Blood Transfusion, Pediatric
Introduction
A blood transfusion is a procedure in which your child receives donated blood, including plasma, platelets, and red blood cells, through an IV tube. Your child may need a blood transfusion because of illness, surgery, or injury. The blood may come from a donor it may be your child’s own blood (autologous blood donation) that he or she donated previously.
The blood given in a transfusion is made up of different types of cells. Your child may receive:
• Red blood cells. These carry oxygen to the cells in the body. Red blood cells are the most common type of transfusion.
• White blood cells. These help you fight infections.
• Platelets. This helps your blood to clot.
• Plasma. This is the liquid part of
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This is necessary to know what kind of blood your child’s body will accept and to match it to the donor blood.
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If your child is going to have a planned surgery and he or she is at least 13 years old, your child may be able to do an autologous blood donation. This may be done in case he or she needs to have a transfusion.
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If your child has had an allergic reaction to a transfusion in the past, your child may be given medicine to help prevent a reaction.
Your child will be given this medicine by mouth or through an IV.
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• Your child will have his or her temperature, blood pressure, and pulse monitored before the transfusion.
• Follow instructions from your child’s health care provider about eating and drinking restrictions.
• Ask your child’s health care provider about:
Changing or stopping your child’s regular medicines. This is especially important if your child is taking diabetes medicines or blood thinners.
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Taking medicines such as aspirin and ibuprofen. These medicines can thin your child’s blood. Do not give your child these medicines before the procedure if your child’s health care provider instructs you not to.
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PROCEDURE
• An IV tube will be inserted into one of your child’s
oxygen out of the blood and uses it in the body's cells. The cells use
An exchange transfusion is a procedure that removes your baby 's blood in small amounts and replaces it with donor blood or the yellow-colored liquid part of blood (plasma).
Many of the subject’s were twins, mostly identical. Twins when through the worst of the surgeries, including blood transfusions. Doctors drained one twin of his blood and inject it into the other twin to see what would happen. Blood would be drawn from each twin in large quantities about ten cubic centimeters were drawn daily. The twins who were very young suffered the worst of the blood drawing. They would be forced to have blood drawn from their necks a very painful method. Other methods included from their fingers for smaller amounts, and arms sometimes from both simultaneously. The doctors would sometimes see how much they could withdraw until the patient passed out or died.
Red blood cells deliver the oxygen to the muscles and organs of the body.
Blood transfusions and ingesting blood is prohibited and considered wrong. Bone marrow are left to the individual and his principles to decide; other types of medical treatment are permitted. (Beliefnet, 2014). Jehovah’s Witnesses do not allow blood transfusions base...
When you go to give blood, you will need a few things to help the process go smoothly. For starters, you will need time to spend there; about an hour and a half to be safe. During the application procedure, you need picture ID to verify who you are and what age you are. If you are under 17 years old, you will need a parent permission form signed in order to donate. After you follow the instructions given as soon as you arrive, you will be asked to read a safety form to make sure you are saf...
According the American Association of Blood Banks (AABB), there are several standards available for this procedure. These standards are vital to help intervene when blood transfusion is needed. It provides clinical recommendations to educate and aware nurses the recent advances and technological innovations in planning and management of transfusion medicine. The standards are updated so nurses can be in compliance with best practices of how to manage blood transfusion to assure the proper approach to patient care. The standards are updated as new clinical trials are performed and show different techniques. There are other associations which enforce the same standards but have some clinical variations. (AABB, 2010)
Before WWI, the practice of medicine was far from how it has developed into today. The practice was not advanced, and therefore, had few concrete methods. However, with the beginning of the First World War, there was a great push to improve these methods. Although the war caused much illness and death, it also catalyzed many improvements such as blood transfusions, x-rays, vaccines, and sanitation.
Historically, pediatric drugs have been used without the adequate research done for pediatric formulation and dosage information for children usage. There have been difficulties and lack of pediatric trials done on drugs and children received unapproved therapeutic uses based on adult formulation, which have caused harmful results in children. There is a profound need for pharmaceutical tests to be approved for safety and effective for use by children. Only few drugs have adequate labeling information and approved indication for dosage, frequency, and route of administration. However, over the recent years, implementation of pediatric regulations and legislations have been initiated and review committees have been established to renew this issue.
Having had an affinity for the nature of antibodies and the mechanisms associated with immunity, Landsteiner’s experimental trials were conducted in an attempt to understand the underlying reason behind the fatal outcome of blood transfusions in patients. He suggested that the cause of clotting could be attributed to the presence of agglutinogens (antigens) that he named A and B, whi...
Arteries carry oxygen-rich blood from the heart through the body while veins carry oxygen-poor blood back to the heart. The heart pumps some blood to the lungs while the rest goes to the other organs in the body. Blood enters the heart through a vein and collects in the atrium. The atrium then contracts pusing the blood into a ventricle. Next, the ventricle contracts and all the blood is forced out through an artery and into the lungs or rest of the body.
II. Imagine your little nephew or niece baby was born with a heart defect and required daily transfusions of blood in order to have a chance at survival.
Red Blood Cells contain hemoglobin molecules to help bind to oxygen to bring to other tissues. Without this function, cells would not be able to go through the process of cellular respiration and can only survive a short time. Red Blood Cells are also able to carry bicarbonate as a waste product and carry a variety of hormones to communicate between organs.
Point blank, diabetes is a serious disease and causes major effects on people’s daily lives. In a society where food comes in such abundance, people are overeating. Compared to the beginning of the twenty first century when only about five percent of the population had diabetes (Nazarko, 2009), today that number is rising and continuing to do so. This is starting to affect the health of children by being diagnosed with diabetes at a young age. When a child has diabetes it becomes very serious since children are at such a young age to deal...