lighting, double envelope walls, passive day lighting, cool roofing, windows of high energy efficiency, providing with high levels of insulation, low levels of air filtration inside the building, usage of low impact materials, heat and air circulation enhancing and various sustainable design. According to recent researches, the building orientation, its structure, the material choice, windows and other openings have great potential in terms of contribution to sustainable development (A. Fialho, 2012).
In this context, in Ecotect are specified all the selected buildings properties, with respect to the kindergarten building location,
…show more content…
Therefore, this is an inadequate insulation to halt the heating season energy losses. Briefly, the thermal performance evaluation of the selected kindergarten building during winter, shows that the current insulation thickness is inadequate. Moreover, the window openings are essential with heat losses during winter period and heat gains during summer period.
In this phase is developed a scenario to reduce heat losses from the roof and external walls. In other words, are reduced the U values of these building components by adding an extra thermal insulation layer. For walls, 100 mm external insulation layer (polystyrene foam) is added. It has excellent acoustic, vibration, fire, water and rot resistance. Compared to other materials, it has the least impact assessment. It has also a moderate cost. It is the most preferred because of its multiple resistivity property. For roof were added 80 mm insulation layers (XPS), (Table
…show more content…
A total of 7 scenarios for each case study is examined by Ecotect software under three main retrofitting options: Roof retrofit, exterior wall retrofit and windows retrofit. This simulation phase is very significant in the modeling process to define scenarios that have the greatest potential to reduce kindergarten’s energy demand. It is useful also for contractors and tenants to follow the effect of adding or replacing a single component. The retrofitting scenarios are set as various combinations of three main retrofitting options (exterior walls, roof, windows) to investigate the potential energy reduction range. The seasonal energy load (Wh/m2), i.e. energy consumption for heating or cooling loads, is tabulated for the actual condition and also for the proposed
Solar energy and climate were major contributing factors in the building plans of Anasazi architecture. The climate can be harsh in the Four Corners region of the country, with extremely hot days and very cool nights, unbearably hot summers, and frigid winters. In order to protect the inhabitants from their environment, the Anasazi architects incorporated their knowledge of the effect of solar energy on building materials, as well as location of the sun in determining how the structures may most efficiently either absorb or reflect heat. “A southern exposure would have taken advantage of the low, southern winter sun angle, helping keep rooms wa...
A discussion on the HVAC heat loss calculations and miscellaneous supports. It was explained that the drawings showed an estimated tonnage, but the bidders were to size their units per their own calculations. The dual HVAC units as shown on the drawings represent N+1 redundancy as large VFDs are part of the building
Second, most of the private kindergartens are profit-orientation. Thus, the fees of many private kindergartens are increasing year by year. In this kind of private kindergarten, children’s physical and mental health cannot be protected well. Thirdly, some private kindergartens’ facilities and teaching scales are not suitable for the requirements, while the children need to go to kindergartens. So the private kindergartens are still growing and increasing. According to Cui Meilan, a professor, there are many kinds of security risks in rural private kindergarten, related to children’s lives and health. For example, accidents due to the overloading of the kindergarten school bus. That’s because the kindergartens are
...plications affecting efficiency. More focus is necessary on the indoor environment in schools, day care centres, hospitals and nursing homes for elderly, because children, hospital patients and elderly are sensitive subgroups. There are a number of indications that the indoor environment at home is normally worse than in the indoor office environment. The population spends most time at home, and children are exposed at home for many years (National Safety Council, 2009). This suggests that improvements of the home environment may be a cost-effective to reduce the indoor exposure burden in the population. The link between indoor and outdoor air pollution should not be ignored, as most of the exposure to outdoor pollutants occurs indoors. Finally, the function of energy saving and climate changes for the indoor environment and SBS will be an important future issue.
Green building has come forth over the past decade as a positive movement to produce high-performance, energy-efficient structures that improve comfort and health for resident, meanwhile, minimizing environmental impacts. Nevertheless, a common sense that green features is expensive and not suitable for affordable housing. Recent studies are showed that green buildings have a modest initial cost premium, but the long-term benefits far exceed the additional capital costs. For this report, I will introduce a financial analysis -Net Present Value (NPV), and discuss the impacts of NPV analysis for green affordable housing.
It should be clearly stated to visitors that the school respect and values a range and equal opportunities, and these are part of devotion of the school towards learning environment, which make it safe and secure for learners.
The school provides a safe environment for students to accomplish academic, social and emotional development. The leadership of a building will include effective decision making, human resource management, mission or purpose, understanding of change, relationship buildi...
Cabeza, Luisa F., Camila Barreneche, Laia Miró, Mónica Martínez, A. Inés Fernández, and Diana Urge-Vorsatz. "Affordable Construction towards Sustainable Buildings: Review on Embodied Energy in Building Materials." Environmental Sustainability 5.2 (2013): 229-36. Print.
Sustainable design seeks to reduce negative impacts on the environment, the health and comfort of building occupants, thereby improving building performance. The basic objects of sustainability are to reduce consumption of non-renewable resources, minimal waste, and create healthy, productive environments (“Sustainable Design”). Focusing primarily on the sustainable design principles, there are five, including: low-impact materials, energy efficiency, quality and durability, design for reuse and recycling, and renewability. As sustainability appears to become the necessary trend in architecture, the question concerning the cost versus outcome of “going green” really an investment or a waste of time and money comes to mind. With our research provided below, we believe the expenses may truly be with the investment in the end.
The perfect green building would protect the environment which surround the project site, and could be used as a building that is going to achieve a purpose. The construction and operation levels of the green building will help to have a healthy environment without disrupting the land, water, energy and resources used inside the building and around the building in the project site; this is the actual definition of the green building.
“The building sector contributes up to 30% of global annual greenhouse gas emissions and consumes up to 40% of all energy” (UNEP). The building sector is one of the leading contributors to global warming and, as a result, is one of the leading contributors to melting ice caps, rising sea levels and the recent proliferation in extreme weather conditions. However, it does not just contribute to global warming; the building sector also contributes to urban pollution. In the US alone, the building sector generates hundreds of millions of tons of municipal solid waste each year. It is clear that the building sector must change if we are to survive as a species. Ultimately we need to convert our cities into “sustainable cities,” but a good start in that direction is a practice in the building industry known as Green Building. A Green Building is an environmentally sustainable building designed, constructed and operated to minimize its total environmental impact. Some of the main goals underpinning Green Building include reduced energy consumption, water conservation and recycling. Green builders do this by using renewable energy such as solar, wind or hydro, which provides the buildings with clean energy and zero carbon dioxide emissions. They manage water through water efficient irrigation systems, captured rain or site-recycled water for onsite landscaping. They also develop a waste management plan that diverts a substantial amount of solid waste from landfills to salvage facilities. A common assumption that many people make is that Green Building is very expensive. But the cost of a building, house or apartment complex that is Green depends on how “green” they want it to be. Prices can range from a mere one percent i...
In general, I consider my greatest strength in the case study tutorials to be a confidence and willingness to contribute, which is certainly something I have struggled with in the past (during A levels, etc.). Having gained experience in group work and in leading a group project in my foundation year at Keele, I now find it far easier to speak up in these situations. I consider myself to generally be a very quiet person, so it has taken a lot of development to get to the point where I am able to speak out loudly and clearly. I am pleased with what I have achieved in this regard.
Simpson, J.R. (2002, November). Energy and Buildings, Improved Estimates of tree-shade effects on residential energy use. ScienceDirect, 34(10), 1067–1076. Retrieved from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0378778802000282
"Green Building: Advantages & Disadvantages." Green Building: Advantages & Disadvantages. N.p., n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2013. .
They can be allowed to be used by the communities when school closes or is on holidays. Egbezor (2005) noted that the classrooms are used for adult literacy activities nationwide, for public health activities like immunizations, public enlightenment exercises, in emergency epidemic situations and school building are converted into make shift hospitals. School buildings are also put into use during voting exercises. This will help establish good relationship with the community. School library can equip a room with books that parents can come to read and borrow. The books to be provided should be of interest to the parents such as books on child psychology, married life, current affairs and health care. Community organizations can be allowed to use school hall for social events, meetings, games and festivals. This will make community organizations be concerned with whatever would be happening to the school. School can establish business centres and/or restaurants around the school gate. This will be intended to serve both the school and the neighbouring community. This will always bring the school closer to the community members and they will be most concerned with anything that will affect the